Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium

by Guillaumont; Fanghänel; Fuger; Grenthe; Neck; Palmer; Rand; Mompean; Domenech-Orti; Ben-Said; Illemassène

• ISBN13: 9780444514011
• ISBN10: 0444514015
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-11-04
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

This volume is part of the series on "Chemical Thermodynamics", published under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, and updates and expands the thermodynamic data on inorganic compounds and complexes of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and technetium contained in the previous volumes of the series. A review team, composed of seven internationally recognized experts, has critically reviewed during five years all the scientific literature containing chemical thermodynamic information for the above mentioned systems that has appeared since the publication of the earlier volumes. The results of this critical review carried out following the Guidelines of the OECD NEA Thermochemical Database Project have been documented in the present volume, which contains new tables of selected values for formation and reaction thermodynamical properties and an extensive bibliography.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Acknowledgement	vii
Note from the chairman of the NEA TDB Project Phase II	ix
Editor's note	xi
Part I Introductory material	1	(40)
1 INTRODUCTION	3	(6)
1.1 Background	3	(1)
1.2 Focus of the review	4	(1)
1.3 Review procedure and results	5	(4)
2 STANDARDS, CONVENTIONS AND CONTENTS OF THE TABLES	9	(32)
2.1 Symbols, terminology and nomenclature	9	(19)
2.1.1 Abbreviations	9	(2)
2.1.2 Symbols and terminology	11	(2)
2.1.3 Chemical formulae and nomenclature	13	(1)
2.1.4 Phase designators	13	(2)
2.1.5 Processes	15	(1)
2.1.6 Spectroscopic constants and statistical mechanics calculations for gaseous species	16	(1)
2.1.7 Equilibrium constants	17	(7)
2.1.7.1 Protonation of a ligand	17	(1)
2.1.7.2 Formation of metal complexes	18	(2)
2.1.7.3 Solubility constants	20	(1)
2.1.7.4 Equilibria involving the addition of a gaseous ligand	21	(1)
2.1.7.5 Redox equilibria	21	(3)
2.1.8 pH	24	(2)
2.1.9 Order of formulae	26	(2)
2.1.10 Reference codes	28	(1)
2.2 Units and conversion factors	28	(3)
2.3 Standard and reference conditions	31	(4)
2.3.1 Standard state	31	(1)
2.3.2 Standard state pressure	32	(3)
2.3.3 Reference temperature	35	(1)
2.4 Fundamental physical constants	35	(1)
2.5 Uncertainty estimates	36	(1)
2.6 The NEA-TDB system	36	(2)
2.7 Presentation of the selected data	38	(3)
Part II Tables of selected data	41	(110)
3 SELECTED DATA FOR URANIUM	43	(36)
3.1 General considerations	43	(1)
3.2 Precautions to be observed in the use of the tables	44	(35)
4 SELECTED DATA FOR NEPTUNIUM	79	(18)
4.1 General considerations	79	(1)
4.2 Precautions to be observed in the use of the tables	80	(17)
5 SELECTED DATA FOR PLUTONIUM	97	(16)
5.1 General considerations	91	(7)
5.2 Precautions to be observed in the use of the tables	98	(15)
