Understanding Response to Intervention : A Practical Guide to Systemic Implementation

by Howell, Robert

• ISBN13: 9781934009345
• ISBN10: 1934009342
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-07-01
• Publisher: Solution Tree

Summary

Response to Intervention (RTI) is a system for educational redesign based on a hierarchy of interventions which are implemented to meet the needs of students who demonstrate underachievement in core academic areas of literacy and math. This system is usually represented graphically by a pyramid showing three levels or tiers of intervention. Understanding Response to Intervention is a nuts and bolts guide to this system for educational redesign. Response to Intervention (RTI) aims to meet the needs of struggling students through a pyramid of interventions, collaborative team problem solving, data for monitoring student progress, and customized solutions that help every unique learner succeed. This system is commonly represented by the three-tiered pyramid of interventions, which conveys that all students can learn, effectively master educational requirements, and become proficient learners. Understanding Response to Intervention provides a practical model for teachers, principals, district administrators, and parent advocacy groups, with clear examples of how to: ¿ Develop stakeholder support for educational redesign. ¿ Establish leadership at the district and school levels. ¿ Establish a school-based RTI Problem-Solving Team. ¿ Garner parent involvement. ¿ Use data to monitor progress. ¿ Implement models of intervention.

Table of Contents

About the Authors	p. ix
Introduction to Response to Intervention	p. xiii
Overview of This Book	p. xvi
Common Questions About RTI	p. 1
What Is Behind RTI?	p. 1
What About No Child Left Behind?	p. 2
Can These Kids Really Learn?	p. 3
Compelling Research	p. 4
Why Wait for Kids to Fail?	p. 5
What Are the Core Principles of RTI?	p. 7
Is RTI Just for Special Education Students?	p. 10
What Are the Three Tiers of Intervention?	p. 11
Why Is the Problem-Solving Team So Important?	p. 13
How Do We Know RTI Is Working?	p. 14
Leadership	p. 17
The Board of Education	p. 18
District Superintendent and Administration	p. 19
District Round Table	p. 20
Periodic Review	p. 28
Setting Direction	p. 28
Developing People	p. 29
Developing the Organization	p. 29
Organizational Resistance	p. 30
School Site Leadership	p. 32
School Leadership Team	p. 32
Issues of Effective Classroom Teaching	p. 34
Periodic Review	p. 35
Setting Direction	p. 35
Developing People	p. 35
Developing the Organization	p. 36
Behavioral Interventions	p. 36
Final Thoughts	p. 37
Problem-Solving Teams	p. 39
Problem-Solving Primer: Root Cause Analysis	p. 40
An Individual Student Problem	p. 42
Define the Problem	p. 42
Gather Data and Evidence	p. 42
Identify Contributory Issues	p. 42
Delineate Root Causes-Ask the "Why?"	p. 43
Develop Solution Recommendations	p. 44
Implement Solutions	p. 45
Retest Solutions	p. 45
Review and Establish Systemic Prevention	p. 45
Creating a Problem-Solving Team	p. 47
Applying Root Cause Analysis	p. 50
Define the Problem	p. 51
Gather Data and Evidence	p. 51
Perform Data Analysis	p. 51
Develop and Implement the Intervention or Student Action Plan	p. 52
Evaluate the Student Action Plan	p. 53
Review for Trends	p. 54
Role of Parents	p. 54
Principal and Administrative Support and Involvement	p. 55
Interventions	p. 57
Tier 1	p. 58
Looking at Student Work: An Effective Tier 1 Strategy	p. 60
Other Tier 1 Academic Interventions	p. 63
Tier 2	p. 65
The Case of Sara	p. 66
Tier 3	p. 68
Special Education Concerns	p. 69
Professional Development Needs	p. 70
Behavior in the Pyramid of Intervention	p. 70
Using Data	p. 75
Progress Monitoring	p. 75
Curriculum-Based Measurement	p. 78
Benchmarking	p. 81
Median	p. 83
Aim Line	p. 84
Trend Line	p. 85
Trend Data	p. 85
Graphing Student Data in Problem-Solving Teams	p. 86
Parent Involvement	p. 91
Parent Involvement in the District Round Table	p. 93
Identification and Recruitment	p. 93
Professional Development	p. 94
Team Meeting Logistics	p. 94
Opportunities for Contribution	p. 95
Rollout Plan	p. 96
Parent Inclusion	p. 96
Planning	p. 97
Informing	p. 98
Define the Issue	p. 98
Establish Objectives	p. 98
Establish Strategies	p. 99
Create a Public Relations Plan	p. 99
Evaluate	p. 100
Involving	p. 100
What Happens When Parents Experience the Success of Response to Intervention?	p. 103
Special Education and RTI	p. 105
Moving From Discrepancy Formulas	p. 105
Core Curriculum Fidelity	p. 106
Resource Alignment	p. 107
Commitment to Professional Learning Communities	p. 107
Changes in Role Definition and Staff Capacity	p. 108
Moving From Discrepancy-Based Formulas	p. 109
Questions and Concerns	p. 111
Are We Screening or Evaluating?	p. 111
Can We Refuse a Referral to Special Education?	p. 111
Certification	p. 112
Quantifying RTI Resource Levels	p. 112
Evaluation	p. 115
The Evaluation Process	p. 117
Key Categories of Evaluation	p. 121
Student Outcomes	p. 121
Consumer Acceptability	p. 122
Systems Change	p. 122
Implementation Fidelity	p. 123
Graphic Data	p. 126
Sustainability	p. 131
Conducting Root Cause Analysis for RTI Development	p. 135
Discipline Issues	p. 137
Conduct Problem Identification	p. 137
Gather Data and Evidence	p. 138
Identify the Key Issue	p. 138
Find the Root Cause	p. 139
Develop Solution Recommendations	p. 139
Implement the Solutions	p. 140
Retest Solutions Based on Data Collection	p. 140
Align Data From Steps 1-7 to Determine Prevention Strategies	p. 140
Reading Issues	p. 140
Conduct Problem Identification	p. 140
Gather Data and Evidence	p. 141
Identify the Key Issue	p. 141
Find the Root Cause	p. 141
Develop Solution Recommendations	p. 141
Implement the Solutions	p. 142
Retest Solutions Based on Data Collection	p. 142
Align Data From Steps 1-7 to Determine Prevention Strategies	p. 142
Preventing RTI Failure	p. 143
Ten-Point RTI Sustainability Checklist	p. 143
Evaluating RTI Success	p. 145
Universal Instruction	p. 145
Targeted Intervention	p. 145
Intensive Intervention	p. 145
Appendices
Research	p. 149
Logic Model	p. 161
Forms	p. 165
Frequently Asked Questions	p. 179
References and Resources	p. 183
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.