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Understanding Environmental Administration and Law provides an engaging, introductory overview of environmental policy. Author Susan J. Buck explores the process through which policy is made, the political environment in which it is applied, and the statutory and case laws that are critical to working within the regulatory system.

Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

xiii

The American Legal System

1

(15)

Sources of Law

2

(4)

The Common Law

2

(2)

Statutes and Ordinances

4

(1)

Rules and Regulations

4

(1)

The Constitution

5

(1)

Judicial Decision Making

6

(3)

Statutory Interpretation

6

(2)

Judicial Precedents

8

(1)

Applying Constitutional Principles

8

(1)

Federalism

9

(7)

Case Study: Tangier Sound (1982)

12

(4)

Environmentalism in the United States

16

(18)

Beginnings of the Environmental Movement

16

(2)

National Environmental Policy Act

18

(3)

Mandating a National Policy

18

(1)

Establishing Action-Forcing Requirements

18

(1)

Council on Environmental Quality

19

(1)

The Calvert Cliffs Case (1971)

20

(1)

Formation of the Environmental Protection Agency

21

(1)

The Environmental Decade: The 1970s

22

(1)

Environmental Action in the Eighties

23

(3)

The Final Decade of the Twentieth Century

26

(8)

The Public Policy Process

34

(27)

Types of Public Policy

34

(4)

Distributive Policy

35

(1)

Competitive Regulatory Policy

35

(1)

Protective Regulatory Policy

36

(1)

Redistributive Policy

37

(1)

Environmental Policy

37

(1)

The Mechanics of Public Policy

38

(2)

Agenda Setting

40

(3)

Systemic and Institutional Agendas

40

(2)

Reaching the Decision Agenda

42

(1)

Policy Formulation and Legitimation

43

(5)

Problem Definition

44

(1)

Formulation

45

(1)

Legitimation

46

(2)

Implementation

48

(8)

Bureaucratic Resources

48

(1)

Administrative Discretion

49

(3)

Variables Affecting Implementation

52

(1)

Implementing Environmental Policy

53

(3)

Evaluation

56

(5)

Legal Concepts in Environmental Law

61

(28)

Understanding Case Law

61

(5)

Briefing a Case

64

(2)

Standing

66

(3)

Nuisance

69

(2)

Property: Issues of Land Use Law

71

(10)

Origins of Land Use Control

71

(3)

Eminent Domain

74

(2)

Due Process

76

(3)

Zoning

79

(1)

Regulation versus Taking

80

(1)

Public Trust Doctrine

81

(8)

Pollution Control and Hazardous and Toxic Substances

89

(28)

The Administrative Procedure Act

89

(10)

Definitions of Terms

91

(1)

Fair Information Practices

92

(1)

Rulemaking

92

(4)

Cost-Benefit Analysis

96

(1)

Administrative Adjudication

97

(1)

Judicial Review

98

(1)

Controlling Pollution

99

(8)

Air Pollution

99

(5)

Water Pollution

104

(3)

Hazardous and Toxic Substances

107

(5)

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1947

108

(1)

The Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act

108

(1)

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

109

(1)

Toxic Substances Control Act

109

(1)

Superfund and SARA

110

(2)

A Recommendation for the Future

112

(5)

Managing Wildlife and Public Lands

117

(38)

Federal-State Cooperative Wildlife Management

117

(8)

The Rise and Fall of the State Ownership Doctrine

117

(5)

Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Pittman-Robertson) Act

122

(2)

Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Dingell-Johnson) Act

124

(1)

Other Federal-State Programs

124

(1)

Federal Wildlife Programs

125

(12)

Regulating the Taking of Wildlife

125

(4)

Conservation of Endangered Species

129

(2)

Marine Mammal Protection Act

131

(2)

Federal Acquisition and Management of Wildlife Habitat

133

(4)

Public Lands

137

(18)

Acquisition

139

(1)

Disposal

140

(1)

Reservation

140

(1)

Custodial and Intensive Management

140

(2)

Consultation and Confrontation

142

(1)

Case Study: Fisheating Creek

143

(12)

International Environmental Policy and Law

155

(30)

International Organizations

157

(4)

The United Nations

157

(3)

Nongovernmental Organizations

160

(1)

International and Global Commons

161

(24)

Property Rights and Regimes

162

(2)

Oceans

164

(4)

Atmosphere

168

(6)

Antarctica

174

(11)

Afterword

185

(8)

Finding Case Law

189

(4)

Acronyms

193

(4)

List of Cases

197

(4)

Legislation

201

(8)

Bibliography

209

(10)

Index

219

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