Unix Power Tools

by Peek, Jerry D.; O'Reilly, Tim; Loukides, Mike

• ISBN13: 9781565922600
• ISBN10: 1565922603
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-10-01
• Publisher: Oreilly & Associates Inc

Summary

Loaded with practical advice about almost every aspect of UNIX, this second edition of "UNIX Power Tools addresses the technology that UNIX users face today. This edition slants the blend of options and commands toward the POSIX utilities, including the GNU versions. It thoroughly covers the "bash and "tcsh shells, including emphasis on the core concepts of "sh and "csh that will help you use all UNIX shells. Plus, there is more emphasis on Perl. You'll find articles abstracted from other O'Reilly books, new information that highlights program "tricks" and "gotchas," tips posted to the Net over the years, and other accumulated wisdom. The CD-ROM includes all of the scripts and aliases from the book, plus"perl, GNU "emacs, "netpbm (graphics manipulation utilities), "ispell, "screen, the "sc spreadsheet, and about 60 other freeware programs. In addition to the source code, all the software is precompiled for Sun4, Digital UNIX, IBM AIX, HP/UX, Red Hat Linux, Solaris, and SCO UNIX.

Table of Contents

Preface	XXXV
Chapter 1: Introduction	1	(40)
1.01 What's Special About UNIX?	1	(1)
1.02 Who Listens to What You Type?	2	(2)
1.03 Programs Are Designed to Work Together	4	(1)
1.04 Using Pipes to Create a New Tool	4	(2)
1.05 Anyone Can Program the Shell	6	(1)
1.06 Power Tools for Editing	7	(1)
1.07 Power Grows on You	8	(1)
1.08 There Are Many Shells	9	(2)
1.09 Which Shell Am I Running?	11	(1)
1.10 Internal and External Commands	11	(1)
1.11 How the Shell Executes Other Commands	12	(1)
1.12 What Makes a Shell Script?	13	(1)
1.13 Why Fundamentals Are Important	13	(1)
1.14 The Kernel and Daemons	14	(2)
1.15 Filenames	16	(1)
1.16 Wildcards	17	(2)
1.17 Filename Extensions	19	(1)
1.18 Who Handles Wildcards?	20	(1)
1.19 The Tree Structure of the Filesystem	21	(2)
1.20 Your Home Directory	23	(1)
1.21 Making Pathnames	24	(2)
1.22 How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes	26	(1)
1.23 File Access Permissions	27	(3)
1.24 The Superuser (Root)	30	(1)
1.25 Access to Directories	31	(1)
1.26 What a Multiuser System Can Do for You	31	(1)
1.27 How Background Processing Works	32	(1)
1.28 Some Gotchas With Background Processing	33	(1)
1.29 When Is a File Not a File?	34	(1)
1.30 Redirecting Input and Output	35	(1)
1.31 The X Window System	35	(1)
1.32 One Big Hole	36	(1)
1.33 UNIX Networking and Communications	36	(2)
1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX	38	(3)
Part One: Making Yourself at Home	41	(76)
Chapter 2: Logging In	41	(18)
2.01 Customizing the Shell	41	(1)
2.02 Shell Setup Files--Which, Where, and Why	41	(2)
2.03 What Goes in Shell Setup Files?	43	(1)
2.04 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready	44	(1)
2.05 Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins	44	(3)
2.06 Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files	47	(1)
2.07 C Shell Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want Them to Be?	47	(1)
2.08 Identifying Login Shells	48	(1)
2.09 Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test	49	(1)
2.10 Gotchas in set prompt Test	49	(2)
2.11 Faster ksh and bash Startup with XXX-Test	51	(1)
2.12 Automatic Setups for Different Terminals	51	(2)
2.13 A.cshrc.XXXHOST File for Per Host Setup	53	(1)
2.14 motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages	54	(1)
2.15 Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once	55	(1)
2.16 Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell	56	(3)
Chapter 3: Logging Out	59	(6)
3.01 Running Commands When You Log Out	59	(1)
3.02 Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout	60	(1)
3.03 Electronic Fortune Cookies	60	(1)
3.04 Automatic File Cleanup	61	(1)
3.05 Stop Accidental C Shell Logouts	61	(1)
3.06 Stop Accidental Bourne Shell Logouts	62	(1)
3.07 Detaching a Session with Screen	63	(1)
3.08 What try Am I On?	63	(2)
Chapter 4: Organizing Your Home Directory	65	(8)
4.01 What? Me, Organized?	65	(1)
4.02 A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts	66	(1)
4.03 Organizing Nonexecutable Scripts	66	(1)
4.04 Directories for Emacs Hacks	67	(1)
4.05 Private (Personal) Directories	67	(1)
4.06 Naming Files	67	(1)
4.07 Make More Directories!	68	(1)
4.08 Making Directories Made Easier	69	(1)
4.09 Setting Up vi with the .exrc File	70	(1)
4.10 Find All Command Versions with whereiz	71	(2)
Chapter 5: Setting Up Your Terminal	73	(16)
5.01 There's a Lot to Know About Terminals	73	(1)
5.02 The Idea of a Terminal Database	73	(2)
5.03 Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In	75	(2)
5.04 Setting the TERMCAP Variable with tset	77	(1)
5.05 Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm	78	(2)
5.06 Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In	80	(1)
5.07 What termcap and terminfo Do and Don't Control	81	(1)
5.08 Terminal Escape Sequences	82	(1)
5.09 Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters	83	(1)
5.10 Finding What Terminal Names You Can Use	84	(2)
5.11 Initializing the Terminal with tset	86	(1)
5.12 Initializing the Terminal with tput	87	(2)
Chapter 6: Shell and Environment Variables	89	(12)
6.01 What Environment Variables Are Good For	89	(2)
6.02 Parent-Child Relationships	91	(1)
6.03 Predefined Environment Variables	91	(2)
6.04 The PATH Environment Variables	93	(2)
6.05 PATH and path	95	(1)
6.06 The TZ Environment Variable	95	(1)
6.07 What Time Is It in Japan?	96	(1)
6.08 Shell Variables	97	(1)
6.09 Special C Shell Variables	98	(2)
