Understanding Operating Systems

by Flynn,Ida M.

• ISBN13: 9780534423667
• ISBN10: 0534423663
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-03-08
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This fourth edition blends operating systems theory and practice in a well-organized way. Its innovative two-part approach explores operating systems theory and development in the first section, and discusses the four most widely-used operating systems (MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, and UNIX) in the second. Each chapter has been updated for currency, and a brand-new chapter on System Security has been added.

Table of Contents

Part One Operating Systems Theory	1	(396)
Introducing Operating Systems	3	(28)
What is an Operating System?	4	(1)
Operating System Software	4	(4)
Machine Hardware	8	(3)
Types of Operating Systems	11	(2)
Brief History of Operating Systems Development	13	(9)
1940s	13	(2)
1950s	15	(2)
1960s	17	(1)
1970s	18	(1)
1980s	19	(1)
1990s	20	(2)
Current Operating Systems	22	(4)
System Architecture	22	(1)
Threads	23	(1)
Multiprocessing Configurations	24	(2)
Conclusion	26	(1)
Key Terms	26	(2)
Exercises	28	(3)
Memory Management: Early Systems	31	(32)
Single-User Contiguous Scheme	32	(2)
Fixed Partitions	34	(2)
Dynamic Partitions	36	(2)
Best-Fit Versus First-Fit Allocation	38	(6)
Deallocation	44	(1)
Case 1: Joining Two Free Blocks	45	(1)
Case 2: Joining Three Free Blocks	46	(1)
Case 3: Deallocating an Isolated Block	47	(1)
Relocatable Dynamic Partitions	48	(6)
Conclusion	54	(1)
Key Terms	54	(2)
Exercises	56	(7)
Memory Management: Virtual Memory	63	(48)
Paged Memory Allocation	64	(7)
Demand Paging	71	(5)
Page Replacement Policies and Concepts	76	(10)
First-In First-Out	77	(2)
Least Recently Used	79	(5)
The Mechanics of Paging	84	(1)
The Working Set	84	(2)
Segmented Memory Allocation	86	(3)
Segmented/Demand Paged Memory Allocation	89	(3)
Virtual Memory	92	(2)
Cache Memory	94	(5)
Case Study: Memory Management in Linux	99	(2)
Conclusion	101	(1)
Key Terms	102	(2)
Exercises	104	(7)
Processor Management	111	(30)
Overview	112	(2)
Job Scheduling Versus Process Scheduling	114	(1)
Process Scheduler	114	(6)
Job and Process Status	116	(1)
Process Control Blocks	117	(2)
PCBs and Queueing	119	(1)
Process Scheduling Policies	120	(1)
Process Scheduling Algorithms	121	(12)
First-Come, First-Served	122	(2)
Shortest Job Next	124	(1)
Priority Scheduling	125	(1)
Shortest Remaining Time	126	(2)
Round Robin	128	(2)
Multiple-Level Queues	130	(3)
A Word About Interrupts	133	(1)
Conclusion	134	(1)
Key Terms	135	(2)
Exercises	137	(4)
Process Management	141	(32)
Deadlock	142	(2)
Seven Cases of Deadlock	144	(6)
Conditions for Deadlock	150	(1)
Modeling Deadlocks	151	(4)
Strategies for Handling Deadlocks	155	(8)
Starvation	163	(2)
Conclusion	165	(1)
Key Terms	166	(1)
Exercises	167	(6)
Concurrent Processes	173	(30)
What is Parallel Processing?	174	(2)
Typical Multiprocessing Configurations	176	(2)
Master/Slave Configuration	176	(1)
Loosely Coupled Configuration	177	(1)
Symmetric Configuration	177	(1)
Process Synchronization Software	178	(3)
Test-and-Set	180	(1)
Wait and Signal	180	(1)
Semaphores	181	(1)
Process Cooperation	181	(6)
Producers and Consumers	183	(3)
Readers and Writers	186	(1)