6 SELECTED DATA FOR AMERICIUM	113	(12)
6.1 General considerations	113	(1)
6.2 Precautions to be observed in the use of the tables	114	(11)
7 SELECTED DATA FOR TECHNETIUM	125	(8)
7.1 General considerations	125	(1)
7.2 Precautions to be observed in the use of the tables	126	(7)
8 SELECTED AUXILIARY DATA	133	(18)
Part III Discussion of new data selection	151	(244)
9 DISCUSSION OF NEW DATA SELECTION FOR URANIUM	157	(136)
9.1 Elemental uranium (V.1)	157	(1)
9.1.1 Uranium metal (V.1.1)	157
9.1.2 Uranium gas (V.1.2)	151	(7)
9.2 Simple uranium aqua ions (V.2)	158	(2)
9.2.1 U02+2 (V.2.1)	159	(1)
9.2.2 U0+2 (V.2.2)	160	(1)
9.2.3 U4+ (V.2.3) and U3+ (V.2.4)	160	(1)
9.3 Uranium oxygen and hydrogen compounds and complexes (V.3)	160	(35)
9.3.1 Gaseous uranium oxides and hydroxides	160	(4)
9.3.1.1 Gaseous uranium oxides (V.3.1)	160	(1)
9.3.1.1.1 UO(g)	160	(1)
9.3.1.1.2 UO3(g)	161	(1)
9.3.1.2 Gaseous uranium hydroxides	162	(1)
9.3.1.2.1 UO2(OH)2(g)	162	(2)
9.3.2 Aqueous uranium hydroxide complexes (V.3.2)	164	(24)
9.3.2.1 U(VI) hydroxide complexes (V.3.2.1)	164	(1)
9.3.2.1.1 Major polymeric species at 298.15 K (V.3.2.1.1)	169	(1)
9.3.2.1.2 Monomeric cationic and neutral hydrolysis species (V.3.2.1.2)	175	(1)
9.3.2.1.3 Anionic hydrolysis species (V.3.2.1.3)	176	(1)
9.3.2.1.4 Other polymeric cationic hydrolysis species (V.3.2.1.4)	178	(1)
9.3.2.1.5 Relevant Solubility studies	178	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.1 Schoepite	179	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.1.1 Temperature dependence (V.3.2.1.5)	179	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.2 Polyuranates	180	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.2.1 CaU6O19. 11H2O(cr)	180	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.2.2 Na2U2O7. xH2O(cr)	181	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.2.3 NaXUO(3+x/2).H2O(cr)	182	(1)
9.3.2.1.5.2.4 K2U6O19. 11H2O(cr)	182	(1)
9.3.2.2 U(IV) hydroxide complexes (V.3.2.3)	182	(1)
9.3.2.2.1 Solubility of UO2(am) (=UO2(am, hydr.)	184	(1)
9.3.2.2.2 Solubility of UO2(cr)	185	(1)
9.3.2.2.3 Comparison ofthe solubilities of UO2(am) and UO2(cr)	186	(1)
9.3.2.2.4 Selection of equilibrium constants	187	(1)
9.3.2.3 U(III) hydroxide complexes (V.3.2.4)	188	(1)
9.3.3 Crystalline and amorphous uranium oxides and hydroxides (V.3.3)	188	(7)
9.3.3.1 U(VI) oxides and hydroxides (V.3.3.1)	188	(1)
9.3.3.1.1 Other forms of anhydrous U03(cr) (V.3.3.1.2)	188	(1)
9.3.3.1.2 U(VI) hydrated oxides and hydroxides (V.3.3.1.5)	188	(1)
9.3.3.1.2.1 UO3.2H2O (cr)	189	(1)
9.3.3.1.2.2 UO2(OH)2(cr) or UO3.H2O(cr)	190	(1)
9.3.3.1.2.3 UO3.xH2O	191	(1)
9.3.3.1.3 U(VI) peroxides (V.3.3.1.4)	192	(1)
9.3.3.2 U(IV) oxides (V.3.3.2)	193	(1)
9.3.3.2.1 Crystalline U02 (uraninite) (V.3.3.2.1)	193	(1)
9.3.3.3 Mixed valence oxides (V.3.3.3)	193	(1)
9.3.3.3.1 UO23333(=1/3 U3O7) (V.3.3.3.2)	193	(1)
9.3.3.3.2 Hydrogen insertion compounds	194	(1)
9.3.3.3.3 Other mixed valence oxides (V.3.3.3.4)	194	(1)
9.3.4 Uranium hydrides (V.3.4)	195	(1)
9.4 Uranium group 17 (halogen) compounds and complexes (V.4)	195	(35)
