A Unified Approach to Nasality And Voicing

by Nasukawa, Kuniya

• ISBN13: 9783110184815
• ISBN10: 3110184818
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-05-30
• Publisher: Mouton De Gruyter

Summary

This book makes an important contribution to the expanding body of work in generative phonology which aims to reduce the number of traditionally recognized melodic categories in order to achieve a greater degree of restrictiveness. By analyzing data from a large number of different languages, Nasukawa establishes a clear affinity between nasality and voicing, and demonstrates the advantages of treating these two properties as different phonetic manifestations of a single nasal-voice category. The choice of whether to interpret this category as voicing or nasality is determined by the active or inactive status of a complement tier. This study deepens our understanding of the typological relation between nasality and voicing, and sheds new light on a number of related agreement phenomena.

Table of Contents

Abstract	vii
Acknowledgements	ix
Abbreviations and symbols	xv
Chapter 1 Nasal-voice affinities
1.1 Introduction	1	(1)
1.2 The relation between nasal and voice	2	(8)
1.2.1 Nasal-voice paradox	2	(4)
1.2.1.1 Voice in nasals	2	(2)
1.2.1.2 Nasals without voice	4	(2)
1.2.2 The appearance of nasality in voiced obstruents	6	(7)
1.2.2.1 Spontaneous prenasalisation	6	(2)
1.2.2.2 Spontaneous velar nasalisation	8	(1)
1.2.2.3 The appearance of nasality in verb-stem-final	9	(1)
1.3 An overview of this work	10	(103)
Chapter 2 Typological aspects of nasality and voicing
2.1 Introduction	113
2.2 Nasality	13	(7)
2.2.1 The distribution of nasal-oral contrasts across different languages	13	(2)
2.2.2 Phonological phenomena in nasality	15	(5)
2.3 'Voicing'	20	(6)
2.3.1 Introduction	20	(1)
2.3.2 Laryngeal-source contrasts and VOT categories	21	(1)
2.3.3 The distribution of VOT contrasts across different languages	21	(1)
2.3.4 Phonological phenomena in long-lead plosives	22	(2)
2.3.5 Postnasal voicing	24	(2)
2.4 Implicational universals between nasality and long voicing lead	26	(1)
2.5 Prenasalised 'voiced' plosives	27	(5)
2.5.1 The distribution of prenasalised 'voiced' plosives across languages	27	(3)
2.5.2 Prenasalised plosives as a result of dynamic alternation	30	(2)
2.6 Summary	32	(3)
Chapter 3 The melodic architecture of nasality, voicing and prenasality
3.1 Introduction	35	(1)
3.2 Defining melodic primes	35	(2)
3.3 Elements	37	(4)
3.4 Nasality	41	(3)
3.4.1 The characterisation of nasality	41	(1)
3.4.2 Problems associated with dual representations	41	(1)
3.4.3 The nasal element	42	(2)
3.5 VOT contrasts in ET	44	(3)
3.6 The melodic representation of prenasalised plosives	47	(3)
3.7 Implicational universals and some problems	50	(3)
Chapter 4 An integrated approach to nasality and long-lead voicing
4.1 Introduction	53	(3)
4.2 Previous analysis of the nasal-voice paradox	56	(5)
4.2.1 Underspecification and rules	56	(1)
4.2.2 Feature licensing and constraints	56	(4)
4.2.3 The major-class feature [sonorant]	60	(1)
4.3 An alternative analysis of the paradox	61	(14)
4.3.1 Dual phonetic interpretation of a single element	61	(3)
4.3.2 Potential problems with the notion of melodic headedness	64	(4)
4.3.3 Element activation and the complement tier	68	(4)
4.3.4 The nasal-voice distinction	72	(2)
4.3.5 N-[comp] LICENSING	74	(1)
4.4 Rendaku with N-[comp]	75	(2)
4.5 [N]-activation in NC-clusters	77	(12)
4.5.1 The extension of [N]-activation	77	(1)
4.5.2 Postnasal voicing and proper government	78	(4)
4.5.3 *[h, N] and PARSE (strong)	82	(7)
4.6 The appearance of [N] in verb-stem-final b	89	(5)
4.6.1 Earlier work within ET	89	(1)
4.6.2 Nasal alternation in b and [N]/N-[comp]-activation	90	(4)
4.7 Summary	94	(1)
Chapter 5 Prenasalisation and nasalisation of voiced obstruents
5.1 Introduction	95	(1)
5.2 Spontaneous prenasalisation in Northern Tohoku Japanese	96	(2)
5.2.1 The distribution of prenasalised segments	96	(2)
5.2.2 Nasal insertion	98	(1)
5.3 Intervocalic sites as contexts favouring lenition	98	(5)
5.4 Prenasalisation as lenition	103	(4)
5.4.1 Element suppression	103	(1)
5.4.2 The melodic representation of prenasalised plosives	103	(2)
5.4.3 Complement tier and melodic complexity	105	(2)
5.5 Spontaneous velar nasalisation	107	(3)
5.5.1 The distribution of the voiced velar nasal	107	(1)
5.5.2 Licensing and the voiced velar nasal	108	(2)
5.6 Summary	110	(1)
Chapter 6 Assimilatory processes involving nasality and voicing
6.1 Introduction	111	(1)
6.2 Classes of target, scope and directionality	112	(3)
6.3 Nasal harmony	115	(8)
6.3.1 Opacity and transparency in autosegmental spreading	115	(3)
6.3.2 Nasality as a property of prosodic categories	118	(3)
6.3.3 Problems	121	(2)
6.4 A unified analysis of opacity and transparency effects in nasal harmony	123	(16)
6.4.1 Harmonic agreement	123	(3)
6.4.2 Nasal harmony as inter-nuclear agreement	126	(3)
6.4.3 Opacity in inter-nuclear nasal agreement	129	(3)
6.4.4 Transparency in inter-nuclear nasal agreement	132	(3)
6.4.5 Prenasalisation in nasal harmony	135	(4)
6.5 Voicing assimilation as N-[comp] agreement	139	(4)
6.6 Why no short and long-distance prenasal assimilation?	143	(1)
6.7 Summary	143	(4)
Chapter 7 Conclusion
7.1 Summary	147	(3)
7.2 Future research	150	(3)
Notes	153	(10)
References	163	(16)
Language index	179	(2)
Subject index	181	(6)
Author index	187