Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, tenth Edition, Enhanced

by Morley,Deborah

• ISBN13: 9780619267667
• ISBN10: 0619267666
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-03-01
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Give your students a dynamic introduction to computer concepts and the issues that technology brings to our everyday lives. Known for its readability and breadth of topics covered, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow will ensure that students are current and informed in order to succeed in our technocentric society. This Enhanced Edition contains a comprehensive chapter-by-chapter update section on the latest information on computer products, trends, and issues.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
MODULE Introduction	1	(84)
Introduction to the World of Computers	3	(36)
Overview	4	(1)
Computers in Your Life	4	(5)
Why Learn About Computers?	4	(1)
Computers in the Home	5	(1)
Computers in Education	6	(1)
Computers in the Workplace	7	(1)
Computers on the Go	8	(1)
What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?	9	(8)
Computers Then and Now	10	(2)
Hardware	12	(2)
Software	14	(2)
Data and Information	16	(1)
Computer Users and Professionals	16	(1)
Computer Networks and the Internet	17	(2)
The Internet	18	(1)
Accessing a Network	18	(1)
Computers to Fit Every Need	19	(9)
Mobile Devices	19	(1)
Personal Computers	19	(7)
Midrange Servers	26	(1)
Mainframe Computers	27	(1)
Supercomputers	27	(1)
Computers and Society	28	(11)
The Information Age and the New Information Revolution	28	(1)
Benefits of a Computer-Oriented Society	29	(1)
Risks of a Computer-Oriented Society	29	(1)
Summary	30	(2)
Key Terms	32	(1)
Review Activities	33	(2)
Projects	35	(4)
Using Your PC, Windows, and the Web	39	(46)
Overview	40	(1)
Starting Your Computer: The Boot Process	40	(1)
Using the Windows Operating System	41	(10)
The Windows Interface	41	(6)
Opening Windows and Starting Programs	47	(1)
Manipulating Windows	48	(3)
Shutting Down the Computer	51	(1)
Using the Internet and World Wide Web	51	(14)
What are the Internet and World Wide Web?	51	(1)
What Is a Browser?	52	(1)
Accessing the Internet	52	(2)
Internet Addresses	54	(4)
Surfing the Web	58	(4)
Using Bookmarks and the History List	62	(1)
Searching the Web	63	(2)
E-Mail and Other Types of Online Communications	65	(7)
Sending E-Mail	68	(1)
Receiving E-Mail	68	(1)
Managing E-Mail	68	(2)
Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and More	70	(1)
Netiquette	71	(1)
Societal Implications of Cyberspace	72	(13)
Security	72	(1)
Privacy	73	(1)
Differences in Online Communications	73	(1)
The Anonymity Factor	73	(2)
Information Integrity	75	(1)
Summary	76	(2)
Key Terms	78	(1)
Review Activities	79	(2)
Projects	81	(4)
MODULE Hardware	85	(134)
The System Unit: Processing and Memory	87	(46)
Overview	88	(1)
Data and Program Representation	88	(7)
Digital Data Representation	88	(1)
Representing Numerical Data: The Binary Numbering System	89	(1)
Coding Systems for Text-Based Data	90	(2)
Coding Systems for Other Types of Data	92	(3)
Representing Programs: Machine Language	95	(1)
Inside the System Unit	95	(16)
The Motherboard	96	(1)
CPU	96	(4)
Memory	100	(4)
Buses	104	(2)
Expansion Slots and Cards	106	(2)
Ports	108	(3)
How the CPU Works	111	(4)
Typical CPU Components	112	(1)
The System Clock and the Machine Cycle	113	(2)
Making Computers Faster Now and in the Future	115	(18)
Speeding Up Your System Today	115	(3)
Strategies for Making Faster Computers	118	(4)
Future Trends	122	(2)
Summary	124	(2)
Key Terms	126	(1)
Review Activities	127	(2)
Projects	129	(4)
Storage	133	(40)
Overview	134	(1)
Properties of Storage Systems	134	(3)
Storage Devices and Media	134	(1)
Non-Volatility	135	(1)
Removable vs. Fixed Media	135	(1)