Concurrent Programming	187	(3)
Applications of Concurrent Programming	187	(3)
Threads and Concurrent Programming	190	(7)
Thread States	191	(2)
Thread Control Block	193	(1)
Concurrent Programming Languages	194	(1)
Ada	194	(1)
Java	195	(2)
Case Study: Process Management in Linux	197	(1)
Conclusion	198	(1)
Key Terms	199	(1)
Exercises	200	(3)
Device Management	203	(48)
Types of Devices	204	(1)
Sequential Access Storage Media	205	(3)
Direct Access Storage Devices	208	(9)
Fixed-Head Magnetic Disk Storage	209	(1)
Movable-Head Magnetic Disk Storage	209	(2)
Optical Disc Storage	211	(5)
Magneto-Optical Storage	216	(1)
Flash Memory Storage	216	(1)
DASD Access Times	217	(3)
Fixed-Head Devices	217	(1)
Movable-Head Devices	218	(2)
Components of the I/O Subsystem	220	(3)
Communication Among Devices	223	(3)
Management of I/O Requests	226	(7)
Device Handler Seek Strategies	227	(4)
Search Strategies: Rotational Ordering	231	(2)
Raid	233	(6)
Case Study: Linux Device Management	239	(2)
Device Classes	239	(1)
open and release	240	(1)
Conclusion	241	(2)
Key Terms	243	(3)
Exercises	246	(5)
File Management	251	(34)
The File Manager	252	(2)
Responsibilities of the File Manager	252	(1)
Definitions	253	(1)
Interacting with the File Manager	254	(7)
Typical Volume Configuration	255	(1)
About Subdirectories	256	(2)
File Naming Conventions	258	(3)
File Organization	261	(4)
Record Format	261	(1)
Physical File Organization	262	(3)
Physical Storage Allocation	265	(5)
Contiguous Storage	266	(1)
Noncontiguous Storage	267	(2)
Indexed Storage	269	(1)
Access Methods	270	(2)
Sequential Access	270	(1)
Direct Access	271	(1)
Levels in a File Management System	272	(2)
Access Control Verification Module	274	(3)
Access Control Matrix	275	(1)
Access Control Lists	275	(1)
Capability Lists	276	(1)
Lockwords	277	(1)
Data Compression	277	(1)
Case Study: File Management in Linux	278	(2)
File Names	279	(1)
File Directories	279	(1)
Data Structures	280	(1)
Conclusion	280	(1)
Key Terms	281	(2)
Exercises	283	(2)
Network Organization Concepts	285	(34)
Basic Terminology	286	(2)
Network Topologies	288	(6)
Star	289	(1)
Ring	289	(2)
Bus	291	(1)
Tree	292	(1)
Hybrid	293	(1)
Network Types	294	(3)
Local Area Network	294	(1)
Metropolitan Area Network	295	(1)
Wide Area Network	295	(1)
Wireless Local Area Network	295	(2)
Software Design Issues	297	(10)
Addressing Conventions	297	(1)
Routing Strategies	298	(2)
Connection Models	300	(3)
Conflict Resolution	303	(4)
Transport Protocol Standards	307	(6)
OSI Reference Model	307	(4)
TCP/IP Model	311	(2)
Conclusion	313	(1)
Key Terms	313	(2)
Exercises	315	(4)
Management of Network Functions	319	(26)
History of Networks	320	(3)
Comparison of Network Distributed Operating Systems	320	(3)
DO/S Development	323	(15)
Memory Management	323	(2)
Process Management	325	(5)
Device Management	330	(2)
File Management	332	(4)
Network Management	336	(2)
NOS Development	338	(3)
Important NOS Features	339	(1)
Major NOS Functions	340	(1)
Conclusion	341	(1)
Key Terms	342	(1)
Exercises	343	(2)
Security and Ethics	345	(28)
Role of the Operating System in Security	345	(3)
System Survivability	346	(1)
Levels of Protection	346	(1)
Backup and Recovery	347	(1)
Security Breaches	348	(8)
Unintentional Intrusions	349	(1)
Intentional Attacks	349	(7)
System Protection	356	(7)