6.10 Running a Command with a Different Environment	100	(1)
Chapter 7: Setting Your Shell Prompt	101	(16)
7.01 Why Change Your Prompt?	101	(1)
7.02 Basics of Setting the Prompt	101	(1)
7.03 C Shell Prompt Causes Problems in vi, rsh, etc.	102	(1)
7.04 Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins	103	(1)
7.05 Multiline Shell Prompts	104	(1)
7.06 Session Information in Your Terminal's Status Line	105	(1)
7.07 A "Menu Prompt" for Native Users	106	(1)
7.08 Highlighting in Shell Prompts	107	(1)
7.09 Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL	108	(2)
7.10 What Good Is a Blank Shell Prompt?	110	(1)
7.11 dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd	111	(1)
7.12 External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables	112	(1)
7.13 Pre-Prompt Commands in bash	113	(4)
Part Two: Let the Computer Do the Dirty Work	117	(120)
Chapter 8: How the Shell Interprets What You Type	117	(30)
8.01 What the Shell Does	117	(1)
8.02 Introduction to bash	118	(1)
8.03 Introduction to tcsh	119	(1)
8.04 Command Evalution and Accidentally Overwriting Files	120	(1)
8.05 Command-Line Evaluation	121	(2)
8.06 Output Command-Line Arguments	123	(2)
8.07 Setting Your Search Path	125	(2)
8.08 A Directory for Commands You Shouldn't Run	127	(1)
8.09 Wildcards Inside of Aliases	128	(1)
8.10 eval: When You Need Another Chance	129	(1)
8.11 Which One Will bash Use?	130	(1)
8.12 Which One Will the C Shell Use?	131	(2)
8.13 Is It "2 greater than & 1 greater than file" or "greater than file 2 greater than & one"? Why?	133	(1)
8.14 Bourne Shell Quoting	133	(5)
8.15 Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting	138	(1)
8.16 Quoting Handles Special Characters in Filenames	139	(1)
8.17 Verbose and echo Variables Show Quoting	140	(1)
8.18 Here Documents	140	(1)
8.19 "Special" Characters and Operators	141	(4)
8.20 How Many Backslashes?	145	(2)
Chapter 9: Saving Time on the Command Line	147	(33)
9.01 What's Special About the UNIX Command Line	147	(1)
9.02 Fix a Line Faster with Line-Kill and Word-Erase	148	(1)
9.03 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r	149	(1)
9.04 Use Wildcards to Create Files?	149	(1)
9.05 Build Strings with {}	150	(1)
9.06 String Editing (Colon) Operators	151	(2)
9.07 String Editing in ksh and bash	153	(1)
9.08 Filename Completion: Faster Filename Typing	154	(1)
9.09 Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion	155	(1)
9.10 Filename Completion Isn't Always the Answer	156	(1)
9.11 Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop	156	(2)
9.12 The Bourne Shell for Loop	158	(1)
9.13 Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts	159	(1)
9.14 Using Here Documents for Form Letters, etc.	160	(1)
9.15 Throwaway Scripts for Complicated Commands	161	(1)
9.16 Command Substitution	161	(2)
9.17 Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files	163	(1)
9.18 Process Substitution	164	(2)
9.19 For the Impatient: Type-Ahead	166	(2)
9.20 Too Many Files for the Command Line	168	(1)
9.21 Handle Too-Long Command Lines with X args	169	(2)
9.22 xargs: Problems with Spaces and Newlines	171	(1)
9.23 Workaround for "Arguments Too Long" Error	172	(1)
9.24 Get File List by Editing Output of Is-1, grep, etc.	173	(2)
9.25 The C Shell repeat Command	175	(1)
9.26 Expect	176	(4)
Chapter 10: Aliases	180	(12)
10.01 Creating Custom Commands	180	(1)
10.02 Aliases for Common Commands	180	(3)
10.03 C Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments	183	(2)
10.04 Aliases in ksh and bash	185	(1)
10.05 Sourceable Scripts	185	(2)
10.06 Avoiding C Shell Alias Loops	187	(1)
10.07 How to Put if-then-else in a C Shell Alias	188	(1)
10.08 Fix Quoting in csh Aliases with makealias and quote	189	(1)
10.09 Shell Functions	189	(1)
10.10 Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases	190	(2)
Chapter 11: The Lessons of History	192	(19)
11.01 The Lessons of History	192	(1)
11.02 History in a Nutshell	193	(1)
11.03 My Favorite Is !$	194	(1)
11.04 My Favorite Is !:n*	194	(1)
11.05 My Favorite Is ^^	195	(1)
11.06 Using !$ for Safety with Wildcards	196	(1)
11.07 History Substitutions	196	(5)
11.08 Repeating a Cycle of Commands	201	(1)
11.09 Running a Series of Commands on a File	201	(1)
11.10 Check Your History First with: P	202	(1)
11.11 Picking Up Where You Left Off	203	(2)
11.12 Pass History to Another Shell	205	(1)
11.13 Shell Command-Line Editing	206	(1)
11.14 More Ways to Do Interactive History Editing	207	(2)
11.15 Changing C Shell History Characters with histchars	209	(1)
11.16 Instead of Changing History Characters	210	(1)
Chapter 12: Job Control	211	(9)
12.01 Job Control: Work Faster, Stop Runaway Jobs	211	(2)
12.02 Other Ways to Refer to Jobs	213	(1)
12.03 The "Current Job" Isn't Always What You Expect	214	(1)
12.04 Job Control and Autowrite: Real Time Savers!	215	(1)
12.05 System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs	215	(1)
12.06 Notification When Jobs Change State	216	(1)
12.07 Stop Background Output with stty tostop	217	(1)
12.08 Job Control in a Nutshell	217	(1)
12.09 Running Multiple Shell Sessions with screen	218	(2)
Chapter 13: Redirecting Input and Output	220	(17)
13.01 Using Standard Input and Output	220	(3)
13.02 One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough	223	(1)
13.03 Send (only) Standard Error Down a Pipe	223	(1)
13.04 Problems Piping to a Pager	224	(1)
13.05 Redirection in C Shell; Capture Errors, Too?	225	(1)
13.06 Safe I/O Redirection with noclobber	226	(1)
13.07 The O Subshell Operators	227	(1)
13.08 Using {list} to Group Bourne Shell Commands	228	(1)
13.09 Send Output Two or More Places with tee	229	(1)