9.4.1 General	195	(4)
9.4.1.1 Molecular parameters of the gaseous uranium halide species	195	(4)
9.4.2 Fluorine compounds and complexes (V.4.1)	199	(15)
9.4.2.1 Gaseous uranium fluorides (V.4.1.1)	199	(1)
9.4.2.1.1 UF(g), UF2(g) and UF3(g) (V.4.1.1.1 and V.4.1.1.2)	199	(1)
9.4.2.1.2 UF4(g) (V.4.1.1.3)	201	(1)
9.4.2.1.3 UF5(g) (V.4.1.1.4)	204	(1)
9.4.2.1.4 UF6(g) (V.4.1.1.5)	206	(1)
9.4.2.1.5 U2F10(g) and U2F11(g) (V.4.1.1.6)	206	(1)
9.4.2.1.6 UO2F2(g) (V.4.1.1.7)	207	(1)
9.4.2.1.7 UOF4(g) (V.4.1.1.8)	208	(1)
9.4.2.2 Aqueous uranium fluorides (V.4.1.2)	209	(1)
9.4.2.2.1 Aqueous U(VI) fluorides (V.4.1.2.1)	209	(1)
9.4.2.2.1.1 Binary complexes	209	(1)
9.4.2.2.1.2 Ternary U(VI) hydroxide-fluoride complexes	210	(1)
9.4.2.2.2 Aqueous U(IV) fluorides (V.4.1.2.3)	210	(3)
9.4.2.3 Solid uranium fluorides (V.4.1.3)	213	(1)
9.4.2.3.1 Binary uranium fluorides and their hydrates (V.4.1.3.1)	213	(1)
9.4.2.3.1.1 UF3(cr) and UF4(cr)	213	(1)
9.4.2.3.1.1.1 High temperature heat capacity	213	(1)
9.4.2.3.2 Other U(VI) fluorides (V.4.1.3.2)	213	(1)
9.4.2.3.2.1 UO2F2(cr) and its hydrates	213	(1)
9.4.3 Chlorine compounds and complexes (V.4.2)	214	(10)
9.4.3.1 Uranium chlorides (V.4.2.1)	214	(1)
9.4.3.1.1 Gaseous uranium chlorides (V.4.2.1.1)	214	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.1 UC1(g), UC12(g) and UC13(g)	214	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.2 UC14(g)	216	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.3 UC15(g)	217	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.4 UC16(g)	218	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.5 U2C18(g)	219	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.6 U2C110(g)	219	(1)
9.4.3.1.1.7 U02C12(g)	220	(1)
9.4.3.1.2 Aqueous uranium chlorides (V.4.2.1.2.)	221	(1)
9.4.3.1.2.1 Aqueous U(VI) chlorides	221	(1)
9.4.3.1.2.2 Aqueous U(IV) chlorides	221	(1)
9.4.3.1.3 Solid uranium chlorides (V.4.2.1.3)	222	(1)
9.4.3.1.3.1 UC13(cr)	222	(1)
9.4.3.1.3.2 UC14(cr)	223	(1)
9.4.3.1.3.3 UC16(cr)	224	(1)
9.4.3.2 Uranium hypochlorites	224	(1)
9.4.3.2.1 Aqueous U(VI) hypochlorites	224	(1)
9.4.4 Bromine compounds and complexes (V.4.3)	224	(4)
9.4.4.1 Gaseous uranium bromides (V.4.3.1.1)	224	(1)
9.4.4.1.1 UBr(g), UBr2(g) and UBr3(g)	224	(1)
9.4.4.1.2 UBr4(g)	226	(1)
9.4.4.1.3 UBr5(g)	228	(1)
9.4.4.2 Solid uranium bromides (V.4.3.1.3)	228	(1)
9.4.4.2.1 UBr4 (cr)	228	(1)
9.4.5 Iodides compounds and complexes (V.4.4.1)	228	(2)
9.4.5.1 Gaseous uranium iodides (V.4.4.1.1)	228	(1)
9.4.5.1.1 UI(g), UI2(g) and UI3(g)	229	(1)
9.4.5.1.2 UI4(g)	229	(1)
9.4.5.2 Solid uranium iodides (V.4.4.1.3)	230	(1)
9.5 Uranium group 16 (chalcogens) compounds and complexes (V.5)	230	(6)
9.5.1 Aqueous uranium sulphate (V.5.1.3.1)	230	(3)
9.5.1.1 Aqueous U(VI) sulphates	230	(1)
9.5.1.1.1 Binary complexes	230	(1)
9.5.1.1.2 Ternary hydroxide-sulphate complexes	232	(1)
9.5.2 Aqueous uranium selenate (V.5.2.3.1)	233	(1)
9.5.3 Tellurium compounds (V.5.3)	234	(2)
9.5.3.1 Uranium tellurides (V.5.3.1)	234	(1)
