Preface | |
Assessing Websites | |
The Maltreatment of Children from a Historical Perspective | |
Children as Property | |
Issues of Life and Death | |
Issues of Dependence | |
Issues of Discipline | |
Child Labor | |
Sexual Values, Attitudes, and Exploitation | |
Early History | |
The Nineteenth Century | |
The Twentieth Century | |
The Incest Taboo | |
History | |
Reasons for Taboo | |
Legal and Social Prohibition | |
Recent History of Helping the Abused and Neglected Child | |
Further Efforts on Behalf of Children | |
Professional Awareness and Response to the Movement to Protect Children and Families | |
Child Protection Today | |
Current Framework | |
The Role of Child Protective Services | |
Child Rearing, Maltreatment, and Public Opinion | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Endnotes | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
The Family: Roles, Responsibilities, and Rights | |
The Definition and Function of the Family | |
The Family as a System | |
Subsystems and Boundaries | |
Roles | |
Communication | |
Bonding and Attachment | |
Rituals | |
Minority Family Systems | |
African American Families | |
Hispanic American Families | |
Asian and Pacific Island Families | |
Native American Families | |
Family Problems and Dysfunction | |
The Family and Child Maltreatment | |
Parents' Rights | |
Children's Rights | |
Impact on the Child Protection Movement | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Maltreatment and the Developing Child | |
Developmental Stages | |
Pregnancy and Birth | |
Birth to One Year | |
One to Four Years | |
Four to Eight Years | |
Eight to Twelve Years | |
Adolescence | |
Development, Maltreatment and Resiliency | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
The Neglect of Children | |
The Neglect of the Concept of Neglect | |
Definition and Measurement of Neglect | |
Causes of Neglect | |
Economic Causes | |
Ecological Causes | |
Societal Causes | |
Individual Causes | |
Problems in Intervention | |
Neglected Children | |
Symptoms and Effects of Neglect | |
Neglectful Parents | |
Efforts to Explain the Behavior of Neglectful Parents | |
Substance-Abusing Families | |
Domestic Violence and Neglect | |
Plight of the Parent and the Social Worker | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
The Physical Abuse of Children | |
Causes of Physical Abuse | |
Interactional Variables | |
Environmental/Life Stress Variables | |
Social/Cultural/Economic Variables | |
Risk Assessment and Physical Abuse | |
Child Risk Factors | |
Parental Risk Factors | |
Family System Risk Factors | |
Symptoms of Physical Abuse | |
Physical Symptoms | |
Behavioral Indications of Abuse | |
Abusive Parents | |
Parents' Unlearned Tasks from Childhood | |
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | |
Abusive Parents and Adolescents | |
Domestic Violence and Other Abuse within the Family | |
Domestic Violence | |
Abuse by Siblings | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Endnote | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
The Sexual Abuse of Children | |
Two Groups' Approaches to Child Sexual Abuse | |
Child Protection Movement | |
Feminist Movement | |
Definition of Child Sexual Abuse | |
Types of Sexual Abuse | |
Intrafamilial Abuse | |
Extrafamilial Abuse | |
The Progression of Sexual Abuse | |
Engagement Phases | |
Sexual Interaction and Secrecy Phases | |
Disclosure Phase | |
Suppression Phase | |
Incidence of Sexual Abuse | |
Studies of Abuse | |
Influence of Reporting on Statistics | |
False Allegations Movement | |
Profile of the Abused Child | |
Children at Risk | |
Female Victims | |
Male Victims | |
Degree of Trauma | |
Profile of the Perpetrator | |
Multifactor Theories | |
Single-Factor Theories | |
Process Models | |
Who Become Perpetrators? | |
Female Abusers | |
Juvenile Sexual Offenders | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Incest: Familial Abuse | |
Incest as a Problem Today | |
Societal Contributions to Incest | |
Father-Daughter Incest | |
Family Patterns | |
Profiles of the Family | |
Father-Son Incest | |
Family Dynamics | |
Effects of Father-Son Incest | |
Mother-Daughter Incest | |
Family Dynamics | |
Effects of Mother-Daughter Incest | |
Mother-Son Incest | |
Family Dynamics | |
Effects of Mother-Son Incest | |
Brother-Sister Incest | |
Family Dynamics | |
Effects of Brother-Sister Incest | |
Homosexual Sibling Incest | |
Incest with Uncles, Grandfathers, and Cousins | |
Why Incest Stops | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Extrafamilial Sexual Abuse, Misuse, and Exploitation | |
Dynamics and Characteristics of Sexual Abuse outside the Family | |
Pedophilia | |
Pederasty | |
Technophilia | |
Sexual Abuse by Clergy | |
Motivation of Perpetrators | |
Crisis in the Catholic Church | |
Impact on Victims | |
Addressing Clerical Perpetrators | |
Sexual Abuse in Day-Care Settings | |
Types of Day-Care Abuse | |
Reactions and Resulting Changes | |
Sex Rings | |
Child Pornography | |
Child Prostitution | |
Profiles of Prostitutes | |
Missing Children | |
Summary | |
Endnote | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Psychological Maltreatment of Children | |
Psychological Maltreatment Defined | |
The Roots of Psychological Maltreatment | |
Characteristics of the Psychologically Maltreated Child | |
Family Dynamics | |
Difficulty in Detecting and Treating Psychological Abuse | |
Ritualistic Abuse | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Intervention: Reporting and Investigation | |