13.10 How to tee Several Commands Into One File	229	(1)
13.11 tpipe--Redirecting stdout to More than One Place	230	(1)
13.12 Writing to Multiple Terminals for Demonstrations	231	(1)
13.13 The "Filename"-	231	(1)
13.14 What Can You Do with an Empty File?	232	(1)
13.15 What to Do with a Full Bit Bucket :-)	233	(1)
13.16 Store and Show Errors with Logerrs	234	(3)
Part Three: Working with the Filesystem	237	(200)
Chapter 14: Moving Around in a Hurry	237	(16)
14.01 Getting Around the Filesystem	237	(1)
14.02 Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames	238	(2)
14.03 What Good Is a Current Directory?	240	(1)
14.04 How Does UNIX Find Your Current Directory?	241	(1)
14.05 Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath	242	(1)
14.06 The Shells' pushd and popd Commands	243	(2)
14.07 Nice Aliases for pushd	245	(1)
14.08 Quick cds with Aliases	245	(1)
14.09 cd by Directory Initials	246	(1)
14.10 Variables Help You Find Directories and Files	247	(2)
14.11 Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly	249	(1)
14.12 Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable	249	(1)
14.13 Which Directory Am I in, Really?	250	(1)
14.14 Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory	251	(2)
Chapter 15: Wildcards	253	(10)
15.01 File Naming Wildcards	253	(1)
15.02 Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell	254	(2)
15.03 Adding {} Operators to Korn (and Bourne) Shells	256	(1)
15.04 What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?	256	(1)
15.05 Matching All "Dot Files" with Wildcards	257	(1)
15.06 Maybe You Shouldn't Use Wildcards in Pathnames	258	(1)
15.07 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -1	258	(1)
15.08 Getting a List of Non-Matching Files with grep -c	259	(1)
15.09 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard	260	(1)
15.10 Wildcards that Match Only Directories	261	(2)
Chapter 16: Where Did I Put That?	263	(26)
16.01 Everything but the find Command	263	(1)
16.02 Finding Oldest or Newest Files with Is -t and Is -u	263	(2)
16.03 Reordering Is Listings	265	(2)
16.04 List All Subdirectories with Is -R	267	(1)
16.05 The Three UNIX File Times	267	(1)
16.06 clf, cls: "Compressed" Is Listings	267	(2)
16.07 Is Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.	269	(1)
16.08 The Is -d Option	270	(1)
16.09 An Alias to List Recently Changed Files	271	(1)
16.10 findcmd: Find a Command in Your Search Path	271	(1)
16.11 Showing Hidden Files with Is -A and -a	272	(1)
16.12 Useful Is Aliases	273	(1)
16.13 Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name	274	(1)
16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames	275	(1)
16.15 Script with a:-) for UNIX Converts: dir	276	(1)
16.16 Picking a Unique Filename Automatically	276	(1)
16.17 Getting Directory Name from a File's Pathname	277	(1)
16.18 Listing Files You've Created/Edited Today	277	(1)
16.19 stree: Simple Directory Tree	278	(1)
16.20 The vtree Visual Directory Tree Programs	279	(1)
16.21 Finding All Directories with the Same Name	280	(1)
16.22 Comparing Two Directory Trees with dircmp	281	(1)
16.23 Comparing Filenames in Two Directory Trees	282	(1)
16.24 Counting Files by Types	282	(1)
16.25 Listing Files by Age and Size	283	(1)
16.26 Finding Text Files with findtext	284	(2)
16.27 newer: Print the Name of the Newest File	286	(1)
16.28 Oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links	286	(1)
16.29 sls: Super Is with Format You Can Choose	287	(2)
Chapter 17: Finding Files with find	289	(25)
17.01 The find Command Is Great	289	(2)
17.02 Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree	291	(1)
17.03 Don't Forget -print	292	(1)
17.04 Looking for Files with Particular Names	293	(1)
17.05 Searching for Old Files	293	(1)
17.06 Be an Expert on find Search Operators	294	(2)
17.07 The Times that find Finds	296	(1)
17.08 Exact File Time Comparisons	296	(1)
17.09 Problems with -newer	297	(1)
17.10 Running Commands on What You Find	297	(2)
17.11 Using -exec to Create Custom Tests	299	(1)
17.12 Finding Many Things with One Command	300	(1)
17.13 Searching for Files by Type	301	(1)
17.14 Searching for Files by Size	302	(1)
17.15 Searching for Files by Permission	302	(1)
17.16 Searching by Owner and Group	303	(1)
17.17 Duplicating a Directory Tree	303	(1)
17.18 Using "Fast find"	304	(2)
17.19 Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database	306	(2)
17.20 grepping a Directory Tree (and a Gotcha)	308	(1)
17.21 lookfor: Which File Has that Word?	309	(1)
17.22 Finding the Links to a File	310	(1)
17.23 Finding Files with -prune	311	(1)
17.24 Skipping Some Parts of a Tree in find	312	(1)
17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems	313	(1)
Chapter 18: Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files	314	(20)
18.01 What's So Complicated About Copying Files?	314	(1)
18.02 What's Really in a Directory	315	(1)
18.03 Files with Two or More Names	316	(2)
18.04 More About Links	318	(2)
18.05 Creating and Removing Links	320	(1)
18.06 Stale Symbolic Links	321	(2)
18.07 Linking Directories	323	(1)
18.08 Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links	324	(1)
18.09 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files	325	(1)
18.10 There's More than One Way to Do It	325	(1)
18.11 Renaming Files with ren	326	(2)
18.12 Renaming a List of Files Interactively	328	(1)
18.13 One More Way to Do It	328	(1)
18.14 Relinking Multiple Symbolic Links	329	(1)
18.15 Copying Directory Trees with cp -r	329	(2)
18.16 Copying Directory Trees with (tar 1 tar)	331	(3)
Chapter 19: Creating and Reading Archives	334	(9)
19.01 Packing Up and Moving	334	(1)
19.02 Introduction to Shell Archives	335	(1)
