Upgrading and Repairing Servers

by Mueller, Scott; Soper, Mark Edward; Sosinsky, Barrie

• ISBN13: 9780789728159
• ISBN10: 078972815X
• Edition: DVD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Que Pub

Summary

As the price of servers comes down to the level of desktop PCs, many small- and medium-sized businesses are forced to provide their own server setup, maintenance and support, without the high-dollar training enjoyed by their big corporation counterparts.Upgrading and Repairing Serversis the first line of defense for small- and medium-sized businesses, and an excellent go-to reference for the experienced administrators who have been asking for a reference guide like this one for a long time! It's all here in one, incredibly useful tome that you will refer to again and again. Inside is in-depth coverage of server design and implementation, building and deploying, server hardware components, network and backup operations, SAN, fault tolerance, server racks, server rooms, server operating systems, as well as SUN Microsystems servers. No other computer hardware book has ever dared tackle this enormous topic - until now!

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(1)
Book Objectives	1	(1)
Is This Book for You?	2	(1)
Chapter-by-Chapter Breakdown	2	(3)
www.upgradingandrepairingpcs.com	5	(2)
The History of Servers	7	(14)
Computer History: Pre- and Postserver	8	(5)
The Rise of Client/Server Computing	13	(1)
File and Print Services in Early Server Architectures	13	(1)
Introduction of Specialized Servers	14	(1)
Consolidation of Cost and Functionality	14	(3)
Introduction of High-Capacity RAM	15	(1)
The Importance of SCSI Technology	15	(1)
The Development of RAID Technology	16	(1)
The Development of Standard Server Platforms	16	(1)
Increasing Server Sophistication, Availability, and Reliability	17	(1)
The Development of Blade Servers	17	(1)
Emerging Server Hardware Trends	18	(3)
Continuing Standalone Server Niches	18	(1)
Increasing Proliferation of Multiway Blades	18	(1)
High-Availability and Reliability Versus Cost and Transaction Speed	18	(1)
Many Niches for Many Needs	18	(3)
Server Microprocessors	21	(124)
Server Processor Overview	23	(14)
Server Processor Specifications	32	(5)
Multiple CPUs	37	(5)
Performance Issues	37	(1)
SMP and Dual-Core Processors	38	(1)
NUMA Multiprocessing	38	(2)
Upgrading to Multiple Processors	40	(1)
Upgrading to a Dual-Core Processor	40	(1)
Multiprocessing and Operating Systems	40	(2)
Cache Memory	42	(8)
Internal Level 1 Cache	42	(3)
Level 2 Cache	45	(1)
Level 3 Cache	45	(1)
Cache Organization	45	(3)
Cache Considerations for Multiple-Processor Systems	48	(2)
Overview of x86-Compatible Servers Processors	50	(12)
Factors to Consider for Desktop Processors Used in Servers	50	(2)
x86 Processor Modes	52	(1)
64-Bit Processor Modes	52	(2)
Endianess and Server Processors	54	(1)
x86 Processor Speed Ratings	55	(2)
x86 Processor Features	57	(5)
Dual-Core Technology	62	(1)
Processor Socket and Slot Types	62	(17)
Overview of x86 and Itanium Server Processor and Socket Types	63	(1)
Packaging	64	(6)
ZIF Sockets	70	(1)
Socket 8	70	(1)
Socket 370	70	(2)
Socket 423	72	(1)
Socket 478	73	(1)
Socket 603 and Socket 604	73	(1)
Socket 775 (Socket T)	74	(1)
Socket A (Socket 462)	75	(1)
Socket 939	75	(1)
Socket 940	76	(1)
Pin Array Cartridge (PAC)	77	(2)
Operating Voltages	79	(1)
Heat Problems and Cooling CPUs	80	(7)
Heatsinks	80	(7)