9.5.3.1.1 Binary uranium tellurides (V.5.3.1.1)	234	(1)
9.5.3.2 Solid uranium tellurites (V.5.3.2.2)	234	(1)
9.5.3.2.1 Uranium(VI) monotellurites	234	(1)
9.5.3.2.2 Uranium(VI) polytellurites	236	(1)
9.6 Uranium group 15 compounds and complexes (V.6)	236	(8)
9.6.1 Nitrogen compounds and complexes (V.6.1)	236	(3)
9.6.1.1 Uranium nitrides (V.6.1.1)	236	(1)
9.6.1.1.1 UN(cr) (V.6.1.1.1)	237	(1)
9.6.1.1.2 UN(g)	237	(2)
9.6.1.2 Uranium Nitrates (V.6.1.3)	239	(1)
9.6.1.2.1 Aqueous U(VI) nitrates	239	(1)
9.6.2 Uranium sulphamate	239	(1)
9.6.2.1 Aqueous U(VI) sulphamate	239	(1)
9.6.3 Uranium phosphorus compounds and complexes (V.6.2)	239	(4)
9.6.3.1 Aqueous uranium phosphorus species (V.6.2.1.)	239	(1)
9.6.3.1.1 The uranium-phosphoric acid system (V.6.2.1.1)	239	(1)
9.6.3.1.1.1 Complex formation in the U(VI)-H3PO4 system	239	(1)
9.6.3.1.1.2 Complex formation in the U(JV)-H3PO4 system	241	(1)
9.6.3.2 Solid uranium phosphorus compounds (V.6.2.2)	242	(1)
9.6.3.2.1 Uranium orthophosphates (V.6.2.2.5)	242	(1)
9.6.3.2.1.1 U(VI) orthophosphates	242	(1)
9.6.3.2.2 U(VI) phosphates and vanadates (V.6.2.2.10)	243	(1)
9.6.3.2.3 U(VI) fluorophosphates	243	(1)
9.6.4 U(VI) arsenates (V.6.3.2.1)	243	(1)
9.6.4.1 Aqueous U(VI) arsenates	243	(1)
9.6.5 USb(cr) (V.6.4.1)	244	(1)
9.7 Uranium group 14 compounds and complexes (V.7)	244	(13)
9.7.1 Uranium carbides (V.7.1.1)	244	(1)
9.7.1.1 UC(cr) (V.7.1.1.1)	244	(1)
9.7.2 The aqueous uranium carbonate system (V.7.1.2.1)	244	(8)
9.7.2.1 Uranium(VI) carbonates	244	(1)
9.1.2.1.1 Binary U(VI) carbonate complexes	246	(1)
9.7.2.1.2 Ternary U(VI) hydroxide carbonate complexes	247	(1)
9.7.2.1.3 Ternary U(VI) fluoride carbonate complexes	248	(1)
9.7.2.1.4 Calcium uranium carbonate complex	248	(1)
9.7.2.2 Solid U(VI) carbonates compounds	249	(1)
9.7.2.3 Uranium(V) carbonates	250	(1)
9.7.2.3.1 Aqueous U(V) carbonates complexes	250	(1)
9.7.2.4 Uranium(IV) carbonates	250	(1)
9.7.2.4.1 Binary U(IV) carbonate complexes	250	(1)
9.7.2.4.2 Ternary U(IV) hydroxide carbonate complexes	251	(1)
9.7.3 Silicon compounds and complexes (V.7.2)	252	(5)
9.7.3.1 Aqueous uranium silicates (V.7.2.1)	252	(2)
9.7.3.2 Solid uranium silicates (V.7.2.2)	254	(1)
9.7.3.2.1 Solid U(IV) silicates	254	(1)
9.7.3.2.2 Solid U(VI) silicates	254	(1)
9.7.3.2.3 (UO2)2SiO4.2H2O (soddyite) (V.7.2.2.1)	254	(1)
9.7.3.2.4 Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2.5H2O (uranophane), Na(UO2)(SiO3OH).2H2O (sodium boltwoodite) and Na2(UO2)2(Si2O5)3.4H2O (sodium weeksite)	256	(1)
9.8 Uranium actinide complexes (V.8)	257	(1)
9.8.1 Actinides-actinides interactions (V.8.1)	251	(6)
9.9 Uranium group 2 (alkaline-earth) compounds (V.9)	257	(10)
9.9.1 Magnesium compounds (V.92)	257	(2)
9.9.2 Calcium compounds (V.9.3)	259	(1)
9.9.2.1 Calcium uranates (V.9.3.1.)	259	(1)
9.9.2.1.1 CaUO4(cr) (V.9.3.1.1)	259	(1)
9.9.2.1.2 CaUO6O19.11H2O(cr)	259	(1)
9.9.2.1.3 Other calcium uranates	259	(1)
9.9.3 Strontium compounds (V.9.4)	259	(6)
9.9.3.1 SrUO3(cr)	260	(1)
9.9.3.2 Strontium uranates (VI)	261	(1)
9.9.3.2.1 α-SrUO4 (V.9.4.1.1)	261	(1)