19.03 unshar: Unarchive a Shell Archive	336	(1)
19.04 A Simple Version of unshar	337	(1)
19.05 Using tar to Create and Unpack Archives	337	(2)
19.06 GNU tar Sampler	339	(1)
19.07 Extracting Files from a Compressed Archive	340	(1)
19.08 Problems with Verbose tar	340	(1)
19.09 A System V Tape Archiver: cpio	341	(2)
Chapter 20: Backing Up Files	343	(19)
20.01 tar in a Nutshell	343	(1)
20.02 Make Your Own Backups	344	(1)
20.03 How to Make Backups with a Local Tape Drive	345	(2)
20.04 Restoring Files from Tape with tar	347	(2)
20.05 Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive	349	(1)
20.06 Writing a Tape Drive on a Remote Machine	349	(2)
20.07 Creating a Timestamp File for Selective Backups	351	(1)
20.08 Telling tar Which Files to Exclude or Include	352	(3)
20.09 When a Program Doesn't Understand Wildcards	355	(1)
20.10 Avoid Absolute Paths with tar	355	(1)
20.11 Getting tar's Arguments in the Right Order	356	(1)
20.12 Protecting Files with SCCS or RCS	357	(1)
20.13 SCCS Basics	357	(2)
20.14 RCS Basics	359	(1)
20.15 List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs	360	(2)
Chapter 21: More About Managing Files	362	(13)
21.01 A Grab-Bag	362	(1)
21.02 A Better Place for Temporary Files: /tmp	362	(1)
21.03 Unique Names for Temporary Files	363	(1)
21.04 Why Both /tmp and /usr /tmp?	364	(1)
21.05 What Good Is a File's Last Access Time?	365	(1)
21.06 A File's Inode Change (not "Creation"!) Time	366	(1)
21.07 Setting File Modification Time with touch	366	(1)
21.08 The MAILCHECK and mail Variables Check More than Mail	367	(3)
21.09 Keep File Printouts Up-to-Date Automatically with make	370	(1)
21.10 Keep a Directory Listing at Top of the Screen: dirtop	370	(1)
21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying	371	(1)
21.12 Copying Files to a Directory	372	(1)
21.13 Read an Incode with stat	373	(1)
21.14 Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename	373	(2)
Chapter 22: File Security, Ownership, and Sharing	375	(24)
22.01 Introduction to File Ownership and Security	375	(1)
22.02 Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions	375	(4)
22.03 Who Will Own a New File?	379	(1)
22.04 Setting an Exact umask	380	(1)
22.05 Group Permissions in a Directory with the setgid Bit	380	(1)
22.06 Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit	381	(1)
22.07 Using chmod to Change File Permission	382	(1)
22.08 The Handy chmod = Operator	383	(1)
22.09 Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable	384	(1)
22.10 cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes	385	(1)
22.11 A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access	385	(1)
22.12 A Directory that People Can Access but Can't List	386	(2)
22.13 Groups and Group Ownership	388	(1)
22.14 Add Users to a Group to Deny Permission	389	(1)
22.15 Juggling Permissions	389	(2)
22.16 Copying Permissions with cpmod	391	(1)
22.17 Ways of Improving the Security of crypt	391	(1)
22.18 Clear Your Terminal for Security, to Stop Burn-in	392	(1)
22.19 Shell Scripts Must be Readable and (Usually) Executable	393	(1)
22.20 Why Can't You Change File Ownership Under BSD UNIX?	394	(1)
22.21 How to Change File Ownership Without chown	394	(1)
22.22 The su Command Isn't Just for the Superuser	395	(4)
Chapter 23: Removing Files	399	(18)
23.01 The Cycle of Creation and Destruction	399	(1)
23.02 rm and Its Dangers	399	(2)
23.03 Tricks for Making rm Safer	401	(1)
23.04 Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes	401	(1)
23.05 Remove Some, Leave Some	402	(1)
23.06 A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively	402	(1)
23.07 Safer File Deletion in Some Directories	403	(1)
23.08 Safe Delete: Pros and Cons	404	(1)
23.09 delete: Protecting Files from Accidental Deletion	404	(3)
23.10 Deletion with Prejudice: rm -f	407	(1)
23.11 Deleting Files with Odd Names	407	(1)
23.12 Using Wildcards to Delete Files with Strange Names	408	(1)
23.13 Deleting Files with the Null Name	409	(1)
23.14 Handling a Filename Starting with a Dash (-)	409	(1)
23.15 Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name	410	(1)
23.16 Removing a Strange File by its I-number	411	(1)
23.17 Problems Deleting Directories	411	(1)
23.18 How Making and Deleting Directories Works	412	(1)
23.19 Deleting (BSD) Manual Pages that Aren't Read	413	(1)
23.20 Deleting Stale Files	413	(2)
23.21 Removing Every File but One	415	(1)
23.22 Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files	415	(2)
Chapter 24: Other Ways to Get Disk Space	417	(20)
24.01 Instead of Removing a File, Empty It	417	(1)
24.02 Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes	418	(1)
24.03 Unlinking Open Files Isn't Good Idea	419	(1)
24.04 Save Space with a Link	420	(1)
24.05 Limiting File Sizes	420	(1)
24.06 Save Space with Tab Characters	421	(1)
24.07 Compressing Files to Save Space	421	(2)
24.08 Save Space: tar and compress a Directory Tree	423	(1)
24.09 How Much Disk Space?	424	(2)
24.10 zloop: Run a Command on Compressed Files	426	(1)
24.11 Edit Compressed Files with zvi, zex, and zed	427	(1)
24.12 Compressing a Directory Tree: Fine-Tuning	428	(1)
24.13 Save Space in Executable Files with strip	429	(1)
24.14 Don't Use Strip Carelessly	430	(1)
24.15 Trimming a Directory	430	(1)
24.16 Trimming a Huge Directory	431	(1)
24.17 Disk Quotas	432	(1)
24.18 Huge Files Might Not Take a Lot of Disk Space	433	(4)
Part Four: Looking Inside Files	437	(88)
Chapter 25: Showing What's in a File	437	(17)
25.01 Cracking the Nut	437	(1)
25.02 Four Ways to Skin a cat	437	(2)
25.03 Using more to Page Through Files	439	(1)
25.04 The "less" Pager: More than "more"	440	(1)
