Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition (with InfoTrac)

by Sharon Rady Rolfes, Ellie Whitney, Kathryn Pinna

• ISBN13: 9780534622084
• ISBN10: 0534622089
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-08-15
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

UNDERSTANDING NORMAL AND CLINICAL NUTRITION, Seventh Edition, provides the most current and comprehensive coverage of both "normal" nutrition, such as digestion and metabolism, vitamins and minerals, and life cycle nutrition, as well as "clinical" nutrition related to diseases, such as nutrition and gastrointestinal, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. The text also incorporates a number of learning tools designed to help students both retain the information and apply their knowledge so they are better prepared to work in a clinical setting. Features include case studies, "How To" boxes with examples of problem-solving in real world situations, and study questions that further conceptual understanding of the material. Regardless of the students' course background, the text is organized and written in a clear, easy to follow format that will engage and enable them to be actively involved in the field of nutrition.

Table of Contents

An Overview of Nutrition	2	(36)
Food Choices	4	(2)
The Nutrients	6	(5)
Nutrients in Foods and in the Body	6	(1)
The Energy-Yielding Nutrients	7	(3)
The Vitamins	10	(1)
The Minerals	11	(1)
Water	11	(1)
The Science of Nutrition	11	(5)
Nutrition Research	12	(3)
Research versus Rumors	15	(1)
Dietary Reference Intakes	16	(4)
Establishing Nutrient Recommendations	16	(2)
Establishing Energy Recommendations	18	(1)
Using Nutrient Recommendations	19	(1)
Comparing Nutrient Recommendations	19	(1)
Nutrition Assessment	20	(4)
Nutrition Assessment of Individuals	20	(2)
Nutrition Assessment of Populations	22	(2)
Diet and Health	24	(14)
Chronic Diseases	24	(1)
Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases	24	(6)
Highlight Nutrition Information and Misinformation---On the Net and in the News	30	(8)
Planning a Healthy Diet	38	(34)
Principles and Guidelines	39	(4)
Diet-Planning Principles	40	(1)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans	41	(2)
Diet-Planning Guides	43	(12)
USDA Food Guide	43	(6)
Exchange Lists	49	(1)
Putting the Plan into Action	50	(2)
From Guidelines to Groceries	52	(3)
Food Labels	55	(17)
The Ingredient List	56	(1)
Serving Sizes	56	(1)
Nutrition Facts	57	(1)
The Daily Values	58	(1)
Nutrient Claims	58	(1)
Health Claims	59	(1)
Structure-Function Claims	59	(2)
Consumer Education	61	(5)
Highlight A World Tour of Pyramids, Pagodas, and Plates	66	(6)
Digestion, Absorption, and Transport	72	(30)
Digestion	73	(10)
Anatomy of the Digestive Tract	74	(3)
The Muscular Action of Digestion	77	(2)
The Secretions of Digestion	79	(2)
The Final Stage	81	(2)
Absorption	83	(3)
Anatomy of the Absorptive System	84	(1)
A Closer Look at the Intestinal Cells	84	(2)
The Circulatory Systems	86	(3)
The Vascular System	86	(3)
The Lymphatic System	89	(1)
Regulation of Digestion and Absorption	89	(13)
Gastrointestinal Hormones and Nerve Pathways	89	(2)
The System at Its Best	91	(3)
Highlight Common Digestive Problems	94	(8)
The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibers	102	(38)
The Chemist's View of Carbohydrates	104	(1)
The Simple Carbohydrates	104	(3)
Monosaccharides	105	(1)
Disaccharides	106	(1)
The Complex Carbohydrates	107	(3)
Glycogen	108	(1)
Starches	108	(1)
Fibers	108	(2)
Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates	110	(4)
