Understanding Intelligence

by Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier

• ISBN13: 9780262661256
• ISBN10: 026266125X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-09-01
• Publisher: Bradford Books

Summary

The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Part I The Study of Intelligence---Foundations and Issues	1	(78)
The Study of Intelligence	3	(32)
Characterizing Intelligence	6	(15)
Studying Intelligence: The Synthetic Approach	21	(14)
Foundations of Classical Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science	35	(24)
Cognitive Science: Preliminaries	35	(4)
The Cognitivistic Paradigm	39	(8)
An Architecture for an Intelligent Agent	47	(12)
The Fundamental Problems of Classical Al and Cognitive Science	59	(20)
Real Worlds versus Virtual Worlds	59	(4)
Some Well-Known Problems with Classical Systems	63	(1)
The Fundamental Problems of Classical Al	64	(10)
Remedies and Alternatives	74	(5)
Part II A Framework for Embodied Cognitive Science	79	(100)
Embodied Cognitive Science: Basic Concepts	81	(58)
Complete Autonomous Agents	82	(17)
Biological and Artificial Agents	99	(12)
Designing for Emergence---Logic-Based and Embodied Systems	111	(16)
Explaining Behavior	127	(12)
Neural Networks for Adaptive Behavior	139	(40)
From Biological to Artificial Neural Networks	140	(3)
The Four or Five Basics	143	(9)
Distributed Adaptive Control	152	(15)
Types of Neural Networks	167	(5)
Beyond Information Processing: A Polemic Digression	172	(7)
Part III Approaches and Agent Examples	179	(118)
Braitenberg Vehicles	181	(18)
Motivation	181	(1)
The Fourteen Vehicles	182	(13)
Segmentation of Behavior and the Extended Braitenberg Architecture	195	(4)
The Subsumption Architecture	199	(28)
Behavior-Based Robotics	201	(1)
Designing a Subsumption-Based Robot	202	(4)
Examples of Subsumption-Based Architectures	206	(13)
Conclusions: The Subsumption Approach to Designing Intelligent Systems	219	(8)
Artificial Evolution and Artificial Life	227	(50)
Basic Principles	230	(4)
An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms: Evolving a Neural Controller for an Autonomous Agent	234	(6)
Examples of Artificially Evolved Agents	240	(10)
Toward Biological Plausibility: Cell Growth from Genome-Based Cell-to-Cell Communication	250	(5)
Real Robots, Evolution of Hardware, and Simulation	255	(5)
Artificial Life: Additional Examples	260	(10)
Methodological Issues and Conclusions	270	(7)
Other Approaches	277	(20)
The Dynamical Systems Approach	277	(6)
Behavioral Economics	283	(9)
Schema-Based Approaches	292	(5)
Part IV Principles of Intelligent Systems	297	(238)
Design Principles of Autonomous Agents	299	(28)
The Nature of the Design Principles	299	(3)
Design Principles for Autonomous Agents	302	(16)
Design Principles in Context	318	(9)
The Principle of Parallel, Loosely Coupled Processes	327	(50)
Control Architectures for Autonomous Agents	330	(7)
Traditional Views on Control Architectures	337	(8)
Parallel, Decentralized Approaches	345	(12)
Case Study: A Self-Sufficient Garbage Collector	357	(20)
The Principle of Sensory-Motor Coordination	377	(58)
Categorization: Traditional Approaches	378	(14)
The Sensory-Motor Coordination Approach	392	(15)
Case Study: The SMC Agents	407	(24)
Application: Active Vision	431	(4)
The Principles of Cheap Design, Redundancy, and Ecological Balance	435	(32)
The Principle of Cheap Design	435	(11)
The Redundancy Principle	446	(9)
The Principle of Ecological Balance	455	(12)
The Value Principle	467	(36)
Value Systems	469	(6)
Self-Organization	475	(10)
Learning in Autonomous Agents	485	(18)
Human Memory: A Case Study	503	(32)
Memory Defined	503	(3)
Problems of Classical Notions of Memory	506	(5)
The Frame-of-Reference Problem in Memory Research	511	(5)
The Alternatives	516	(14)
Implications for Memory Research	530	(5)
Part V Design and Evaluation	535	(70)
Agent Design Considerations	537	(40)
Preliminary Design Considerations	539	(3)
Agent Design	542	(20)
Putting It All Together: Control Architectures	562	(7)
Summary and a Fundamental Issue	569	(8)
Evaluation	577	(28)
General Introduction	578	(10)
Performing Agent Experiments	588	(5)
Measuring Behavior	593	(12)
Part VI Future Directions	605	(40)
Theory, Technology, and Applications	607	(24)
Hard Problems	607	(5)
Theory and Technology	612	(6)
Applications	618	(13)
Intelligence Revisited	631	(14)
Elements of a Theory of Intelligence	631	(1)
Implications for Society	631	(14)
Glossary	645	(14)
References	659	(18)
Author Index	677	(4)
Subject Index	681