9.9.3.2.2 β-SrUO4 (V.9.4.1.2)	261	(1)
9.9.3.2.3 SrU4O13 (V.9.4.2)	262	(1)
9.9.3.2.4 Sr2UO5 (V.9.4.3)	262	(1)
9.9.3.2.5 Sr2U3O11(V.9.4.4)	263	(1)
9.9.3.2.6 Sr3UO6 (V.9.4.5)	263	(1)
9.9.3.2.7 Sr3U11O36	263	(1)
9.9.3.2.8 Sr5U3O14	264	(1)
9.9.3.2.9 Sr3U2O9	264	(1)
9.9.3.3 Strontium uranates (V)	265	(1)
9.9.3.3.1 Sr2UO4.5	265	(1)
9.9.3.4 Strontium uranium tellurites	265	(1)
9.9.4 Barium compounds (V.9.5)	265	(2)
9.9.4.1 BaUO3(cr) (V.9.5.1.1)	265	(2)
9.10 Uranium group 1(alkali) compounds (V.10)	267	(12)
9.10.1 General	267	(2)
9.10.2 Lithium compounds (V.10.1)	269	(2)
9.10.2.1 Other uranates	269	(2)
9.10.3 Sodium compounds (V.10.2)	271	(3)
9.10.3.1 Sodium monouranates (VI) (V.10.2.1.1)	271	(1)
9.10.3.2 Sodium monouranates (V) (V.10.2.1.2)	271	(1)
9.10.3.2.1 NaUO3(cr)	271
9.10.3.3 Other sodium uranates	212	(62)
9.10.3.4 Sodium polyuranates (V.10.2.2)	274	(1)
9.10.3.4.1 Na2U2O7(cr) (V.10.2.2.1)	274	(1)
9.10.3.4.2 Na6U7O24(cr) (V.10.2.2.3)	274	(1)
9.10.4 Potassium compounds (V.10.3)	274	(1)
9.10.4.1 KUO3 (cr) (V.10.3.1)	274	(1)
9.10.4.2 K2U2O,(cr) (V.10.3.3)	275
9.10.4.3 K2U4O12(cr), K2U4O13(cr)	215	(60)
9.10.4.4 K2U6O19.11 H2O(cr)	275	(1)
9. 10.5 Rubidium compounds (V.10.4)	275	(2)
9.10.5.1 RbUO3(cr) (V.10.4.1)	215	(61)
9.10.5.2 Rb2U3O8.5(cr), Rb2U4O11(cr), Rb2U4O12(cr) and Rb2U4O13(cr)	276	(1)
9.10.5.3 Rb2U(SO4)3(cr)	277	(1)
9.10.6 Caesium compounds (V.10.5)	277	(2)
9.10.6.1 Caesium monouranate (V.10.5.1)	277	(1)
9.10.6.2 Caesium polyuranates (V.10.5.2)	277	(1)
9.10.6.2.1 Cs2U2O7(cr) (V.10.5.2.1)	211	(1)
9.10.6.2.2 Cs4U5O1 7(cr)	278	(1)
9.10.6.2.3 Cs2U4O12(cr) and Cs2U4O13(cr)	278	(1)
9.11 Uranium compounds with elements from other groups	279	(3)
9.11.1 Thallium compounds	279	(1)
9.11.1.1 Thallium uranates	279	(1)
9.11.2 Zinc compounds	280	(1)
9.11.3 Polyoxometallates	280	(2)
9.12 Uranium mineral phases	282	(11)
9.12.1 Introduction	282	(1)
9.12.2 Review of papers	282	(3)
9.12.3 Summary of mineral information	285	(8)
10 DISCUSSION OF NEW DATA SELECTION FOR NEPTUNIUM	293	(20)
10.1 Neptunium aqua ions (7)	293	(1)
10.2 Neptunium oxygen and hydrogen compounds and complexes (8)	294	(5)
10.2.1 Aqueous neptunium hydroxide complexes (8.1)	294
10.2.1.1 Neptunium (VI) hydroxide complex (8.1.2)	294	(1)
10.2.1.2 Neptunium(V) hydroxide complexes (8.1.3)	294	(1)
10.2.1.3 Neptunium(IV) hydroxide complexes (8.1.4)	294
10.2.2 Crystalline and amorphous neptunium oxides and hydroxides (8.2)	291	(8)
10.2.2.1 Solubility of neptunium(V) oxides and hydroxides (8.2.4)	297	(1)
10.2.2.2 Neptunium(IV) oxides and hydroxides (8.2.5)	297	(1)
10.2.2.2.1 Solubility of crystalline oxide NpO2(cr) (8.2.5.1)	297	(1)
10.2.2.2.2 Solubility of amorphous oxide NpO2(am, hydr.) (8.2.5.2)	298	(1)
10.3 Neptunium halide compounds (9.1)	299	(1)
10.3.1 Neptunium fluoride compounds (9.1.2)	299	(1)
10.3.1.1 NPF(g), NPF2(g), NPF3(g) (9.1.2.1, 9.1.2.3)	299	(1)
10.4 Neptunium group 15 compounds and complexes (11)	300	(1)
10.4.1 Neptunium nitrogen compounds (11.1)	300	(1)
10.4.1.1 NpN(cr) (11.1.1.1)	300	(1)
10.4.2 Neptunium antimony compounds	301	(1)