Carbohydrate Digestion	111	(1)
Carbohydrate Absorption	111	(2)
Lactose Intolerance	113	(1)
Glucose in the Body	114	(5)
A Preview of Carbohydrate Metabolism	115	(1)
The Constancy of Blood Glucose	116	(3)
Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Sugars	119	(5)
Health Effects of Sugars	120	(2)
Accusations against Sugars	122	(1)
Recommended Intakes of Sugars	123	(1)
Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Starch and Fibers	124	(16)
Health Effects of Starch and Fibers	124	(2)
Recommended Intakes of Starch and Fibers	126	(1)
From Guidelines to Groceries	127	(6)
Highlight Alternatives to Sugar	133	(7)
The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols	140	(40)
The Chemist's View of Fatty Acids and Triglycerides	141	(6)
Fatty Acids	142	(3)
Triglycerides	145	(1)
Degree of Unsaturation Revisited	145	(2)
The Chemist's View of Phospholipids and Sterols	147	(3)
Phospholipids	148	(1)
Sterols	149	(1)
Digestion, Absorption, and Transport of Lipids	150	(5)
Lipid Digestion	150	(2)
Lipid Absorption	152	(1)
Lipid Transport	153	(2)
Lipids in the Body	155	(3)
Roles of Triglycerides	156	(1)
Essential Fatty Acids	156	(1)
A Preview of Lipid Metabolism	157	(1)
Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Lipids	158	(22)
Health Effects of Lipids	159	(3)
Recommended Intakes of Fat	162	(1)
From Guidelines to Groceries	163	(10)
Highlight High-Fat Foods---Friend or Foe?	173	(7)
Protein: Amino Acids	180	(34)
The Chemist's View of Proteins	181	(4)
Amino Acids	182	(1)
Proteins	183	(2)
Digestion and Absorption of Protein	185	(2)
Protein Digestion	185	(1)
Protein Absorption	185	(2)
Proteins in the Body	187	(7)
Protein Synthesis	187	(2)
Roles of Proteins	189	(4)
A Preview of Protein Metabolism	193	(1)
Protein in Foods	194	(3)
Protein Quality	194	(3)
Protein Regulations for Food Labels	197	(1)
Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Protein	197	(17)
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	197	(3)
Health Effects of Protein	200	(1)
Recommended Intakes of Protein	201	(2)
Protein and Amino Acid Supplements	203	(5)
Highlight Vegetarian Diets	208	(6)
Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions	214	(36)
Chemical Reactions in the Body	216	(4)
Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy	220	(12)
Glucose	220	(4)
Glycerol and Fatty Acids	224	(1)
Amino Acids	224	(4)
Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy---In Summary	228	(1)
The Final Steps of Catabolism	229	(3)
The Body's Energy Budget	232	(18)
The Economics of Feasting	234	(1)
The Transition from Feasting to Fasting	235	(1)
The Economics of Fasting	236	(4)
Highlight Alcohol and Nutrition	240	(10)
Energy Balance and Body Composition	250	(28)
Energy Balance	252	(1)
Energy In: The kCalories Foods Provide	252	(4)
Food Composition	252	(1)
Food Intake	253	(3)
Energy Out: The kCalories the Body Expends	256	(4)
Components of Energy Expenditure	256	(3)
Estimating Energy Requirements	259	(1)
Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health	260	(18)
Defining Healthy Body Weight	261	(2)
Body Fat and Its Distribution	263	(2)
Health Risks Associated with Body Weight and Body Fat	265	(7)
Highlight The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet---Again	272	(6)
Weight Management: Overweight and Underweight	278	(42)
Overweight	279	(3)
Fat Cell Development	280	(1)
Fat Cell Metabolism	280	(1)
Set-Point Theory	281	(1)
Causes of Obesity	282	(4)
Genetics	282	(2)
Environment	284	(2)
Problems of Obesity	286	(3)
Health Risks	286	(1)
Perceptions and Prejudices	286	(1)
Dangerous Interventions	287	(2)