Random vs. Sequential Access	135	(1)
Logical vs. Physical Representation	136	(1)
Magnetic Disk Systems	137	(13)
Floppy Disks and Drives	138	(2)
High-Capacity Removable Magnetic Disks and Drives	140	(1)
Hard Disk Drives	140	(10)
Optical Disc Systems	150	(4)
Read-Only Discs: CD-ROM and DVD-ROM Discs	152	(1)
Recordable Discs: CD-R, DVD-R, and DVD+R Discs	153	(1)
Rewritable Discs: CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD RAM, and Blue Laser Discs	154	(1)
Other Types of Storage Systems	154	(19)
Magneto-Optical Discs	154	(1)
Flash Memory Media	155	(3)
Magnetic Tape Systems	158	(1)
Remote Storage Systems	159	(1)
Smart Cards	159	(2)
Holographic Storage	161	(1)
Comparing Storage Alternatives	162	(2)
Summary	164	(2)
Key Terms	166	(1)
Review Activities	167	(2)
Projects	169	(4)
Input and Output	173	(46)
Overview	174	(1)
Input and Output	174	(1)
Keyboards	174	(2)
Pointing Devices	176	(5)
Mice	176	(1)
Electronic Pens	177	(3)
Touch Screens	180	(1)
Other Pointing Devices	181	(1)
Scanners and Related Devices	181	(8)
Scanners	183	(2)
Optical Mark Readers (OMRs)	185	(1)
Bar-Code Readers	185	(2)
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Devices	187	(1)
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Readers	187	(2)
Biometric Input Devices	189	(2)
Multimedia Input Devices	191	(4)
Digital Cameras	191	(2)
Audio Input Devices	193	(2)
Display Devices	195	(5)
Display Device Characteristics	195	(2)
CRT Monitors	197	(1)
Flat-Panel Displays	197	(1)
Smart Displays	198	(1)
HDTV Monitors	198	(1)
Data and Multimedia Projectors	199	(1)
Emerging Display Technologies and Applications	199	(1)
Printers	200	(8)
Printer Characteristics	200	(4)
Laser Printers	204	(1)
Ink-Jet Printers	205	(1)
Special-Purpose Printers	206	(2)
Fax Machines and Multifunction Devices	208	(1)
Multimedia Output Devices	208	(11)
Speakers	208	(1)
Voice-Output Systems	209	(1)
Summary	210	(2)
Key Terms	212	(1)
Review Activities	213	(2)
Projects	215	(4)
MODULE Software	219	(90)
Systems Software: Operating Systems and Utilities	221	(40)
Overview	222	(1)
System Software vs. Application Software	222	(1)
The Operating System	223	(9)
Functions of an Operating System	224	(3)
Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency	227	(3)
Differences Among Operating Systems	230	(2)
Operating Systems for Desktop PCs and Servers	232	(8)
DOS	233	(1)
Windows	234	(3)
Mac OS	237	(1)
UNIX	237	(1)
Linux	238	(1)
NetWare	239	(1)
OS/2 and OS/2 Warp	240	(1)
Solaris	240	(1)
Operating Systems for Handheld PCs and Mobile Devices	240	(2)
Embedded and Mobile Versions of Windows	240	(2)
Palm OS	242	(1)
Symbian OS	242	(1)
Operating Systems for Larger Computers	242	(1)
Utility Programs	243	(8)
File Management Programs	243	(3)
Antivirus Programs	246	(1)
Diagnostic and Disk Management Programs	246	(1)
Uninstall Utilities	247	(1)
File Compression Programs	248	(1)
Backup and Recovery Utilities	248	(2)
Encryption Programs	250	(1)
Network and Internet Utilities	250	(1)
The Future of Operating Systems	251	(10)
Summary	252	(2)
Key Terms	254	(1)
Review Activities	255	(2)
Projects	257	(4)
Application Software	261	(48)
Overview	262	(1)
The Basics of Application Software	262	(9)
Types of Application Software	262	(1)
Ownership Rights and Delivery Methods	263	(3)
Software Suites	266	(2)
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)	268	(1)
Desktop vs. Handheld PC Software	269	(1)
Getting Help	270	(1)
Word Processing Concepts	271	(5)
What Is Word Processing?	271	(1)
Creating and Editing a Word Processing Document	272	(1)
Formatting a Document	273	(2)
Graphics, Tables, and Templates	275	(1)
Word Processing and the Web	275	(1)
Spreadsheet Concepts	276	(5)
What Is a Spreadsheet?	276	(1)
Creating and Editing a Worksheet	276	(3)
Formatting a Worksheet	279	(1)
Charts and What-If Analysis	280	(1)
