Understanding Human Structure and Function

by Scanlon, Valerie C.

• ISBN13: 9780803602366
• ISBN10: 0803602367
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-02-01
• Publisher: F a Davis Co

Summary

Understanding Human Structure and Function makes anatomy and physiology readily accessible to students with diverse backgrounds and varying levels of educational preparation. This book offers a simple, straightforward presentation of anatomy and physiology that is organized by body system, without coverage of pathophysiological conditions.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Organization and General Plan of the Body	1	(17)
Levels of Organization	2	(7)
Homeostasis	9	(1)
Terminology and General Plan of the Body	9	(9)
Chapter 2 Some Basic Chemistry	18	(21)
Elements	19	(1)
Atoms	19	(2)
Chemical Bonds	21	(2)
Chemical Reactions	23	(1)
Inorganic Compounds of Importance	24	(4)
Organic Compounds of Importance	28	(11)
Chapter 3 Cells	39	(16)
Cell Structure	40	(3)
Cellular Transport Mechanisms	43	(3)
The Genetic Code and Protien Synthesis	46	(3)
Cell Division	49	(6)
Chapter 4 Tissues and Membranes	55	(18)
Epithelial Tissue	56	(3)
Connective Tissue	59	(5)
Muscle Tissue	64	(2)
Nerve Tissue	66	(1)
Membranes	67	(6)
Chapter 5 The Integumentary System	73	(9)
The Skin	74	(5)
Subcutaneous Tissue	79	(1)
Aging and the Integumentary System	79	(3)
Chapter 6 The Skeletal System	82	(26)
Functions of the Skeleton	83	(1)
Types of Bone Tissue	83	(1)
Classification of Bones	83	(2)
Embryonic Growth of Bone	85	(2)
Factors That Affect Bone Growth and Maintenance	87	(1)
The Skeleton	88	(14)
Joints--Articulations	102	(2)
Aging and the Skeletal System	104	(4)
Chapter 7 The Muscular System	108	(21)
Muscle Structure	109	(2)
Muscle Tone	111	(1)
Muscle Sense	112	(1)
Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction	112	(1)
Muscle Fiber--Microscopic Structure	113	(3)
Mechanism of Contraction--Sliding Filament Theory	116	(1)
Responses to Exercise--Maintaining Homeostasis	116	(2)
Aging and the Muscular System	118	(1)
Major Muscles of the Body	118	(11)
Chapter 8 The Nervous System	129	(28)
Nervous System Divisions	130	(1)
Nerve Tissue	130	(3)
Types of Neurons	133	(2)
Nerves and Nerve Tracts	135	(1)
The Nerve Impulse	135	(1)
The Spinal Cord	136	(4)
The Brain	140	(6)
Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid	146	(1)
Cranial Nerves	146	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	146	(6)
Aging and the Nervous System	152	(5)
Chapter 9 The Senses	157	(19)
Sensory Pathway	158	(1)
Characteristics of Sensations	158	(1)
Cutaneous Senses	159	(1)
Muscle Sense	160	(1)
Sense of Taste	160	(1)
Sense of Smell	160	(2)
Hunger and Thirst	162	(1)
The Eye	162	(6)
The Ear	168	(4)
Aging and the Senses	172	(4)
Chapter 10 The Endocrine System	176	(19)
Hormone Structure	177	(1)
Regulation of Hormone Secretion	177	(2)
The Pituitary Gland	179	(3)
Thyroid Gland	182	(3)
Parathyroid Glands	185	(1)
Pancreas	185	(2)
Adrenal Glands	187	(2)
Ovaries	189	(1)
Testes	190	(1)
Other Hormones	190	(1)
Aging and the Endocrine System	190	(5)
Chapter 11 Blood	195	(15)
Characteristics of Blood	196	(1)
Plasma	196	(2)
Blood Cells	198	(12)
Chapter 12 The Heart	210	(14)
Location and Pericardial Membranes	211	(1)
Chambers--Vessels and Valves	211	(3)
Coronary Vessels	214	(1)
Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds	214	(1)
Cardiac Conduction Pathway	215	(1)
Heart Rate	216	(2)
Cardiac Output	218	(1)
Regulation of Heart Rate	218	(2)
Aging and the Heart	220	(4)
Chapter 13 The Vascular System	224	(22)
Arteries	225	(1)
Veins	225	(2)
Capillaries	227	(1)
Pathways of Circulation	227	(12)
Blood Pressure	239	(2)
Regulation of Blood Pressure	241	(1)
Aging and the Vascular System	242	(4)
Chapter 14 The Lymphatic System and Immunity	246	(17)
Lymph	247	(1)
Lymph Vessels	247	(1)
Lymph Nodes and Nodules	247	(5)
Spleen	252	(1)
Thymus	252	(1)
Immunity	253	(6)
Aging and the Lymphatic System	259	(4)
Chapter 15 The Respiratory System	263	(20)
Divisions of the Respiratory System	264	(6)
Mechanism of Breathing	270	(2)
Exchange of Gases	272	(1)
Transport of Gases in the Blood	273	(1)
Pulmonary Volumes	274	(1)
Regulation of Respiration	275	(2)
Respiration and Acid-Base Balance	277	(1)
Aging and the Respiratory System	278	(5)
Chapter 16 The Digestive System	283	(22)
Divisions of the Digestive System	284	(1)
Types of Digestion	284	(2)
Oral Cavity	286	(2)
Pharynx	288	(1)
Esophagus	288	(1)
Structural Layers of the Alimentary Tube	289	(1)
Stomach	289	(3)
Small Intestine	292	(1)
Liver	292	(1)
Gallbladder	292	(1)
Pancreas	292	(2)
Completion of Digestion and Absorption	294	(3)
Large Intestine	297	(1)
Other Functions of the Liver	298	(3)
Aging and the Digestive System	301	(4)
Chapter 17 Body Temperature and Metabolism	305	(18)
Body Temperature	306	(4)
Metabolism	310	(9)
Aging and Metabolism	319	(4)
Chapter 18 The Urinary System	323	(17)
Kidneys	324	(4)
Formation of Urine	328	(4)
The Kidneys and Acid-Base Balance	332	(1)
Other Functions of the Kidneys	332	(1)
Elimination of Urine	333	(1)
Characteristics of Urine	334	(2)
Aging and the Urinary System	336	(4)
Chapter 19 Fluid-Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance	340	(12)
Water Compartments	341	(1)
Water Intake and Output	342	(2)
Electrolytes	344	(2)
Acid-Base Balance	346	(2)
Aging and Fluid and pH Regulation	348	(4)
Chapter 20 The Reproductive Systems	352	(19)
Meiosis	353	(3)
Male Reproductive System	356	(4)
Female Reproductive System	360	(7)
Aging and the Reproductive Systems	367	(4)
Chapter 21 Human Development and Genetics	371	(20)
Human Development	372	(9)
Genetics	381	(10)
Appendices	391	(15)
A Units of Measure	391	(3)
B Abbreviations	394	(2)
C Normal Values for Some Commonly Used Blood Tests	396	(2)
D Normal Values for Some Commonly Used Urine Tests	398	(1)
E Suggestions for Further Reading	399	(1)
F Prefixes, Combining Word Roots, and Suffixes Used in Medical Terminology	400	(4)
G Eponymous Terms	404	(2)
Glossary	406	(35)
Index	441