25.05 Page Through Compressed, RCS, Unprintable Files	440	(1)
25.06 What's in That White Space?	441	(1)
25.07 Show Non-Printing Characters with cat -v or od -c	442	(2)
25.08 Finding File Types	444	(1)
25.09 Adding and Deleting White Space	445	(1)
25.10 Squash Extra Blank Lines	446	(1)
25.11 crush: A cat that Skips all Blank Lines	446	(1)
25.12 Double Space, Triple Space	447	(1)
25.13 pushin: Squeeze Out Extra White Space	447	(1)
25.14 How to Look at the End of a File: tail	448	(1)
25.15 Finer Control on tail	449	(1)
25.16 How to Look at a File as It Grows	449	(1)
25.17 An Alias in Case You Don't Have tail	450	(1)
25.18 Watching Several Files Grow	450	(1)
25.19 Reverse Lines in Long Files with flip	451	(1)
25.20 Printing the Top of a File	452	(1)
25.21 Numbering Lines	452	(2)
Chapter 26: Regular Expressions (Pattern Matching)	454	(21)
26.01 That's an Expression	454	(1)
26.02 Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards	455	(1)
26.03 Understanding Expressions	456	(2)
26.04 Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions	458	(7)
26.05 Getting Regular Expressions Right	465	(1)
26.06 Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?	466	(1)
26.07 Limiting the Extent of a Match	467	(1)
26.08 I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like	468	(1)
26.09 Valid Metacharacters for Different UNIX Programs	469	(1)
26.10 Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples	470	(5)
Chapter 27: Searching Through Files	475	(17)
27.01 Different Versions of grep	475	(1)
27.02 Searching for Text with grep	476	(1)
27.03 Finding Text That Doesn't Match	477	(1)
27.04 Finding a Pattern Only When It's a Word	477	(1)
27.05 Extended Searching for Text with egrep	478	(1)
27.06 Fast grep Isn't	479	(1)
27.07 grepping for a List of Patterns	480	(1)
27.08 glimpse and agrep	480	(2)
27.09 New greps Are Much Faster	482	(1)
27.10 Search RCS Files with rcsgrep	483	(1)
27.11 A Multiline Context grep Using sed	484	(1)
27.12 Make Custom grep Commands (etc.) with perl	485	(1)
27.13 More grep-like Programs Written in Perl	486	(1)
27.14 Compound Searches	487	(1)
27.15 Narrowing a Search Quickly	488	(1)
27.16 Faking Case-Insensitive Searches	489	(1)
27.17 Finding a Character in a Column	489	(1)
27.18 Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"	490	(1)
27.19 Finding Words Inside Binary Files	490	(1)
27.20 A Highlighting grep	491	(1)
Chapter 28: Comparing Files	492	(18)
28.01 Checking Differences with diff	492	(2)
28.02 Comparing Three Different Versions with diff3	494	(1)
28.03 Context diffs	495	(2)
28.04 Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff	497	(1)
28.05 Comparing Files Alongside One Another	497	(1)
28.06 Choosing Sides with sdiff	498	(1)
28.07 diff for Very Long Files: bdiff	498	(1)
28.08 More Friendly diff Output	499	(1)
28.09 ex Scripts Built by diff	500	(2)
28.10 Problems with diff and Tabstops	502	(1)
28.11 cmp and diff	503	(1)
28.12 Comparing Two Files with comm	503	(2)
28.13 make Isn't Just for Programmers!	505	(2)
28.14 Even More Uses for make	507	(1)
28.15 Show Changes in a troff File with diffmk	508	(2)
Chapter 29: Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis	510	(15)
29.01 The UNIX spell Command	510	(1)
29.02 Check Spelling Interactively with ispell	511	(1)
29.03 How Do I Spell That Word?	512	(1)
29.04 Inside spell	513	(2)
29.05 Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary	515	(2)
29.06 Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc	517	(2)
29.07 Count How Many Times Each Word Is Used	519	(1)
29.08 Find a a Doubled Word	520	(1)
29.09 Looking for Closure	520	(2)
29.10 Just the Words, Please	522	(3)
Part Five: Text Editing	525	(168)
Chapter 30: vi Tips and Tricks	525	(34)
30.01 The vi and ex Editors: Why So Much Material?	525	(1)
30.02 What We Cover	525	(1)
30.03 Mice vs. vi	526	(2)
30.04 Editing Multiple Files with vi	528	(1)
30.05 Edits Between Files	529	(1)
30.06 Local Settings for vi and ex	530	(1)
30.07 Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text	531	(1)
30.08 Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers	531	(1)
30.09 Using Search Patterns and Global Commands	532	(1)
30.10 Confirming Substitutions in ex and vi	533	(1)
30.11 Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File	534	(1)
30.12 Saving Part of a File	534	(1)
30.13 Appending to an Existing File	535	(1)
30.14 Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns	535	(1)
30.15 Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)	536	(1)
30.16 Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps	537	(1)
30.17 Capitalizing Every Word on a Line	538	(1)
30.18 Setting vi Options Automatically for Individual Files	539	(1)
30.19 Modelines: Bug or Feature?	539	(1)
30.20 Multiple Editor Setup Files; Starting with a Search	540	(1)
30.21 Per File Setups in Separate Files	541	(1)
30.22 Filtering Text Through a UNIX Command	541	(3)
30.23 Safer vi Filter-Throughs	544	(1)
30.24 vi/ex File Recovery vs. Networked Filesystems	545	(1)
30.25 vi -r May not Write Recovered Buffer When You Exit	546	(1)
30.26 Shell Escapes	546	(1)
30.27 vi Compound Searches	547	(1)
30.28 Keep Track of Functions and Included Files	548	(2)
30.29 Setting Multiple tags Files	550	(1)
30.30 vi Outsmarts Dual-Function Function Keys	550	(1)
30.31 vi Word Abbreviation	550	(1)
30.32 Using vi Abbreviations as Commands	551	(1)
30.33 Fixing Typos with vi Abbreviations	552	(1)
30.34 vi Line Commands vs. Character Commands	553	(1)
30.35 Out of Temporary Space? Use Another Directory	554	(1)
30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy	555	(2)
30.37 Neatening Lines	557	(1)