10.4.2.1 Neptunium antimonides	301	(1)
10.4.2.1.1 Neptunium monoantimonide	301	(1)
10.5 Neptunium chloride (9.2.2), nitrate (11.1.4.1) complexes and complexes with other actinides	301	(1)
10.6 Neptunium carbon compounds and complexes (12.1)	301	(12)
10.6.1 Aqueous neptunium carbonate complexes (12.1.2.1)	301	(4)
10.6.1.1 Ternary Np(IV) hydroxide-carbonate complexes	302	(3)
10.6.2 Solid neptunium carbonates (12.1.2.2)	305	(8)
10.6.2.1 Solid alkali metal neptunium(V) carbonates hydrates (12.1.2.2.2)	305	(1)
10.6.2.1.1 Sodium neptunium(V) carbonates	305	(1)
10.6.2.1.2 Potassium neptunium(V) carbonates	311	(2)
11 DISCUSSION OF NEW DATA SELECTION FOR PLUTONIUM	313	(20)
11.1 Plutonium aqua ions (16.1)	313	(1)
11.2 Plutonium oxygen and hydrogen compounds and complexes (17)	313	(10)
11.2.1 Aqueous hydroxide complexes (11.1)	313	(2)
11.2.1.1 Plutonium(V) hydroxide complexes (17.1.2)	313	(1)
11.2.1.2 Plutonium(IV) hydroxides complexes (17.1.3)	313	(2)
11.2.2 Solid plutonium oxides and hydroxides (17.2)	315	(3)
11.2.2.1 Plutonium(IV) oxides and hydroxides	315	(1)
11.2.2.1.1 Solubility of crystalline oxide Pu02(cr) (11.2.1.2)	316	(1)
11.2.2.1.2 Solubility of amorphous oxide and hydroxide Pu02(am, hydr.)	316	(2)
11.2.3 Comparison of thermodynamic data for oxides and hydroxide complexes of terravalent actinides	318	(5)
11.2.3.1 Solid oxides and aqueous hydroxide complexes of tetravalent actinides	318	(3)
11.2.3.2 Crystalline and amorphous oxides	321	(2)
11.3 Plutonium group 17 complexes	323	(1)
11.3.1 Aqueous plutonium chloride complexes (18.2.2.1)	323	(1)
11.3.1.1 Pu(III) chloride complexes	323	(1)
11.3.1.2 Pu(VI) chloride complexes	323	(1)
11.3.1.3 Cation-cation complexes of Pu(V)	324	(1)
11.4 Plutonium group 16 compounds and complexes (19)	324	(1)
11.4.1 Plutonium selenium compounds	324	(1)
11.4.1.1 Plutonium selenides	324	(1)
11.4.1.1.1 Plutonium monoselenide	324	(1)
11.4.2 Plutonium tellurium compounds	325	(1)
11.4.2.1 Plutonium tellurides	325	(1)
11.4.2.1.1 Plutonium monotelluride	325	(1)
11.5 Plutonium nitrogen compounds and complexes	325	(1)
11.5.1 Plutonium nitrides	325	(1)
11.5.1.1 PuN(cr)	325	(1)
11.6 Plutonium carbon compounds and complexes (21.1.2)	325	(7)
11.6.1 Aqueous plutonium carbonates (21.1.2.1)	325	(6)
11.6.1.1 Pu(VI) carbonate complexes (21.1.2.1.1)	325	(2)
11.6.1.2 Pu(IV) carbonate complexes (21.1.2.1.3)	327	(4)
11.6.2 Solid plutonium carbonate (21.1.2.2)	331	(1)
11.6.2.1 Solid Pu(VI) carbonates (21.1.2.2.1)	331	(1)
11.7 Plutonium group 2 (alkaline-earth) compounds	332	(1)
11.7.1 Plutonium-strontium compounds (22.1)	332	(1)
11.7.2 Plutonium-barium compounds (22.1)	332	(1)
11.7.2.1 BaPuO3(cr) (22.2.2)	332	(1)
12 DISCUSSION OF NEW DATA SELECTION FOR AMERICIUM	333	(56)
12.1 Introductory remarks	333	(2)
12.1.1 Estimation of standard entropies (V.4.2.1.2)	333	(2)
12.1.2 Introductory remarks on the inclusion of thermodynamic data of aqueous Cm(III) complexes in this review (V.1)	335	(1)
12.2 Elemental americium (V.1)	335	(1)
12.2.1 Americium ideal monatomic gas (V.1.2)	335	(1)