Spreadsheets and the Web	281	(1)
Database Concepts	281	(4)
What Is a Database?	281	(1)
Creating a Database	282	(1)
Modifying a Database	283	(1)
Queries and Reports	284	(1)
Databases and the Web	285	(1)
Presentation Graphics Concepts	285	(3)
What Is a Presentation Graphic?	285	(1)
Creating a Presentation	286	(1)
Enhancing and Finishing a Presentation	287	(1)
Presentation Graphics and the Web	288	(1)
Graphics and Multimedia Concepts	288	(9)
Multimedia Applications	289	(2)
Types of Graphics and Multimedia Software	291	(5)
Graphics, Multimedia, and the Web	296	(1)
Other Types of Application Software	297	(12)
Desktop and Personal Publishing Software	297	(1)
Accounting and Personal Finance Software	298	(1)
Educational, Entertainment, and Reference Software	298	(1)
CAD and Other Types of Design Software	298	(1)
Project Management Software	298	(2)
Summary	300	(2)
Key Terms	302	(1)
Review Activities	303	(2)
Projects	305	(4)
MODULE Networks and the Internet	309	(108)
Computer Networks	311	(52)
Overview	312	(1)
Networking and Communications Applications	312	(5)
Wireless Phones	313	(1)
Paging and Messaging	313	(1)
Global Positioning Systems (GPSs)	314	(1)
Satellite Radio	314	(1)
Online Conferencing	314	(1)
Collaborative Computing	315	(1)
Telecommuting	316	(1)
Telemedicine	316	(1)
What is a Network and How Does it Transmit Data?	317	(10)
Data Transmission Characteristics	317	(3)
Wired vs. Wireless Connections	320	(1)
Wired Network Transmission Media	320	(2)
Wireless Network Transmission Media	322	(5)
Types of Networks	327	(4)
Network Topologies	327	(1)
Network Architectures	328	(1)
LANs, WANs, and Other Types of Networks	329	(2)
Networking Hardware	331	(5)
Network Adapters	331	(1)
Modems	332	(2)
Hubs, Switches, and Other Networking Hardware	334	(2)
Communications Protocols	336	(8)
Ethernet	336	(1)
Token Ring	337	(1)
TCP/IP	337	(1)
802.11 (Wi-Fi)	338	(3)
Bluetooth	341	(1)
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)	342	(1)
Other Networking Protocols	342	(2)
Network Security Issues	344	(19)
Unauthorized Access and Use	344	(5)
Computer Sabotage	349	(5)
Summary	354	(2)
Key Terms	356	(1)
Review Activities	357	(2)
Projects	359	(4)
The Internet and World Wide Web	363	(54)
Overview	364	(1)
Evolution of the Internet	364	(7)
From Arpanet to Internet2	365	(2)
The Internet Community Today	367	(3)
Myths About the Internet	370	(1)
Getting Set Up to Use the Internet	371	(8)
Type of Device	371	(1)
Type of Connection and Internet Access	372	(5)
Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your PC	377	(2)
Searching the Internet	379	(6)
Search Sites	379	(2)
Search Strategies	381	(3)
Evaluating Search.Results	384	(1)
Citing Internet Resources	385	(1)
Beyond Browsing and E-Mail	385	(16)
Online Financial Transactions	385	(3)
Online Entertainment	388	(8)
Online News and Research	396	(1)
Online Education	397	(4)
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing	401	(1)
Censorship and Privacy Issues	401	(6)
Censorship	402	(1)
Web Browsing Privacy	402	(5)
E-Mail Privacy	407	(1)
The Future of the Internet	407	(10)
Summary	408	(2)
Key Terms	410	(1)
Review Activities	411	(2)
Projects	413	(4)
MODULE Internet Applications	417	(72)
Multimedia and the Web	419	(36)
Overview	420	(1)
What is Web-Based Multimedia?	420	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Multimedia	420	(1)
Multimedia Elements	421	(9)
Text	421	(2)
Graphics	423	(4)
Animation	427	(1)
Audio	427	(3)
Video	430	(1)
Multimedia Web Site Design	430	(8)
Basic Design Principles	430	(2)
Determining the Intended Audience and Objectives	432	(1)
Using Flowcharts, Page Layouts, and Storyboards	433	(1)
Navigational Design Considerations	433	(3)
Access Considerations	436	(2)
Multimedia Web Site Development	438	(7)
Creating the Multimedia Elements	438	(1)
Creating the Web Site	438	(6)