Antivirus Software	356	(2)
Firewalls	358	(1)
Authentication	359	(2)
Encryption	361	(2)
Password Management	363	(4)
Password Construction	363	(2)
Password Alternatives	365	(1)
Social Engineering	366	(1)
Ethics	367	(1)
Conclusion	368	(1)
Key Terms	369	(2)
Exercises	371	(2)
System Management	373	(24)
Evaluating an Operating System	374	(1)
Cooperation Among Components	374	(6)
Role of Memory Management	375	(1)
Role of Processor Management	375	(1)
Role of Device Management	376	(1)
Role of File Management	377	(2)
Role of Network Management	379	(1)
Measuring System Performance	380	(7)
Measurement Tools	380	(3)
Feedback Loops	383	(2)
Monitoring	385	(2)
Accounting	387	(2)
Patch Management	389	(3)
Patching Fundamentals	390	(2)
Software Options	392	(1)
Timing and the Patch Cycle	392	(1)
Conclusion	392	(1)
Key Terms	393	(1)
Exercises	394	(3)
Part Two Operating Systems in Practice	397	(116)
MS-DOS Operating System	399	(26)
History	400	(2)
Design Goals	402	(2)
Memory Management	404	(4)
Main Memory Allocation	406	(1)
Memory Block Allocation	407	(1)
Processor Management	408	(2)
Process Management	408	(1)
Interrupt Handlers	409	(1)
Device Management	410	(1)
File Management	411	(5)
Filename Conventions	411	(1)
Managing Files	412	(4)
User Interface	416	(7)
Batch Files	417	(1)
Redirection	418	(1)
Filters	419	(1)
Pipes	420	(1)
Additional Commands	421	(2)
Conclusion	423	(1)
Key Terms	423	(2)
Windows Operating Systems	425	(36)
Windows Development	426	(3)
Early Windows Products	426	(1)
Operating Systems for Single Users	427	(1)
Operating Systems for Networks	428	(1)
Design Goals	429	(3)
Extensibility	429	(1)
Portability	430	(1)
Reliability	431	(1)
Compatibility	431	(1)
Performance	432	(1)
Memory Management	432	(4)
User-Model Features	433	(1)
Virtual Memory Implementation	434	(2)
Processor Management	436	(2)
Device Management	438	(4)
File Management	442	(4)
Network Management	446	(2)
MS-Net	446	(1)
Directory Services	447	(1)
Security Management	448	(3)
Security Basics	448	(1)
Security Terminology	449	(2)
User Interface	451	(6)
Conclusion	457	(1)
Key Terms	457	(4)
UNIX and Linux Operating Systems	461	(52)
Overview	462	(1)
History	462	(5)
The Evolution of UNIX	463	(2)
The Evolution of Linux	465	(2)
Design Goals	467	(2)
Memory Management	469	(3)
UNIX Memory Management	469	(2)
Linux Memory Management	471	(1)
Processor Management	472	(6)
Process Table Versus User Table	473	(1)
Synchronization	474	(1)
fork, wait, and exec	474	(3)
Linux Process Management	477	(1)
Device Management	478	(3)
Device Classifications	479	(1)
Device Drivers	480	(1)
Filenames Management	481	(13)
Filenames in UNIX and Linux	482	(1)
Directories in UNIX and Linux	483	(2)
Data Structures in UNIX	485	(2)
Data Structures in Linux	487	(1)
User Interface	487	(1)
Script Files	488	(1)
Redirection	489	(1)
Pipes	490	(1)
Filters	491	(1)
Additional Commands	492	(2)
Conclusion	494	(1)
Key Terms	495	(2)
Appendixes
Appendix A Command Translation Table	497	(2)
Appendix B Guide to Microsoft Acronyms	499	(2)
Appendix C Guide to Graphical User Interfaces	501	(2)
Appendix D ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct	503	(4)
Appendix E Innovators	507	(2)
Appendix F Timeline of Operating System Releases	509	(4)
Glossary	513	(30)
Bibliography	543	(6)
Index	549