30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo	557	(2)
Chapter 31: Creating Custom Commands in vi	559	(20)
31.01 Why Type More Than You Have To?	559	(1)
31.02 Save Time and Typing with the vi map Commands	560	(2)
31.03 What You Lose When You Use map!	562	(1)
31.04 vi @-Functions	563	(2)
31.05 Keymaps for Pasting into a Window Running vi	565	(1)
31.06 Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex	566	(1)
31.07 Maps for Repeated Edits	567	(1)
31.08 More Examples of Mapping Keys in vi	568	(2)
31.09 Good Stuff for Your exrc File	570	(3)
31.10 Repeating a vi Keymap	573	(1)
31.11 Typing in Uppercase Without CAPS LOCK	574	(1)
31.12 Text-Input Mode Cursor Motion with No Arrow Keys	574	(2)
31.13 Making Cursor Keys Work in vi Text-input Mode	576	(1)
31.14 Don't Lose Important Functions with vi Maps: Use noremap	576	(1)
31.15 Fooling vi into Allowing Complex Macros	577	(1)
31.16 vi Macro for Splitting Long Lines	577	(2)
Chapter 32: GNU Emacs	579	(12)
32.01 Emacs: The Other Editor	579	(1)
32.02 Emacs Features: A Laundry List	580	(1)
32.03 Customizations and How to Avoid Them	581	(1)
32.04 Backup and Auto-Save Files	582	(1)
32.05 Putting Emacs in Overwrite Mode	583	(1)
32.06 Command Completion	583	(1)
32.07 Mike's Favorite Time Savers	584	(1)
32.08 Rational Searches	585	(1)
32.09 Unset PWD Before Using Emacs	586	(1)
32.10 Inserting Binary Characters into Files	586	(1)
32.11 Using Word Abbreviation Mode	587	(1)
32.12 Getting Around Emacs Flow Control Problems	588	(1)
32.13 An Absurd Amusement	589	(2)
Chapter 33: Batch Editing	591	(22)
33.01 Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs	591	(1)
33.02 Writing Editing Scripts	592	(1)
33.03 Line Addressing	593	(1)
33.04 Useful ex Commands	594	(2)
33.05 Running Editing Scripts Within vi	596	(1)
33.06 Change Many Files by Editing Just One	597	(1)
33.07 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match	598	(1)
33.08 Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Bomb on Big Files	599	(1)
33.09 patch: Generalized Updating of Files that Differ	599	(2)
33.10 Quick Globals from the Command Line with qsubst	601	(1)
33.11 Quick Reference: awk	602	(9)
33.12 Versions of awk	611	(2)
Chapter 34: The Sed Stream Editor	613	(34)
34.01 Two Things You Must Know About sed	613	(1)
34.02 Invoking sed	614	(1)
34.03 Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed	614	(2)
34.04 sed Addressing Basics	616	(2)
34.05 Order of Commands in a Script	618	(1)
34.06 One Thing at a Time	619	(1)
34.07 Delimiting a Regular Expression	619	(1)
34.08 Newlines in a sed Replacement	620	(1)
34.09 Referencing the Search String in a Replacement	621	(1)
34.10 Referencing the Portions of a Search String	621	(1)
34.11 Search & Replacement: One Match Among Many	622	(1)
34.12 Transformations on Text	623	(1)
34.13 Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer	623	(2)
34.14 Transforming Part of a Line	625	(2)
34.15 Making Edits Across Line Boundaries	627	(3)
34.16 The Deliberate Scrivener	630	(2)
34.17 Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines	632	(2)
34.18 Multiline Delete	634	(1)
34.19 Making Edits Everywhere Except	635	(1)
34.20 The sed Test Command	636	(1)
34.21 Uses of the sed Quit Command	637	(1)
34.22 Dangers of the sed Quit Command	638	(1)
34.23 sed Newlines, Quoting, and Backslashes in a Shell Script	638	(1)
34.24 Quick Reference: sed	638	(9)
Chapter 35: You Can't Quite Call This Editing	647	(25)
35.01 And Why Not?	647	(1)
35.02 Neatening Text with fmt	648	(1)
35.03 Alternatives to fmt	649	(1)
35.04 recomment: Clean Up Program Comment Blocks	649	(2)
35.05 Remove Mail/News Headers with behead	651	(1)
35.06 Low-Level File Butchery with dd	652	(1)
35.07 Offset: Indent Text	652	(1)
35.08 Centering Lines in a File	653	(1)
35.09 Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split	654	(2)
35.10 Splitting Files by Context: csplit	656	(3)
35.11 Hacking on Characters with tr	659	(1)
35.12 Converting Between ASCII and EBCDIC	660	(1)
35.13 Other Conversions with dd	661	(1)
35.14 Cutting Columns or Fields with cut	662	(1)
35.15 Cutting Columns with colrm	662	(1)
35.16 Make Columns Automatically with cols	663	(1)
35.17 Making Text in Columns with pr	664	(2)
35.18 Pasting Things in Columns	666	(1)
35.19 Joining Lines with join	666	(1)
35.20 Quick Reference: uniq	667	(1)
35.21 Using IFS to Split Strings	668	(1)
35.22 Straightening Jagged Columns	669	(1)
35.23 Rotating Text	670	(2)
Chapter 36: Sorting	672	(11)
36.01 Putting Things in Order	672	(1)
36.02 Sort Fields: How sort Sorts	673	(2)
36.03 Changing the Field Delimiter	675	(1)
36.04 Confusion with White Space Field Delimiters	675	(2)
36.05 Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting	677	(1)
36.06 Miscellaneous sort Hints	678	(2)
36.07 Sorting Multiline Entries	680	(1)
36.08 lensort: Sort Lines by Length	681	(1)
36.09 Sorting a List of People by Last Name	681	(2)
Chapter 37: Perl, a Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister	683	(10)
37.01 What We Do and Don't Tell You About Perl	683	(1)
37.02 Why Learn Perl? # 1	683	(3)
37.03 Three Great Virtues of a Programmer	686	(1)
37.04 Why Learn Perl? #2	686	(3)
37.05 And Now, Perl 5	689	(4)
Part Six: Managing Processes	693	(54)
Chapter 38: Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes	693	(19)
38.01 What's in This Chapter	693	(1)
38.02 fork and exec	694	(1)
38.03 Managing Processes: Overall Concepts	695	(2)
38.04 Subshells	697	(1)
38.05 The ps Command	698	(2)
38.06 The Controlling Terminal	700	(1)
38.07 Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses	701	(1)
38.08 What Are Signals?	701	(2)
38.09 Killing Foreground Jobs	703	(1)