Culturally Sensitive Intervention | |
The Intervention Process | |
Reporting | |
Investigating and Validating | |
Home Visiting | |
Assessing Risk and Protective Factors | |
Children | |
Caregivers | |
Perpetrators | |
Incidence and Environment | |
Assessing Causes and Services | |
Handling Emergencies | |
Assessment Interviewing | |
Interviewing Adults | |
Interviewing Children | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Intervention: Case Management and Roles of Other Professionals | |
Case Management Considerations | |
Family Reactions | |
Custody of the Children | |
Other Professionals Involved in the Intervention Process | |
The Medical Team | |
The Legal Team | |
The Educational Team | |
The Mental Health Team | |
The Community | |
Clergy and Church Staff | |
Toward a Total Team Approach | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
The Legal Response to Child Abuse and Neglect | |
The Legal Rights of Parents and Children | |
Types of Court Intervention | |
Juvenile Court | |
Advantages and Disadvantages of Juvenile Court | |
Criminal Court | |
The Impact of Court on Children | |
Sex Offender Registration | |
The Media and the Court | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Endnote | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Treatment: Physical Abuse and Neglect | |
Preparing to Provide Treatment | |
Providing Treatment | |
Client Resistance | |
Client Response | |
Eligibility Criteria | |
Limited Community Resources | |
Treatment Methods | |
Who Provides Treatment? | |
Phases | |
Family-Centered Services | |
Shared Family Care | |
Treatment of Physically Abusive Families | |
Treatment of the Abused Child | |
Treatment of the Parents | |
Improving Parent-Child Relationships | |
Treatment of the Siblings | |
Treatment of Neglectful Families | |
Equilibrium Maintenance | |
Disequilibrium Techniques | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Treatment: Sexual Abuse | |
Issues Surrounding Treatment | |
Assumptions about the Treatment of the Sexually Abusive Family | |
Treatment Models | |
Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Programs | |
Treatment Methods | |
Issues Addressed in Family Treatment | |
Phases of Treatment | |
Treatment of Specific Family Members | |
The Child and Adolescent | |
The Mother or Nonabusing Parent | |
The Perpetrator | |
Treatment of Juvenile Offenders | |
Preservation of Incestuous Families | |
Parents of Children Abused Outside the Home | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Foster Care as a Therapeutic Tool | |
Problems with Foster Care | |
Alternatives to Foster Care | |
Therapeutic Potential in Foster Care | |
The Role and Importance of the Natural Parents | |
The Role of Foster Parents | |
Other Placement for Abused or Neglected Children | |
Residential Treatment | |
Adoptive Placement | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
The Social Worker and the System | |
A Day in the Life of a Protective Worker | |
The Role of a Protective Social Worker | |
Qualifications and Skills | |
Personal Traits | |
Responsibilities | |
Frustrations and Pressures | |
Does the System Work? | |
Looking toward the Future | |
Surviving in an Imperfect System | |
Developing Cultural Awareness and Competence | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Adults Abused as Children | |
Society's Misconceptions | |
Myth #1 | |
Myth #2 | |
Myth #3 | |
Reasons for Adults' Disclosure | |
Relationships | |
Pressures of Adulthood | |
Loss, Depression, or Trauma | |
Residual Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect | |
Effects from the Neglecting Family | |
Trust | |
Anger | |
Relational Imbalances | |
Low Self-Esteem | |
Impaired Social Skills | |
Substance Abuse | |
Physical Problems | |
Effects from the Physically Abusing Family | |
Trust | |
Anger | |
Relational Imbalances | |
Low Self-Esteem | |
Coping Skills | |
Long-Term Effects of Domestic Violence | |
Effects from a Sexually Abusing Family | |
Betrayal | |
Traumatic Sexualization | |
Stigmatization and Self-Esteem | |
Powerlessness | |
Anger | |
Relational Imbalances | |
Multiple Victimization | |
Effects from Extrafamilial Abuse | |
A Word about Resiliency | |
Treatment of Adults Who Were Abused as Children | |
Repressed Memories | |
Individual Therapy | |
Group Therapy | |
Self-Help Groups | |
Writers' Groups | |
Legal Actions | |
Therapist's Responses to Working with Survivors | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Prevention | |
Child Empowerment Models | |
Prevention Efforts in Schools | |
Life Skills Training | |
Preparation for Parenthood | |
Self-Protection Training | |
Educational Services for the Community | |
Help for At-Risk Families | |
Parent Education Models | |
Evaluating Home Visitation Programs | |
Parent/Child Screening and Prevention | |
Cuturally Sensitive Prevention | |
Prevention Efforts by Professionals | |
Prevention Efforts within the Community and Nationally | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
Toward a Better Tomorrow | |
Society, Change, and Child Protection | |
Rethinking Child Protection | |
Creating a Unified Response | |
Looking within, between, and beyond Agencies | |
Changes in Society | |
Reversing the Trend toward Socially Impoverished Families | |
Supporting Parenting | |
Realigning Societal Values | |
Facing the Future | |
Research Needs | |
Summary | |
Review Questions | |
Suggested Readings | |
Web Exploration | |
References | |
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