Uniting a Divided City

by Beall, Jo; Crankshaw, Owen; Parnell, Sue

• ISBN13: 9781853839214
• ISBN10: 1853839213
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-09-01
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

For many people, Johannesburg has become the imagined spectre of our urban future. Global anxieties about catastrophic urban explosion, social fracture, environmental degradation, escalating crime and violence, and rampant consumerism alongside grinding poverty, are projected onto this city whose fate has implications and resonance way beyond its borders. Decision-makers in cities worldwide have attempted to balance harsh fiscal and administrative realities with growing demands for political, economic and social justice. Uniting a Divided City investigates pragmatic approaches to urban economic development, service delivery, spatial restructuring, environmental sustainability and institutional reform in Johannesburg. It explores the conditions and processes that are determining the city's transformation into a cosmopolitan metropole and magnet for the continent.

Author Biography

Jo Beall is Reader in Development Studies at the London School of Economics.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	viii
List of Tables	ix
Acknowledgements	xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations	xiii
Part 1 Ways of Understanding Divided Cities
Introduction to a Divided City	3	(4)
Introduction	3	(2)
Organization of the book	5	(2)
Reverberations from a Divided City	7	(22)
Johannesburg as a 21st-century city	7	(2)
Ways of seeing divided cities	9	(6)
Ways of governing divided cities	15	(5)
Social institutions in divided cities	20	(3)
Making the connections: social exclusion in divided cities	23	(6)
Part 2 The Changing Spatial Structure of the City
Beyond Racial Fordism: Changing Patterns of Social Inequality	29	(16)
Introduction	29	(1)
From racial apartheid to social polarization in Johannesburg	30	(3)
The changing political economy of Johannesburg	33	(4)
Social polarization in Johannesburg: deindustrialization, urbanization and unemployment	37	(5)
Conclusion	42	(3)
Post-Fordist Polarization: The Changing Spatial Order of the City	45	(20)
Introduction	45	(1)
Racial Fordism in Johannesburg	46	(6)
The post-Fordist spatial order	52	(8)
Conclusion	60	(5)
Part 3 Institutional Responses to Urban Change
Decentralization by Stealth: Democratization or Disempowerment through Developmental Local Government?	65	(22)
Introduction	65	(2)
The deracialization and decolonization of local government	67	(4)
The decentralization paradox of the South African local government transition	71	(2)
The design of democratic local government	73	(12)
Conclusion	85	(2)
The Politics of Fiscal Austerity in Creating Equitable City Government	87	(22)
Introduction	87	(1)
Crisis? What crisis?	88	(6)
What is iGoli 2002?	94	(5)
Is iGoli 2002 a policy that can unite a divided city?	99	(6)
Conclusion	105	(4)
Part 4 Living in A Divided City
The Inner-city Challenge: Locating Partners for Urban Regeneration	109	(20)
Introduction	109	(1)
The case for inner-city regeneration in Johannesburg	110	(3)
Downtown decline and the partnership business	113	(5)
Residential regeneration in the inner city: the case of Yeoville	118	(3)
Community dynamics in Yeoville	121	(6)
Conclusion	127	(2)
Participatory Planning and Informal Settlement Upgrading in Diepsloot	129	(22)
Introduction	129	(3)
The social origins of peri-urban squatter settlements	132	(2)
Social mobilization and social inclusion in Diepsloot	134	(14)
Conclusion	148	(3)
Housing and Service Consumption in Soweto	151	(24)
Introduction	151	(1)
Service provision in Johannesburg	152	(2)
Residents' access to services in Johannesburg	154	(7)
Social differentiation in Soweto as seen through housing	161	(4)
Service stories from Orlando East	165	(5)
Local politics and state-society relations in Orlando East	170	(2)
Conclusion	172	(3)
The People Behind the Walls: Insecurity, Identity and Gated Communities	175	(21)
Introduction	175	(1)
Crime city	176	(3)
Walls, malls and treadmills: Johannesburg's middle-class fortress enclaves	179	(6)
Counting us in or counting us out? Soweto's hostels as `gated communities'	185	(9)
Conclusion	194	(2)
Conclusion: Lessons from a Uniting City	196	(10)
Johannesburg and the prerequisites for understanding divided cities	196	(6)
Lessons for inclusive urban governance	202	(3)
Conclusion	205	(1)
Notes	206	(8)
References	214	(16)
Index	230