Understanding the First Amendment

by Weaver, Russell L.; Lively, Donald E.

• ISBN13: 9780820553856
• ISBN10: 0820553859
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-02-01
• Publisher: Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender

Table of Contents

Acknowledgment	v
The Origins and Nature of the First Amendment
Backdrop To The First Amendment	1	(4)
Pre-Colonial Developments	2	(2)
Colonial Developments	4	(1)
Adoption Of The First Amendment	5	(1)
Development Of The First Amendment	6	(3)
An Early Tradition of Suppression	7	(1)
Judicial Review and the First Amendment	8	(1)
First Amendment Values	9	(3)
Understanding And Applying First Amendment Standards Of Review	12	(4)
Speech	13	(1)
Press	14	(1)
Religion	15	(1)
Establishment	15	(1)
Free Exercise	15	(1)
A Sample Analysis	16	(1)
The Problem	16	(1)
An Analytical Roadmap	16	(1)
The First Amendment In Summary	17	(2)
Speech Advocating Violent or Illegal Action
Formative Case Law	19	(4)
Toward A More Speech Protective Standard	23	(2)
Doctrinal Uncertainty	25	(1)
The Modern Standard Of Review	26	(5)
Content Regulation
Basic Concepts And Applications	31	(1)
Fighting Words	32	(1)
Defamation	33	(10)
Traditional Doctrine and Seeds of Change	34	(1)
Defamation as Protected Expression: The Actual Malice Requirement	35	(1)
Public Officials	35	(2)
Public Figures	37	(1)
The Outer Limits of the Actual Malice Standard	38	(2)
The Public Figure Concept Refined	40	(1)
The Not Entirely Irrelevant Public Concern Factor	41	(1)
Second Thoughts on the Actual Malice Standard	42	(1)
Fact and Opinion	42	(1)
Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress	43	(3)
Privacy	46	(5)
Publication of Personal Information	47	(2)
False Light Privacy	49	(1)
Right of Publicity	50	(1)
Obscenity	51	(8)
The Definitional Challenge	51	(2)
Doctrinal Chaos	53	(1)
Miller Amplifications and Applications	54	(1)
Prurient Interest and Community Standards	55	(1)
Patent Offensiveness Specified	55	(1)
Speech Value	56	(1)
Obscenity's Safe Harbor	56	(3)
Content Regulation: Other Candidates for Categorical Exclusion or Limited Protection
``Offensive'' Speech	59	(5)
Child Pornography	64	(6)
Pornography as Discrimination Against Women	70	(4)
Commercial Speech	74	(11)
The Backdrop to Modern Commercial Speech Doctrine	75	(1)
Commercial Speech as Protected Expression	76	(1)
The Standard of Review	77	(5)
Special Circumstances: Lawyer Advertising	82	(3)
Overbreadth, Vagueness & Prior Restraints
Overbreadth And Vagueness	85	(3)
Overbreadth	86	(1)
Vagueness	87	(1)
Prior Restraints	88	(20)
Licensing	89	(1)
Overview	89	(1)
Motion Picture Licensing	90	(3)
Non-Licensing Notifications	93	(1)
Parade Permits	93	(1)
Licensing Fundraisers	94	(1)
Newsrack Licensing	94	(1)
Injunctions	95	(1)
Overview	95	(2)
Prior Restraints and National Security	97	(3)
Injunctions Against Abortion Protests	100	(4)
Prior Restraints on Commercial Speech	104	(4)
Content Neutrality
Speech Intertwined With Conduct	108	(3)
Secondary Effects	111	(2)
Public Forums	113	(8)
Traditional Public Forum	114	(4)
Designated Public Forums	118	(1)
Reserved Forums	119	(2)
Private Property	121	(4)
Testing the Boundaries of Doctrine
Religious Speech	125	(4)
``Hate'' Speech	129	(8)
Early Precedent	129	(1)
R.A.V.	130	(3)
Sentence Enhancement	133	(2)