12.2.1.1 Heat capacity and entropy (V.1.2.1)	335	(1)
12.2.1.2 Enthalpy of formation (V.1.2.2)	336	(1)
12.3 Americium oxygen and hydrogen compounds and complexes (V.3)	336	(18)
12.3.1 Aqueous americium hydroxide complexes (V.3.1)	336	(7)
12.3.1.1 Aqueous Am(III) and Cm(III) hydroxide complexes (V.3.1.1)	336	(6)
12.3.1.2 Aqueous Am(V) hydroxide complexes (V.3.12)	342	(1)
12.3.2 Solid americium oxides and hydroxides (V.3.2)	343	(11)
12.3.2.1 Americium oxides	343	(1)
12.3.2.2 Solid Am(III) hydroxides (V.3.2.4)	343	(9)
12.3.2.3 Solid Am(V) hydroxides (V.3.2.5)	352	(2)
12.4 Americium group 17(halogen) compounds and complexes (V.4)	354	(11)
12.4.1 Aqueous group 17 (halogen) complexes (V.4.1)	354	(4)
12.4.1.1 Aqueous Am(III) fluorides (V.4.1.1)	354	(2)
12.4.1.2 Aqueous Am(III) chloride complexes (V.4.1.2)	356	(1)
12.4.1.3 Aqueous Am(III) and Cm(III) chlorides (V.4.1.2.1)	356	(2)
12.4.2 Americium halide compounds (V.4.2)	358	(7)
12.4.2.1 Enthalpies of formation	358	(1)
12.4.2.2 Americium fluoride compounds (V.4.2.2)	359	(1)
12.4.2.2.1 Americium trifluoride (V.4.2.2.1)	359	(1)
12.4.2.2.1.1 AmF3(cr)	359	(1)
12.4.2.2.1.2 AmF3(g)	360	(1)
12.4.2.2.2 Americium tetrafluoride (V.4.2.2.2)	361	(1)
12.4.2.3 Americium chlorides (V.4.2.3)	362	(1)
12.4.2.3.1 Americium trichloride (V.4.2.3.2)	362	(1)
12.4.2.3.1.1 AmC13(cr)	362	(1)
12.4.2.3.2 Americium oxychloride (V.4.2.3.3)	362	(1)
12.4.2.3.3 Quaternary chloride Cs2NaAmC16(cr) (V.4.2.3.4.2)	363	(1)
12.4.2.4 Americium bromides (V.4.2.4)	363	(1)
12.4.2.4.1 Americium tribromide (V.4.2.4.2)	363	(1)
12.4.2.4.1.1 AmBr3(cr)	363	(1)
12.4.2.4.2 Americium oxybromide (V.4.2.4.3)	363	(1)
12.4.2.5 Americium iodides (V.4.2.5)	364	(1)
12.4.2.5.1 Americium triiodide (V,4.2.5.2)	364	(1)
12.4.2.5.1.1 Am13(cr)	364	(1)
12.5 Americium group 16 (chalcogen) compounds and complexes (V.5)	365	(4)
12.5.1 Americium sulphates (V.5.1.2)	365	(4)
12.5.1.1 Aqueous Am(III) and Cm(III) sulphate complexes(V.5.1.2.1)	365	(4)
12.6 Americium group 14 compounds and complexes (V.7)	369	(17)
12.6.1 Carbon compounds and complexes (V.7.1)	369	(16)
12.6.1.1 Americium carbonate compounds and complexes (V.7.1.2)	369	(1)
12.6.1.1.1 Aqueous Am(III) and Cm(III) carbonate complexes	369	(1)
12.6.1.1.1.1 Tetracarbonato complex	374	(1)
12.6.1.1.1.2 Am(III) and Cm(III) bicarbonate complexes	375	(1)
12.6.1.1.1.3 Mixed Am(III) and Cm(III) hydroxide-carbonate complexes	376	(1)
12.6.1.1.2 Am(V) carbonate complexes	376	(1)
12.6.1.1.3 Solid americium carbonates (V.7.1.2.2)	378	(1)
12.6.1.1.3.1 Americium(III) hydroxycarbonate AmOHCO3(s)	378	(1)
12.6.1.1.3.2 Americium(III) carbonate Am2(CO3)3(s)	381	(1)
12.6.1.1.3.3 Sodium americium(III) carbonates	382	(1)
12.6.1.1.3.4 Sodium dioxoamericium(V) carbonate NaAmO2CO3(s)	384	(1)
12.6.2 Aqueous americium silicates (V.7.2.2)	385	(1)
12.7 Americium group 6 compounds and complexes (V.10)	386	(3)
12.7.1 Americium(III) molybdate compounds and complexes	386	(1)
12.7.2 Aqueous complexes with tungstophosphate and tungstosilicate heteropolyanions (V.10.2)	386	(3)