Testing and Maintaining the Site	444	(1)
The Future of Web-Based Multimedia	445	(10)
Summary	446	(2)
Key Terms	448	(1)
Review Activities	449	(2)
Projects	451	(4)
E-Commerce	455	(34)
Overview	456	(1)
What is E-Commerce?	456	(5)
Benefits of E-Commerce	458	(2)
Risks of E-Commerce	460	(1)
Types of E-Commerce Web Sites	461	(3)
Manufacturer and E-Tailer Web Sites	462	(1)
Brokerage Sites	462	(2)
E-Commerce Business Models	464	(2)
Business to Consumer (B2C)	464	(1)
Business to Business (B2B)	465	(1)
Consumer to Consumer (C2C)	465	(1)
Business to Government (B2G)	465	(1)
Intermediary Hubs	466	(1)
Implementing Web-Based E-Commerce	466	(13)
Step 1: Select Appropriate Business Models and Types of Web Sites	467	(1)
Step 2: Select Desired E-Commerce Applications	467	(1)
Step 3: Develop Procedures for Handling Electronic Financial Transactions	467	(7)
Step 4: Design and Develop an Effective Web Site	474	(1)
Step 5: Implement Appropriate Sales and Marketing Strategies	475	(4)
Security Issues	479	(10)
Summary	480	(2)
Key Terms	482	(1)
Review Activities	483	(2)
Projects	485	(4)
MODULE Systems	489	(126)
Information Systems and System Development	491	(42)
Overview	492	(1)
What Is an Information System?	492	(1)
Who Uses Information Systems?	493	(1)
Executive Management	493	(1)
Middle Management	494	(1)
Operational Management	494	(1)
Non-Management Workers	494	(1)
Types of Information Systems	494	(15)
Office Systems	494	(1)
Transaction Processing Systems	495	(3)
Management Information Systems (MISs)	498	(1)
Decision Support Systems (DSSs)	498	(1)
Geographical Information Systems (GISs)	498	(1)
Enterprise-Wide and Inter-Enterprise Systems	499	(5)
Design and Manufacturing Systems	504	(1)
Artificial Intelligence Systems	504	(5)
Responsibility for System Development	509	(4)
The Information Systems Department	511	(1)
Outsourcing Companies	511	(2)
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)	513	(9)
Preliminary Investigation	514	(1)
System Analysis	515	(2)
System Design	517	(2)
System Acquisition	519	(1)
System Implementation	520	(2)
System Maintenance	522	(1)
Approaches to System Development	522	(11)
The Traditional Approach	522	(1)
Prototyping	523	(1)
End-User Development	523	(1)
Summary	524	(2)
Key Terms	526	(1)
Review Activities	527	(2)
Projects	529	(4)
Program Development and Programming Languages	533	(44)
Overview	534	(1)
The Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)	534	(20)
Problem Analysis	535	(1)
Program Design	536	(10)
Program Coding	546	(4)
Program Debugging and Testing	550	(3)
Program Maintenance	553	(1)
Tools for Facilitating Program Development	554	(2)
Application Generators	554	(1)
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)	555	(1)
Software-Asset Management Tools	555	(1)
Rapid-Application Development (RAD)	555	(1)
Programming Languages	556	(21)
What Is a Programming Language?	556	(1)
Categories of Programming Languages	556	(3)
Popular Programming Languages	559	(9)
Summary	568	(2)
Key Terms	570	(1)
Review Activities	571	(2)
Projects	573	(4)
Databases and Databases Management Systems	577	(38)
Overview	578	(1)
What Is a Database?	578	(4)
Relational Databases: A Simple Example	579	(1)
Individuals Involved with a Database Management System	580	(1)
The Evolution of Databases	581	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Database Approach	581	(1)
Data Concepts and Characteristics	582	(9)
Data Hierarchy	584	(1)
Entity Relationships	584	(1)
Data Definition	584	(2)
The Data Dictionary	586	(1)
Data Integrity and Security	587	(1)
Data Organization	588	(3)
Database Classifications	591	(2)
Single-User vs. Multiuser Systems	591	(1)
Client-Server Systems	591	(1)
N-Tier Database Systems	591	(1)
Centralized vs. Distributed Database Systems	592	(1)
In-Memory Databases	592	(1)
Database Models	593	(8)
