Understanding Basic Statistics

by Unknown

• ISBN13: 9780618060870
• ISBN10: 0618060871
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Table of Contents

Table of Prerequisite Material	xiii
Preface	xv
A User's Guide to Features	xxiii
1 ORGANIZING DATA	1	(68)
1.1 Populations, Samples, and Data	2	(14)
1.2 Random samples	16	(9)
1.3 Graphs	25	(10)
1.4 Histograms and Frequency Distributions	35	(15)
1.5 Stem-and-Leaf Displays	50	(19)
Summary	57	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	58	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	58	(4)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	62	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	64	(33)
USING TECHNOLOGY
2 AVERAGES AND VARIATION	69	(51)
2.1 Measures of Central Tendency: Mode, Median, and Mean	69	(11)
2.2 Measures of Variation	80	(17)
2.3 Percentiles and Box-and Whisker Plots	97	(23)
Summary	110	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	111	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	111	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	113	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	115	(28)
USING TECHNOLOGY	117	(3)
3 REGRESSION AND CORRELATION	120	(45)
3.1 Introduction to Paired Data and Scatter Diagrams	120	(8)
3.2 Linear Regression	128	(15)
3.3 The Linear Correlation Coefficient	143	(22)
Summary	156	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	157	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	157	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	159	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	160	(33)
USING TECHNOLOGY	161	(4)
4 ELEMENTARY PROBABILITY THEORY	165	(48)
4.1 What is Probability?	166	(10)
4.2 Some Probability Rules: Compound Events	176	(17)
4.3 Trees and Counting Techniques	193	(20)
Summary	205	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	206	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	206	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	208	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	209	(29)
USING TECHNOLOGY	211	(2)
5 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION	213	(44)
5.1 Introduction to Random Variables and Probability Distributions	214	(10)
5.2 Binomial Probabilities	224	(14)
5.3 The Mean and Standard Deviation of the Binomial Distribution	238	(19)
Summary	246	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	247	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	248	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	250	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	252	(48)
USING TECHNOLOGY	254	(3)
6 NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS	257	(62)
6.1 Graphs of Normal Probability Distributions	257	(16)
6.2 Standard Units and Areas Under the Standard Normal Distribution	273	(16)
6.3 Areas Under Any Normal Curve	289	(11)
6.4 Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution	300	(19)
Summary	308	(1)
Important Words and symbols	308	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	309	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	312	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	314	(22)
USING TECHNOLOGY	316	(3)
7 INTRODUCTION TO SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS	319	(28)
7.1 Sampling Distributions	320	(5)
7.2 The Central Limit Theorem	325	(11)
7.3 Class Project Illustrating the Central Limit Theorem	336	(11)
Summary	339	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	339	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	339	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	341	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	342	(39)
USING TECHNOLOGY	344	(3)
8 ESTIMATION	347	(52)
8.1 Estimating µ with Large Samples	347	(14)
8.2 Estimating µ with Small Samples	361	(10)
8.3 Estimating p in the Binomial Distribution	371	(10)
8.4 Choosing the Sample Size	381	(18)
Summary	389	(1)
Important Words and symbols	389	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	390	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	392	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	394	(52)
USING TECHNOLOGY	396	(3)
9 HYPOTHESIS TESTING INVOLVING ONE POPULATION	399	(65)
9.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing	399	(9)
9.2 Tests Involving the Mean µ (Large Samples)	408	(16)
9.3 The P value in Hypothesis Testing	424	(10)
9.4 Tests Involving the Mean µ (Small samples)	434	(12)
9.5 Tests Involving a Proportion	446	(18)
Summary	456	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	457	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	458	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	460	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	461	(47)
USING TECHNOLOGY	462	(2)
10 INFERENCES ABOUT DIFFERENCES	464	(69)
10.1 Tests Involving Paired Differences (Dependent Samples)	464	(12)
10.2 Inferences About the Difference of Two Means (Large, Independent Samples)	476	(17)
10.3 Inferences About the Difference of Two Means (Small, Independent Samples)	493	(15)
10.4 Inferences About the Difference of Two Proportions	508	(25)
Summary	522	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	522	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	523	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	526	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	527	(7)
USING TECHNOLOGY	528	(5)
11 ADDITIONAL TOPICS USING INFERENCE	533
Part I: Hypothesis Tests Using the Chi-Square Distribution	534	(30)
Overview of the Chi-Square Distribution	534
11.1 Chi Square: Tests of Independence	535	(13)
11.2 Chi Square: Goodness of Fit	548	(9)
11.3 Testing a Single Variance or Standard Deviation	557	(7)
Part II: Inferences Relating to Liner Regression	564
11.4 Linear Regression: Confidence Intervals for Predictions	564	(13)
11.5 Testing the Correlation Coefficient	577
Summary	583	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	584	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	584	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	587	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	588	(1)
USING TECHNOLOGY	589
APPENDIXES
Appendix I. Tables	A1
Table 1: Random Numbers	A1
Table 2: Binomial Coefficients Cn,r	A2
Table 3: Binomial Distribution Cn,r Pr qn-r	A3
Table 4: Areas of a Standard Normal Distribution	A7
(a) Table of Areas from 0 to Z	A7
(b) Confidence Interval Critical Values Zc	A8
(c) Hypothesis Testing Critical Values Z0	A8
Table 5: Student's t Distribution	A9
Table 6: The X2 Distribution	A10
Table 7: Critical Values of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, r	A11
Appendix II Data Sets	A12
Answers with Key steps to Odd-Numbered Problems	A18
Index	I-1