Aggressive Treatments of Obesity	289	(2)
Drugs	290	(1)
Surgery	290	(1)
Weight-Loss Strategies	291	(10)
Eating Plans	292	(4)
Physical Activity	296	(2)
Behavior and Attitude	298	(2)
Weight Maintenance	300	(1)
Prevention	300	(1)
Public Health Programs	301	(1)
Underweight	301	(19)
Problems of Underweight	302	(1)
Weight-Gain Strategies	302	(8)
Highlight Eating Disorders	310	(10)
The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C	320	(46)
The Vitamins---An Overview	321	(3)
The B Vitamins---As Individuals	324	(21)
Thiamin	325	(3)
Riboflavin	328	(2)
Niacin	330	(1)
Biotin	331	(2)
Pantothenic Acid	333	(1)
Vitamin B6	334	(1)
Folate	335	(5)
Vitamin B12	340	(3)
Non-B Vitamins	343	(2)
The B Vitamins---In Concert	345	(3)
B Vitamin Roles	345	(1)
B Vitamin Deficiencies	345	(2)
B Vitamin Toxicities	347	(1)
B Vitamin Food Sources	347	(1)
Vitamin C	348	(18)
Vitamin C Roles	349	(1)
Vitamin C Recommendations	350	(1)
Vitamin C Deficiency	351	(1)
Vitamin C Toxicity	352	(1)
Vitamin C Food Sources	352	(7)
Highlight Vitamin and Mineral Supplements	359	(7)
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K	366	(28)
Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene	367	(8)
Roles in the Body	369	(1)
Vitamin A Deficiency	370	(2)
Vitamin A Toxicity	372	(1)
Vitamin A Recommendations	373	(1)
Vitamin A in Foods	373	(2)
Vitamin D	375	(5)
Roles in the Body	375	(1)
Vitamin D Deficiency	376	(1)
Vitamin D Toxicity	376	(1)
Vitamin D Recommendations and Sources	377	(3)
Vitamin E	380	(2)
Vitamin E as an Antioxidant	380	(1)
Vitamin E Deficiency	381	(1)
Vitamin E Toxicity	381	(1)
Vitamin E Recommendations	381	(1)
Vitamin E in Foods	381	(1)
Vitamin K	382	(2)
Roles in the Body	382	(1)
Vitamin K Deficiency	383	(1)
Vitamin K Toxicity	383	(1)
Vitamin K Recommendations and Sources	383	(1)
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins---In Summary	384	(10)
Highlight Antioxidant Nutrients in Disease Prevention	389	(5)
Water and the Major Minerals	394	(42)
Water and the Body Fluids	395	(10)
Water Balance and Recommended Intakes	396	(3)
Blood Volume and Blood Pressure	399	(1)
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	400	(3)
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance	403	(1)
Acid-Base Balance	404	(1)
The Minerals---An Overview	405	(2)
Sodium	407	(3)
Chloride	410	(1)
Potassium	411	(1)
Calcium	412	(7)
Calcium Roles in the Body	413	(2)
Calcium Recommendations and Sources	415	(2)
Calcium Deficiency	417	(2)
Phosphorus	419	(1)
Magnesium	420	(2)
Sulfate	422	(14)
Highlight Osteoporosis and Calcium	428	(8)
The Trace Minerals	436	(36)
The Trace Minerals---An Overview	437	(1)
Iron	438	(9)
Iron Roles in the Body	439	(1)
Iron Absorption and Metabolism	439	(3)
Iron Deficiency	442	(2)
Iron Toxicity	444	(1)
Iron Recommendations and Sources	445	(1)
Iron Contamination and Supplementation	446	(1)
Zinc	447	(4)
Zinc Roles in the Body	447	(1)
Zinc Absorption and Metabolism	448	(1)
Zinc Deficiency	449	(1)
Zinc Toxicity	449	(1)
Zinc Recommendations and Sources	449	(1)
Zinc Supplementation	450	(1)
Iodine	451	(2)
Selenium	453	(1)
Copper	454	(1)
Manganese	455	(1)
Fluoride	455	(1)
Chromium	456	(1)
Molybdenum	457	(1)
Other Trace Minerals	458	(1)
Contaminant Minerals	458	(1)
Closing Thoughts on the Nutrients	459	(13)
Highlight Phytochemicals and Functional Foods	465	(7)
Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation	472	(36)
Nutrition prior to Pregnancy	473	(1)
Growth and Development during Pregnancy	474	(6)
Placental Development	474	(1)
Fetal Growth and Development	474	(2)
Critical Periods	476	(4)
