Understanding EKGs : A Practical Approach

by Beasley, Brenda M.

• ISBN13: 9780835985710
• ISBN10: 0835985717
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This book was written to assist the novice user in understandin basic EKG interpretation. It is a useful guide to the understanding of abnormal heart rhythms, and the material is presented in a simple, straightforward manner that achieves the understanding of each chapter prior to proceeding to the next chapter. Topics covered in this book include a general overview of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, basic electrophysiology, the electrocardiogram, interpretation of the EKG strip, sinus rhythms, atrial rhythms, junctional rhythms, ventricular rhythms, heart block rhythms, pacemaker rhythms, and assessment and treatment of patients with cardiovascular emergencies. For prehospital care providers, medical students, cardiac care monitor techs, ACLS candidates, nursing professionals, physician assistants, and respiratory therapists.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
The Anatomy of the Heart (Structure)	1	(9)
Objectives	1	(1)
Anatomy of the Heart	1	(1)
Location, Size, and Shape of the Heart	2	(1)
Layers of the Heart	3	(1)
Valves of the Heart	4	(1)
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries	5	(2)
Pulmonary Circulation	7	(1)
Systemic Circulation	8	(1)
Review Questions	8	(2)
Cardiovascular Physiology (Function)	10	(8)
Objectives	10	(1)
Blood Flow through the Heart	11	(1)
Cardiac Cycle	11	(1)
Stroke Volume	12	(1)
Cardiac Output	12	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System	13	(1)
Receptors and Neurotransmitters	14	(2)
Review Questions	16	(2)
Basic Electrophysiology	18	(8)
Objectives	18	(1)
Basic Cell Groups	19	(1)
Primary Cardiac Cell Characteristics	19	(1)
Major Electrolytes That Affect Cardiac Function	20	(1)
Movement of Ions	21	(1)
Cardiac Depolarization	21	(1)
Cardiac Repolarization	22	(1)
Refractory Periods	23	(1)
Review Questions	24	(2)
The Electrical Conduction System	26	(5)
Objectives	26	(1)
The SA Node	27	(1)
Internodal Pathways	28	(1)
Bachmann's Bundle	28	(1)
The AV Node	28	(1)
The AV Junction	28	(1)
Bundle of His	28	(1)
Bundle Branches	29	(1)
Purkinje's Network	29	(1)
Review Questions	29	(2)
The Electrocardiogram	31	(9)
Objectives	31	(1)
The Electrocardiogram	32	(1)
The Electrical Basis of the EKG	32	(1)
EKG Leads	33	(2)
EKG Graph Paper	35	(1)
EKG Waveforms	35	(3)
Review Questions	38	(2)
Interpretation of an EKG Strip	40	(10)
Objectives	40	(1)
General Rules	41	(1)
The Five-Step Approach	41	(5)
The ST Segment	46	(1)
The T Wave	47	(1)
The U Wave	47	(1)
Artifacts	47	(1)
Review Questions	48	(2)
Introducing the Sinus Rhythms	50	(11)
Objectives	50	(1)
Origin of the Sinus Rhythms	51	(1)
Components of the Electrical Conduction System of the Heart	51	(1)
Normal Sinus Rhythm	52	(1)
Sinus Bradycardia Rhythm	53	(1)
Sinus Tachycardia Rhythm	54	(1)
Sinus Dysrhythmia	55	(2)
Sinus Arrest Rhythm	57	(1)
Clinical Significance of Sinus Rhythms	58	(1)
Review Questions	59	(2)
Introducing the Atrial Rhythms	61	(15)
Objectives	61	(1)
Origin of the Atrial Rhythms	62	(1)
Review Components of the Electrical Conduction System of the Heart	62	(1)
Wandering Atrial Pacemaker Rhythm	62	(2)
Premature Atrial Contractions (Complexes)	64	(1)
Reentry Dysrhythmias	65	(1)
Atrial Flutter Rhythm	66	(2)
Atrial Fibrillation Rhythm	68	(2)
Supraventricular Tachycardia Rhythms	70	(1)
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome	71	(1)
Clinical Significance of Atrial Rhythms	72	(1)
Review Questions	73	(3)
Introducing the Junctional Rhythms	76	(10)
Objectives	76	(1)
Origin of Junctional Rhythms	77	(1)
Review of the Electrical Conduction System	77	(1)
Premature Junctional Contractions	77	(2)
Junctional Escape Rhythms	79	(1)
Accelerated Junctional Rhythms	80	(2)
Junctional Tachycardia Rhythms	82	(1)
Clinical Significance of Junctional Rhythms	83	(1)
Review Questions	84	(2)
Introducing the Ventricular Rhythms	86	(16)
Objectives	86	(1)
Review of the Heart's Electrical Conduction System	86	(1)
Origin of Ventricular Rhythms	87	(1)
Premature Ventricular Complexes (Contractions)	88	(4)
Idioventricular Rhythm	92	(1)
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm	92	(1)
Ventricular Tachycardia	93	(2)
Ventricular Fibrillation	95	(2)
Ventricular Asystole	97	(1)
Pulseless Electrical Activity	98	(1)
Clinical Significance of Ventricular Dysrhythmias	98	(2)
Review Questions	100	(2)
Introducing the Heart Block Rhythms	102	(12)
Objectives	102	(1)
First-Degree AV Block	103	(1)
Second-Degree Heart Blocks	104	(4)
Third-Degree AV Block (Complete)	108	(2)
Clinical Significance of the Heart Block Rhythms	110	(1)
Review Questions	111	(3)
Introducing the Pacemaker Rhythms	114	(7)
Objectives	114	(1)
Temporary Pacing	115	(1)
Permanent Pacing	116	(1)
Indications for Pacing	117	(1)
Rules for Interpretation of Pacemaker Rhythms	117	(1)
Common Problems Associated with Pacemakers	117	(2)
Review Questions	119	(2)
Introducing the Rhythm Family: A Lighter Approach	121	(10)
Normal Sinus Rhythm	121	(1)
Sinus Bradycardia	122	(1)
Sinus Tachycardia	123	(1)
Atrial Fibrillation	123	(1)
Atrial Flutter	124	(1)
First-Degree Heart Block	125	(1)
Second-Degree Heart Block (I)	125	(1)
Second-Degree Heart Block (II)	126	(1)
Third-Degree Heart Block	127	(1)
Premature Ventricular Contractions	127	(1)
Ventricular Tachycardia	128	(1)
Ventricular Fibrillation	129	(1)
Asystole	129	(2)
More Review Questions	131	(16)
Review EKG Strips	147	(18)
Appendix 1: Answers to Review Questions	165	(4)
Chapter 1	165	(1)
Chapter 2	165	(1)
Chapter 3	165	(1)
Chapter 4	165	(1)
Chapter 5	165	(1)
Chapter 6	166	(1)
Chapter 7	166	(1)
Chapter 8	166	(1)
Chapter 9	166	(1)
Chapter 10	166	(1)
Chapter 11	166	(1)
Chapter 12	167	(1)
Chapter 14	167	(2)
Appendix 2: Answers to Review Questions: (EKG Review Strips)	169	(10)
Index	179