Campus Speech Codes	135	(2)
Campaign Finance Laws	137	(22)
Contribution and Expenditure Limitations	137	(11)
Corporate Contributions and Expenditures	148	(5)
Independent Political Action Committee Expenditures	153	(4)
Recent Amendments	157	(2)
Freedom of Association and Compelled Expression
The Right To Associate	159	(11)
Early Precedent	159	(1)
The House Un-American Activities Committee	160	(2)
Claiborne Hardware	162	(1)
Compelled Admission to Membership	162	(8)
``Fusio'' Candidates	170	(1)
The Right ``Not To Speak''	170	(6)
Overview	170	(3)
Parade Inclusion-Exclusion	173	(1)
Compelled Financial Support for Expression	174	(2)
Unconstitutional Conditions	176	(2)
The Other Side Of The Right To Be Let Alone	178	(5)
The Government as Employer, Educator and Source of Funds
First Amendment Rights Of Public Employees	183	(17)
Prohibiting Electioneering	183	(4)
Other Employee Speech	187	(8)
Governmental Employee Associational Rights	195	(5)
The First Amendment In The Public Schools	200	(8)
Student Free Speech Rights	200	(8)
Government Financed Speech	208	(9)
Overview	208	(3)
The National Endowment for the Arts	211	(2)
Legal Services Corporation Funding	213	(4)
Rights of the Press
Overview: The Significance of the Press Clause	217	(2)
Reporter's Privilege	219	(2)
Newsroom Searches	221	(1)
Access to Prisons	222	(1)
Access to Judicial Proceedings	223	(2)
Media And Fair Trials	225	(8)
The Problem of Prejudicial Publicity	225	(2)
Cameras in the Courtroom	227	(6)
Media Technology and the First Amendment
Print	233	(1)
Broadcasting	234	(5)
Fairness Regulation	234	(3)
Regulation of Indecent Programming	237	(2)
Cable Television	239	(4)
Must Carriage	240	(1)
Regulation of Indecent Programming	241	(2)
Telecommunication	243	(1)
Regulation as a Common Carrier	243	(1)
Indecency Regulation	243	(1)
Internet	244	(3)
The Establishment Clause
Financial Aid To Religion	247	(19)
Early Cases	248	(3)
The Lemon Test and Doctrinal Turmoil	251	(3)
Other Applications of the Lemon Test	254	(2)
Criticism of Lemon's Three-Part Test	256	(2)
Agostini, Mitchell & Continued Doctrinal Turmoil	258	(1)
Agostini's Modification of Lemon	258	(4)
Mitchell and Neutrality	262	(3)
Agostini and Mitchell's Impact	265	(1)
School Vouchers	266	(12)
State Sponsored Prayer	278	(10)
In Public Schools	278	(2)
Moment of Silence Laws	280	(3)
Legislative Prayer	283	(1)
Graduation Prayer	284	(4)
Prayer at Athletic Events	288	(1)
Curricular Issues	288	(7)
Bible Readings	289	(2)
Evolution	291	(2)
Balanced Treatment of Creation Science	293	(2)
Official Acknowledgment	295	(10)
The Ten Commandments	296	(1)
Church Vetoes	297	(1)
Holiday Displays	298	(6)
Swearing Belief in God	304	(1)
Day of Rest	304	(1)
Establishment-Free Exercise And Free Speech Tension	305	(12)
Kiryas Joel and Special School Districts	305	(4)
Prohibitions Against Discrimination	309	(1)
Armed Forces Chaplains	309	(1)
Speech and Religion	310	(2)
Religious Instruction in Public Schools	312	(1)
Use of Public School Facilities	312	(1)
Vocational Assistance to the Handicapped	313	(1)
Funding of Non-Profit Private Organizations	314	(3)
The Free Exercise Clause
Burdens On Religion	317	(16)
Early Cases	317	(2)
From Sherbert to Smith	319	(6)
Modern Cases	325	(8)
Discrimination Against Religion	333
Table of Cases	1	(1)
Index	1