Maternal Weight	480	(3)
Weight prior to Conception	480	(1)
Weight Gain during Pregnancy	480	(2)
Exercise during Pregnancy	482	(1)
Nutrition during Pregnancy	483	(6)
Energy and Nutrient Needs during Pregnancy	484	(4)
Common Nutrition-Related Concerns of Pregnancy	488	(1)
High-Risk Pregnancies	489	(7)
The Infant's Birthweight	489	(1)
Malnutrition and Pregnancy	490	(1)
Food Assistance Programs	490	(1)
Maternal Health	491	(1)
The Mother's Age	492	(1)
Practices Incompatible with Pregnancy	493	(3)
Nutrition during Lactation	496	(12)
Lactation: A Physiological Process	496	(1)
Breastfeeding: A Learned Behavior	497	(1)
The Mother's Nutrient Needs	498	(1)
Practices Incompatible with Lactation	499	(1)
Maternal Health	500	(5)
Highlight Fetal Alcohol Syndrome	505	(3)
Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence	508	(44)
Nutrition during Infancy	509	(11)
Energy and Nutrient Needs	510	(1)
Breast Milk	511	(4)
Infant Formula	515	(1)
Special Needs of Preterm Infants	516	(1)
Introducing Cow's Milk	517	(1)
Introducing Solid Foods	517	(2)
Mealtimes with Toddlers	519	(1)
Nutrition during Childhood	520	(16)
Energy and Nutrient Needs	520	(2)
Hunger and Malnutrition in Children	522	(2)
The Malnutrition-Lead Connection	524	(1)
Hyperactivity and ``Hyper'' Behavior	525	(2)
Food Allergy and Intolerance	527	(1)
Childhood Obesity	528	(4)
Mealtimes at Home	532	(2)
Nutrition at School	534	(2)
Nutrition during Adolescence	536	(16)
Growth and Development	537	(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs	537	(1)
Food Choices and Health Habits	538	(1)
Problems Adolescents Face	539	(8)
Highlight Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases	547	(5)
Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years	552	(28)
Nutrition and Longevity	554	(3)
Observation of Older Adults	555	(1)
Manipulation of Diet	556	(1)
The Aging Process	557	(4)
Physiological Changes	558	(2)
Other Changes	560	(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults	561	(3)
Water	561	(1)
Energy and Energy Nutrients	561	(1)
Vitamins and Minerals	562	(1)
Nutrient Supplements	563	(1)
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Older Adults	564	(3)
Cataracts and Macular Degeneration	564	(1)
Arthritis	564	(1)
The Aging Brain	565	(2)
Food Choices and Eating Habits of Older Adults	567	(13)
Food Assistance Programs	568	(1)
Meals for Singles	569	(5)
Highlight Hunger and Community Nutrition	574	(6)
Nutrition Care and Assessment	580	(26)
Nutrition in Health Care	581	(5)
Illness and Nutrition Status	582	(1)
Health Professionals and Nutrition Care	583	(1)
Quality of Care	584	(1)
Nutrition Screening	584	(1)
The Nutrition Care Process	584	(2)
Nutrition Assessment	586	(20)
Historical Information	586	(1)
Dietary Assessment Methods	587	(3)
Anthropometric Data	590	(3)
Biochemical Analyses	593	(2)
Physical Examinations	595	(1)
Integrating Assessment Data	596	(5)
Highlight Nutrition and Immunity	601	(5)
Nutrition Intervention	606	(20)
Implementing Nutrition Care	607	(4)
Approaches to Nutrition Care	607	(2)
The Medical Record	609	(1)
Reimbursement of Services	609	(2)
Modified Diets	611	(5)
Dietary Modifications	611	(3)
Alternative Feeding Routes	614	(1)
The Diet Order	615	(1)
Foodservice	616	(10)
Menu Planning	616	(1)
Food Selection	616	(2)
Food Preparation and Delivery	618	(1)
Improving Food Intake	618	(4)
Highlight Nutritional Genomics	622	(4)
Diet, Medications, and Dietary Supplements	626	(24)
Medications in Disease Treatment	627	(3)
Risks versus Benefits of Medication Use	628	(2)
Patients at High Risk of Adverse Effects	630	(1)