13 DISCUSSION OF NEW DATA SELECTION FOR TECHNETIUM	389	(4)
13.1 Elemental technetium (V.1)	389	(1)
13.1.1 Heat capacity and entropy (V.1.1.2)	389	(1)
13.2 Simple technetium aqua ions of each oxidation state (V.2)	390	(1)
13.2.1 Tc04 (V.2.1)	390	(1)
13.3 Oxide and hydrogen compounds and complexes (V.3)	390	(1)
13.3.1 The acid/base chemistry of Tc(IV) (V.3.1 .1)	390	(1)
13.3.2 The protonation of Tc04 (V.3.1.2.1)	390	(1)
13.3.3 General properties, hydration number (V.3.2.5.1)	391	(1)
13.4 Group 17 (halogen) compounds and complexes (V.4)	391	(1)
13.4.1 Aqueous Tc(IV) halides (V.4.2.1.1)	391	(1)
13.4.2 Other aqueous halides (V.4.2.1.3)	391	(1)
13.5 Technetium nitrido compounds (V.6.1.3.1)	392	(1)
14 DISCUSSION OF NEW AUXILIARY DATA SELECTION	393	(2)
14.1 Group 16 (chalcogen) auxiliary species	393	(1)
14.1.1 Tellurium auxiliary species	393	(1)
14.1.1.1 Te02(cr)	393	(1)
14.2 Other auxiliary species	393	(1)
14.2.1 Copper auxiliary species	393	(1)
14.2.1.1 CuC1(g)	393	(1)
14.3 Group 2 (alkaline earth) auxiliary data	394	(1)
14.3.1 Calcium Auxiliary data	394	(1)
14.3.1.1 CaF(g)	394	(1)
14.3.1.2 CaCI(g)	394	(1)
14.3.2 Barium Auxiliary data	395	(1)
14.3.2.1 Ba(g)	395	(1)
14.3.2.2 BaF(g)	395	(1)
14.4 Sodium auxiliary data	395	(312)
14.4.1 NaNO3(cr) and NaNO3(aq)	395	(1)
Part IV Appendices	395	(370)
A Discussion of selected references	397	(310)
B Ionic strength corrections	707	(28)
B.1 The specific ion interaction equations	709	(13)
B.1.1 Background	709	(6)
B.1.2 Ionic strength corrections at temperatures other than 298.15 K	715	(2)
B.1.3 Estimation of ion interaction coefficients	717	(4)
B.1.3.1 Estimation from mean activity coefficient data	717
B.1.3.2 Estimations based on experimental values of equilibrium constants at different ionic strengths	117	(604)
B.1.4 On the magnitude of ion interaction coefficients	721	(1)
B.2 Ion interaction coefficients versus equilibrium constants for ion pairs	722	(1)
B.3 Tables of ion interaction coefficients	723	(12)
C Assigned uncertainties	735	(18)
C.1 The general problem	735	(2)
C.2 Uncertainty estimates in the selected thermodynamic data	737	(1)
C.3 One source datum	738	(1)
C.4 Two or more independent source data	739	(4)
C.4.1 Discrepancies	741	(2)
C.5 Several data at different ionic strengths	743	(5)
C.5.1 Discrepancies or insufficient number of data points	746	(2)
C.6 Procedures for data handling	748	(5)
C.6.1 Correction to zero ionic strength
C.6.2 Propagation of errors	750	(1)
C.6.3 Rounding	751	(1)
C.6.4 Significant digits	752	(1)
D Some limitations encountered in the use of the ionic strength correction procedures	753	(12)
D.1 Implications of neglecting triple ion interactions and the use of constant values for εj,k,lm)	154	(2)
D.2 Implications of neglecting anion-anion and cation-cation interactions	156	(609)
D.2.1 On the magnitude of anion-anion and cation-cation interactions	757	(5)
D.2.2 Discussion of ion interaction coefficients for the carbonate ion and the consequences for selected data	762	(3)
Bibliography	765	(116)
List of authors	881