The Hierarchical and Network Database Models	593	(1)
The Relational Database Model	593	(5)
The Object-Oriented Database Model	598	(3)
Multidimensional Databases	601	(1)
Databases and the Web	601	(14)
Examples of Web Databases in Use	601	(3)
How Web Databases Work	604	(2)
Summary	606	(2)
Key Terms	608	(1)
Review Activities	609	(2)
Projects	611	(4)
MODULE Computers and Society	615
Computer Security and Privacy	617	(46)
Overview	618	(1)
Computer Crime and Other Security Concerns	618	(9)
Hardware Theft, Damage, and System Failure	619	(1)
Unauthorized Access, Unauthorized Use, and Computer Sabotage	620	(1)
Online Theft, Fraud, and Other Dot Cons	620	(4)
Software Piracy and Digital Counterfeiting	624	(1)
Personal Safety Issues	625	(2)
Security Safeguards	627	(11)
Secure Hardware and Prepare for Disasters	627	(2)
Secure Facilities, Transmissions, and Transactions	629	(5)
Protect Against Security Breaches, Online Theft, Fraud, and Other Dot Cons	634	(2)
Protect Against Software Piracy and Digital Counterfeiting	636	(1)
Use Personal Safety Precautions	637	(1)
Privacy Concerns	638	(8)
Web Browsing and E-Mail Privacy	638	(1)
Databases and Electronic Profiling	638	(2)
Spam and Other Marketing Activities	640	(2)
Electronic Surveillance and Monitoring	642	(4)
Privacy Safeguards	646	(5)
Protect Web Browsing and E-Mail Privacy	646	(1)
Protect Personal Information	647	(3)
Protect Workplace Privacy	650	(1)
Security and Privacy Legislation	651	(12)
Summary	654	(2)
Key Terms	656	(1)
Review Activities	657	(2)
Projects	659	(4)
Intellectual Property Rights, Ethics, Health, Access, and the Environment	663
Overview	664	(1)
Intellectual Property Rights	664	(4)
Copyrights	664	(1)
Trademarks	665	(2)
Patents	667	(1)
Ethics	668	(10)
Ethical Use of Copyrighted Material	669	(2)
Ethical Use of Resources and Information	671	(2)
Computer Hoaxes and Digital Manipulation	673	(2)
Ethical Business Practices and Decision Making	675	(3)
Computers and Health	678	(8)
Physical Health	678	(4)
Emotional Health	682	(4)
Access to Technology	686	(5)
The Digital Divide	686	(2)
Assistive Technology	688	(3)
Environmental Concerns	691	(4)
Green Computing	691	(1)
Recycling and Disposal of Computing Equipment	692	(3)
Related Legislation	695
Summary	696	(2)
Key Terms	698	(1)
Review Activities	699	(2)
Projects	701
2005 Update
Introduction	1	(1)
Introduction to the World of Computers	2	(2)
Using Your PC, Windows, and the Web	4	(2)
Module Hardware
The System Unit: Processing and Memory	6	(2)
Storage	8	(2)
Input and Output	10	(2)
Module Software
Systems Software: Operating Systems and Utilities	12	(2)
Application Software	14	(2)
Module Networks and the Internet
Computer Networks	16	(2)
The Internet and World Wide Web	18	(2)
Module Internet Applications
Multimedia and the Web	20	(2)
E-Commerce	22	(2)
Module Systems
Information Systems and System Development	24	(2)
Program Development and Programming Languages	26	(2)
Databases and Database Management Systems	28	(2)
Module Computers and Society
Computer Security and Privacy	30	(2)
Intellectual Property Rights, Ethics, Health, Access, and the Environment	32
References and Resources Guide	1	(1)
Computer History Timeline	2	(5)
A Look at Numbering Systems	7	(4)
The Decimal and Binary Numbering System	7	(1)
The Hexadecimal Numbering System	7	(1)
Converting Between Numbering Systems	8	(1)
Computer Arithmetic	9	(1)
Using a Scientific Calculator	10	(1)
Coding Charts	11	(2)
ASCII and EBCDIC	11	(1)
Unicode	12	(1)
CPU Characteristics	13	(1)
Guide to Buying a PC	14	(5)
Analyzing Needs	14	(1)
Listing Alternatives	15	(2)
System Troubleshooting and Upgrading	17	(2)
Web Guide	19	(4)
Web Searching Tips: A Closer Look at Google	23	(2)
Google Search Options	23	(1)
Google Advanced Search	23	(1)
Other Google Tools	24	(1)
Answers to Self-Quiz	25
Credits	1	(1)
Glossary/Index	1