Dietary Supplements	630	(4)
Effectiveness and Safety of Herbal Products	631	(2)
Use of Herbal Products for Illness	633	(1)
Diet-Drug Interactions	634	(16)
Medications and Food Intake	634	(2)
Diet-Drug Interactions and Absorption	636	(2)
Diet-Drug Interactions and Metabolism	638	(2)
Diet-Drug Interactions and Excretion	640	(1)
Diet-Drug Interactions and Toxicity	640	(4)
Highlight Complementary and Alternative Medicine	644	(6)
Enteral Nutrition Support	650	(24)
Enteral Formulas	652	(2)
Types of Formulas	652	(1)
Formula Characteristics	653	(1)
Enteral Nutrition in Medical Care	654	(5)
Oral Use of Enteral Formulas	654	(1)
Tube Feedings	654	(1)
Feeding Routes	655	(2)
Formula Selection	657	(2)
Administration of Tube Feedings	659	(15)
Safe Handling	659	(1)
Initiating and Progressing a Tube Feeding	660	(3)
Delivering Medications through Feeding Tubes	663	(1)
Complications of Tube Feeding	664	(1)
Documentation of Tube Feeding	665	(2)
Transition to Table Foods	667	(3)
Highlight Enteral Nutrition and Inborn Errors of Metabolism	670	(4)
Parenteral Nutrition Support	674	(18)
Indications for Parenteral Support	675	(2)
Parenteral Solutions	677	(4)
Parenteral Nutrients	678	(1)
Formula Preparation	679	(2)
Administering Parenteral Nutrition	681	(3)
Insertion and Care of Intravenous Catheters	681	(1)
Administration of Parenteral Solutions	682	(1)
Managing Metabolic Complications	682	(1)
Discontinuing Intravenous Feedings	683	(1)
Nutrition Support at Home	684	(8)
Candidates for Home Nutrition Support	684	(1)
Planning Home Nutrition Care	685	(1)
Quality of Life Issues	686	(3)
Highlight Ethical Issues in Nutrition Care	689	(3)
Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress	692	(22)
The Body's Responses to Stress and Injury	694	(2)
Hormonal Responses to Stress	694	(1)
The Inflammatory Response	694	(2)
Nutrition Support for Acute Stress	696	(5)
Determining Nutritional Requirements	697	(2)
Patients with Burns	699	(2)
Nutrition and Respiratory Stress	701	(13)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	702	(2)
Respiratory Failure	704	(6)
Highlight Multiple Organ Failure	710	(4)
Nutrition and Disorders of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract	714	(24)
Conditions Affecting the Esophagus	716	(6)
Dysphagia	716	(3)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	719	(3)
Conditions Affecting the Stomach	722	(16)
Dyspepsia	722	(1)
Nausea and Vomiting	723	(1)
Gastritis	723	(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	724	(1)
Gastric Surgery	725	(9)
Highlight Dental Health and Its Relationship with Chronic Illness	734	(4)
Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders	738	(30)
Common Intestinal Symptoms and Complications	739	(6)
Constipation	740	(2)
Intestinal Gas	742	(1)
Diarrhea	742	(1)
Bacterial Overgrowth	743	(1)
Steatorrhea	744	(1)
Malabsorption Syndromes	745	(12)
Pancreatitis	746	(2)
Cystic Fibrosis	748	(2)
Celiac Disease	750	(2)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	752	(2)
Short-Bowel Syndrome	754	(3)
Conditions Affecting the Large Intestine	757	(11)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	757	(1)
Diverticular Disease of the Colon	758	(1)
Ostomies	759	(6)
Highlight Food Allergies	765	(3)
Nutrition, Liver Disease, and Gallstones	768	(22)
Fatty Liver and Hepatitis	770	(2)
Fatty Liver	770	(1)
Hepatitis	771	(1)
Cirrhosis	772	(6)
Consequences of Cirrhosis	773	(2)
Treatment of Cirrhosis	775	(3)
Liver Transplantation	778	(1)
Gallstone Disease	779	(11)
Types of Gallstones	779	(1)
Consequences of Gallstones	780	(1)
Risk Factors for Gallstones	781	(1)