38.10 Destroying Processes with kill	703	(2)
38.11 Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script	705	(1)
38.12 Killing All Your Processes	706	(1)
38.13 Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern	707	(1)
38.14 Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them	708	(1)
38.15 Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process	709	(1)
38.16 Why You Can't Kill a Zombie	709	(1)
38.17 Automatically Kill Background Processes on Logout in csh	710	(1)
38.18 nohup	711	(1)
Chapter 39: Time and Performance	712	(18)
39.01 Which Time Is It?	712	(1)
39.02 Timing Programs	712	(1)
39.03 The csh time variable	713	(3)
39.04 Average Command Runtimes with runtime	716	(1)
39.05 Why Is the System So Slow?	717	(2)
39.06 lastcomm: What Commands Are Running	719	(1)
39.07 Checking System Load: Uptime	720	(1)
39.08 A Big Environment Can Slow You Down	721	(1)
39.09 Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users and When Not to	722	(3)
39.10 A nice Gotcha	725	(1)
39.11 Changing a Job's Priority Under BSD UNIX	725	(1)
39.12 What Makes Your Computer Slow? How Do You Fix It?	726	(4)
Chapter 40: Delayed Execution	730	(17)
40.01 Off-Peak Job Submission	730	(1)
40.02 Waiting a Little While: sleep	731	(1)
40.03 The at Command	732	(1)
40.04 Choosing the Shell Run (We Hope) by at	732	(1)
40.05 Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs	733	(1)
40.06 System V.4 Batch Queues	734	(1)
40.07 Making Your at Jobs Quiet	735	(1)
40.08 Automatically Restarting at Jobs	735	(1)
40.09 Checking and Removing Jobs	736	(1)
40.10 nextday, nextweekday: Tomorrow or Next Weekday	737	(1)
40.11 Send Yourself Reminder Mail	738	(1)
40.12 Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility	739	(3)
40.13 Adding crontab Entries	742	(1)
40.14 Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry	742	(1)
40.15 crontab Script Makes crontab Editing Easier/Safer	743	(4)
Part Seven: Terminals and Printers	747	(74)
Chapter 41: Terminal and Serial Line Settings	747	(22)
41.01 Delving a Little Deeper	747	(1)
41.02 stty and All That Stuff	748	(6)
41.03 Find Out Terminal Settings with stty	754	(1)
41.04 How UNIX Handles TAB Characters	754	(3)
41.05 Why Some Systems Backspace over Prompts	757	(1)
41.06 Using sleep to Keep Port Settings	758	(1)
41.07 Reading Verrry Long Lines from Terminal	758	(1)
41.08 ptys and Window Systems	759	(1)
41.09 Commands to Adjust Your Terminal	759	(2)
41.10 Using terminfo Capabilities in Shell Programs	761	(1)
41.11 How termcap and terminfo Describe Terminals	762	(5)
41.12 Your Terminal's Special Keys	767	(2)
Chapter 42: Problems with Terminals	769	(16)
42.01 Making Sense Out of the Terminal Mess	769	(2)
42.02 Fixing a Hung Terminal or Job	771	(3)
42.03 Why Changing TERM Sometimes Doesn't Work	774	(1)
42.04 Checklist for Resetting a Messed Up Terminal	774	(3)
42.05 Checklist: Screen Size Messed Up?	777	(3)
42.06 Screen Size Testing Files	780	(2)
42.07 termtest: Send Repeated Characters to Terminal	782	(1)
42.08 Errors Erased Too Soon? Try These Workarounds	783	(2)
Chapter 43: Printing	785	(36)
43.01 Introduction to Printing	785	(2)
43.02 Introduction to Printing on UNIX	787	(2)
43.03 Printer Control with lpc	789	(1)
43.04 Using Different Printers	790	(1)
43.05 Using Symbolic Links for Spooling	791	(1)
43.06 Printing to a Terminal Printer	792	(1)
43.07 Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing	792	(2)
43.08 Fixing Margins with pr and fold	794	(1)
43.09 Indenting Text for Printing	794	(1)
43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr	795	(1)
43.11 Big Letters: banner	796	(1)
43.12 Typesetting Overview	797	(3)
43.13 The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff	800	(1)
43.14 nroff/troff and Macro Packages	801	(1)
43.15 From a Source File to the Printer	801	(2)
43.16 groff	803	(1)
43.17 Don't Have nroff? Try gnroff or awf	804	(1)
43.18 How nroff Makes Bold and Underline; How to Remove It	804	(2)
43.19 Removing Leading Tabs and Other Trivia	806	(1)
43.20 Displaying a troff Macro Definition	807	(1)
43.21 Preprocessing troff Input with sed	808	(2)
43.22 Converting Text Files to PostScript	810	(1)
43.23 psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file	811	(1)
43.24 Other PostScript Utilities	812	(1)
43.25 The Portable Bitmap Package	813	(8)
Part Eight: Shell Programming	821	(98)
Chapter 44: Shell Programming for the Uninitiated	821	(28)
44.01 Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming	821	(2)
44.02 Writing a Simple Shell Program	823	(2)
44.03 What's a Shell, Anyway?	825	(1)
44.04 Testing How Your System Executes Files	826	(2)
44.05 Test String Values with Bourne Shell case	828	(1)
44.06 Pattern Matching in case Statements	828	(1)
44.07 Exit Status of UNIX Processes	829	(1)
44.08 Test Exit Status with the if Statement	830	(1)
44.09 Testing Your Success	831	(1)
44.10 Loops That Test Exit Status	832	(1)
44.11 Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)	833	(1)
44.12 Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts	834	(2)
44.13 read: Reading from the Keyboard	836	(1)
44.14 Putting awk, sed, etc,. Inside Shell Scripts	836	(2)
44.15 Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts	838	(1)
44.16 Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop	839	(1)
44.17 Handling Arguments with while and shift	840	(2)
44.18 Standard Command-Line Parsing	842	(2)
44.19 The Bourne Shell set Command	844	(1)
44.20 test: Testing Files and Strings	845	(1)
44.21 Picking a Name for a New Command	846	(1)
44.22 Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names	846	(1)
44.23 Reading Files with the and source Commands	847	(2)
Chapter 45: Shell Programming for the Initiated	849	(45)
45.01 Beyond the Basics	849	(2)
45.02 The Story of : # #!	851	(1)
45.03 Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One	851	(1)
45.04 Fun with #!	852	(1)
45.05 A File That Shows Itself and What # ! Does	853	(2)
45.06 Making Sure Your Script Runs with Bourne Shell, Without #!	855	(1)
45.07 The exec Command	855	(1)
45.08 Handling Signals to Child Processes	856	(1)
45.09 The Unappreciated Bourne Shell":" Operator	857	(1)
45.10 Removing a File Once It's Opened--for Security	858	(1)
45.11 The Multipurpose jot Command	859	(4)
45.12 Parameter Substitution	863	(1)
45.13 Save Disk Space and Programming	864	(1)
45.14 Finding the Last Command-Line Argument	865	(1)
45.15 How to Unset all Command-Line Parameters	865	(1)
45.16 Standard Input to a for Loop	866	(1)
45.17 Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables	866	(1)
45.18 Using basename and dirname	867	(1)
45.19 A While Loop with Several Loop Control Commands	868	(1)
45.20 Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors	869	(2)
45.21 n greater than &m: Standard Output and Standard Error	871	(4)
45.22 Handling Files Line-by-Line	875	(3)
45.23 The Ins and Outs of Redirected I/O Loops	878	(1)
45.24 A Shell Can Read a Script from its Standard Input, But	879	(1)
45.25 Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input	880	(1)
45.26 Quoted hereis Document Terminators: sh vs. csh	881	(1)
45.27 Turn Off echo for "Secret" Answers	881	(1)
45.28 Quick Reference: expr	882	(2)
45.29 Testing Characters in a String with expr	884	(1)
45.30 Grabbing Parts of a String	884	(2)
45.31 Nested Command Substitution	886	(2)
45.32 A Better read Command: grabchars	888	(1)
45.33 Testing Two Strings With One case Statement	889	(1)
45.34 Arrays in the Bourne Shell	890	(1)
45.35 Using a Control Character in a Script	890	(1)
45.36 Shell Lockfile	891	(3)
Chapter 46: Shell Script Debugging and Gotchas	894	(10)
46.01 Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts	894	(2)
46.02 Quoting Trouble? Think, Then Use echo	896	(1)
46.03 Bourne Shell Debugger Shows a Shell Variable	896	(1)
46.04 Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests	897	(1)
46.05 Stop Syntax Errors in String Tests	897	(1)
46.06 Watch Out for Bourne Shell -e Bug	898	(1)
46.07 Quoting and Command-Line Parameters	898	(2)
46.08 Test Built-In Commands for Failure	900	(1)
46.09 If Command Doesn't Return a Status, Test the Error Messages	901	(1)
46.10 A Portable echo Command	902	(2)
Chapter 47: C Shell Programming NOT	904	(15)
47.01 Why Not?	904	(1)
47.02 C Shell Programming Considered Harmful	904	(7)
47.03 Conditional Statements with if	911	(1)
47.04 C Shell Variable Operators and Expressions	911	(3)
47.05 Using C Shell Arrays	914	(1)
47.06 Quick Reference: C Shell switch Statement	915	(4)
Part Nine: Miscellaneous	919	(114)
Chapter 48: Office Automation	919	(20)
48.01 Well, What Else Could We Call It?	919	(1)
48.02 Online Phone and Address Lists	920	(1)
48.03 A Scretchpad on Your Screen	921	(1)
48.04 Automatics Reminder and More: calender	922	(2)
48.05 leave: A Maddening Aid to Quitting on Time	924	(1)
48.06 Get Calendar for Any Month or Year: cal	925	(1)
48.07 cal That Marks Today's Date	926	(1)
48.08 Calendar for 132-Column Terminals or Printers	927	(1)
48.09 PostScript Calendars with pcal	927	(3)
48.10 Working with Names and Addresses	930	(5)
48.11 The index Database Program	935	(3)
48.12 Using index with a Filter	938	(1)
Chapter 49: Working with Numbers	939	(6)
49.01 bc: Simple Match at the Shell Prompt	939	(1)
49.02 bc: Hexadecimal or Binnary Conversion	940	(1)
49.03 Gotchas in Base Conversion	941	(1)
49.04 bc's Sine and Cosine Are in Radians	941	(1)
49.05 Base Conversion Using cvtbase	942	(1)
49.06 Quick Arithmetic with expr	942	(1)
49.07 Total a Column with addup	943	(1)
49.08 It's Great to Have a Spreadsheet	943	(1)
49.09 Business Graphics with ipl	944	(1)
Chapter 50: Help--Online Documentation, etc.	945	(17)
50.01 UNIX Online Documentation	945	(2)
50.02 The apropos Command	947	(1)
50.03 apropos on Systems Without apropos	947	(2)
50.04 whatis: One-Line Command Summaries	949	(1)
50.05 whereis: Finding Where a Command Is Located	949	(1)
50.06 Searching Online Manual Pages	950	(1)
50.07 How UNIX Systems Remember Their Name	951	(1)
50.08 Which Version Am I Using?	951	(2)
50.09 Reading a Permuted Index	953	(1)
50.10 Make Your Own Man Pages Without Learning troff	954	(2)
50.11 Writing a Simple Man Page With the-man Macros	956	(2)
50.12 Common UNIX Error Messages	958	(4)
Chapter 51: Miscellaneous Useful Programs and Curiosities	962	(9)
51.01 We Are Finally Getting to the Bottom of the Bucket	962	(1)
51.02 How UNIX Keeps Time	962	(1)
51.03 ASCII Characters: Listing and Getting Values	963	(1)
51.04 Who's On?	964	(1)
51.05 Copy What You Do With script	965	(1)
51.06 Cleaning script Files	966	(1)
51.07 When You Get Impatient	966	(1)
51.08 Type Bang Splat. Don't Forget the Rabbit Ears	967	(1)
51.09 Making a "Login" Shell	968	(1)
51.10 The date Command	969	(1)
51.11 Making an Arbitary-Size File for Testing	969	(1)
51.12 You Don't Have Enough Smileys?	970	(1)
Chapter 52: What's on the Disc	971	(51)
52.01 Introduction	971	(1)
52.02 Where Does Free Software End and UNIX Begin?	972	(1)
52.03 Shrink-Wrapped Software for UNIX	973	(1)
52.04 Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc	974	(18)
52.05 Using the Power Tools of CD-ROM	992	(12)
52.06 Don't Have a CD-ROM Drive?	1004	(1)
52.07 Other Ways to Get the Software	1005	(2)
52.08 Building Programs from Source Code	1007	(13)
52.09 Software Support from RTR	1020	(2)
Chapter 53: Glossary	1022	(11)
Index	1033