Treatment for Gallstones	781	(5)
Highlight Anemia in Illness	786	(4)
Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus	790	(28)
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus	791	(5)
Symptoms of Diabetes	792	(1)
Diagnosis of Diabetes	792	(1)
Types of Diabetes	792	(2)
Acute Complications of Diabetes	794	(1)
Chronic Complications of Diabetes	795	(1)
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	796	(22)
Treatment Goals	797	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy: Nutrient Recommendations	798	(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy: Dietary Strategies	800	(2)
Insulin Therapy	802	(4)
Oral Antidiabetic Agents	806	(1)
Physical Activity and Diabetes Management	806	(1)
Sick-Day Management	807	(1)
Diabetes Management in Pregnancy	808	(6)
Highlight Metabolic Syndrome	814	(4)
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases	818	(32)
Atherosclerosis	820	(2)
Stages of Plaque Development	820	(1)
Causes of Atherosclerosis	820	(2)
Consequences of Atherosclerosis	822	(1)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	822	(11)
Prevention of CHD	823	(1)
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes for Lowering CHD Risk	824	(8)
The Heart Attack Patient	832	(1)
Hypertension	833	(5)
Risk for Developing Hypertension	834	(1)
Contributing Factors for Hypertension	835	(1)
Treatment of Hypertension	835	(3)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)	838	(2)
Consequences of CHF	838	(1)
Medical Management of CHF	839	(1)
Stroke	840	(10)
Stroke Prevention	840	(1)
Management of Stroke	841	(5)
Highlight Helping People with Feeding Disabilities	846	(4)
Nutrition and Renal Diseases	850	(28)
What the Kidneys Do	851	(2)
The Nephrotic Syndrome	853	(3)
Consequences of the Nephrotic Syndrome	853	(1)
Treatment of the Nephrotic Syndrome	854	(2)
Acute Renal Failure	856	(2)
Causes of Acute Renal Failure	856	(1)
Consequences of Acute Renal Failure	856	(1)
Treatment of Acute Renal Failure	857	(1)
Chronic Renal Failure	858	(7)
Consequences of Chronic Renal Failure	859	(2)
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure	861	(3)
Kidney Transplants	864	(1)
Kidney Stones	865	(13)
Formation of Kidney Stones	866	(1)
Consequences of Kidney Stones	867	(1)
Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones	868	(6)
Highlight Dialysis	874	(4)
Nutrition, Cancer, and HIV Infection	878
Cancer	879	(12)
How Cancer Develops	880	(3)
Consequences of Cancer	883	(2)
Treatments for Cancer	885	(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	887	(4)
HIV Infection	891
How AIDS Develops	891	(1)
Consequences of HIV Infection	891	(3)
Treatments for HIV Infection	894	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	895	(6)
Highlight Illness, Mental Health, and Nutrition	901
Appendix A Cells, Hormones, and Nerves	2
Appendix B Basic Chemistry Concepts	1	(1)
Appendix C Biochemical Structures and Pathways	1	(1)
Appendix D Measures of Protein Quality	1	(1)
Appendix E Nutrition Assessment: Supplement Information	1	(1)
Appendix F Physical Activity and Energy Requirements	1	(1)
Appendix G United States: Exchange Lists	1	(1)
Appendix H Table of Food Composition	1	(1)
Appendix I WHO: Nutrition Recommendations Canada: Guidelines and Meal Planning	1	(1)
Appendix J Enteral Formulas	1	(1)
Glossary
Index	1	(1)
Dietary Reference Intakes (inside front covers)
Aids to Calculations
Weights and Measures
Daily Values for Food Labels (inside back cover, left) Glossary of Nutrient Measures (inside back cover, left)
Body Mass Index (inside back cover, right)