Intel and AMD Processor Configurations	87	(43)
Pentium Pro Processors	87	(3)
Pentium II Processors	90	(1)
Pentium II Xeon	91	(2)
Pentium III Processors	93	(5)
Pentium III Xeon	98	(4)
Pentium 4 Processors	102	(12)
Xeon Processors	114	(7)
Itanium and Itanium 2 Processors	121	(5)
AMD Athlon MP Processors	126	(1)
AMD Opteron Processors	127	(3)
RISC-Based Server Processors	130	(6)
Alpha	130	(2)
PA-RISC 8xxx	132	(1)
MIPS R1xxxx	133	(1)
Power Architecture	133	(2)
PowerPC	135	(1)
Processor Replacement/Upgrades	136	(5)
Processor Installation Procedures	137	(4)
Hardware Compatibility with Server Platforms	141	(1)
Troubleshooting and Documenting Your Server's CPU	141	(4)
Processor Bugs	142	(3)
Server Chipsets	145	(80)
Server Chipsets Overview	146	(11)
Server Chipset History	147	(1)
Differences Between Server and Desktop Chipsets	148	(1)
The North Bridge and South Bridge Architectures	149	(2)
Intel Hub Architecture	151	(3)
VIA V-Link	154	(1)
The ServerWorks Inter Module Bus (IMB)	155	(1)
HyperTransport	155	(1)
Four-Way and Eight-Way Server Chipsets	156	(1)
Criteria for Real-World Server Chipsets	157	(9)
Comparison of System and Component Bus Speeds	157	(7)
About Intel Chipsets	164	(2)
Intel Pentium Pro/II/III Chipsets for Servers	166	(14)
The Intel 450KX/GX (Mars/Orion) Chipsets	168	(1)
The Intel 440FX (Natoma) Chipset	169	(2)
The Intel 440LX Chipset	171	(1)
The Intel 440BX Chipset	171	(1)
The Intel 440GX Chipset	172	(1)
The Intel 450NX Chipset	173	(2)
The Intel (Corollary) Profusion Chipset	175	(2)
The Intel 820 and 820E Chipsets	177	(1)
The Intel 840 Chipset	178	(2)
Intel Pentium 4 Chipsets for Single-Processor Servers	180	(8)
The Intel 845 Family of Chipsets	183	(1)
The Intel 875P Chipset	184	(1)
The Intel 925X Chipset	184	(1)
Intel 955X and 975X (Glenwood) Chipset Family	185	(1)
The E7210 Chipset	185	(1)
The E7221 Chipset	185	(2)
The E7230 Chipset	187	(1)
Intel ICH Chips for 9xx and E72xx Chipsets	187	(1)
Intel Xeon DP and Xeon MP Chipsets	188	(4)
The Intel 860 Chipset	188	(1)
The Intel E7500 Chipset	188	(1)
The Intel E7501 Chipset	189	(1)
The Intel E7505 Chipset	189	(1)
The Intel E7520 and E7320 Chipsets	189	(1)
The Intel E8500 Chipset	190	(2)
Intel Itanium and Itanium 2 Chipsets	192	(4)
The Intel 460GX Chipset for Itanium	192	(1)
The Intel E8870 Chipset for Itanium 2	193	(3)
Broadcom ServerWorks Chipsets for Intel Processors	196	(6)
ServerWorks Chipsets for Intel Pentium III Xeon Processors	196	(2)
ServerWorks Chipsets for Intel Xeon Processors	198	(3)
ServerWorks South Bridge and Support Chips	201	(1)
Other Third-Party Server Chipsets for Intel Processors	202	(12)
VIA Technologies Chipsets for Intel Server Processors	202	(2)
IBM Chipsets for Intel Server-Class Processors	204	(6)
Hewlett-Packard Server Chipsets for Intel Processors	210	(4)
AMD Athlon MP and Opteron Server-Class Chipsets	214	(7)
The AMD-760 Family of Chipsets	215	(1)
AMD Opteron Chipsets	216	(1)
The AMD 8000 Chipset	217	(3)
The NVIDIA nForce Professional 2000 Series of Chipsets	220	(1)
The ServerWorks HT Series of Chipsets	220	(1)
Determining Hardware Compatibility with Server Platforms	221	(1)
Determining Operating System Compatibility	221	(1)
Integration with Bus Types	222	(1)
Conclusions, Troubleshooting, and Documentation	222	(3)
Server Motherboards and BIOS	225	(120)
Motherboard Types and Form Factors	226	(21)
ATX Motherboards	228	(10)
Backplane Systems	238	(3)
BTX Motherboards	241	(4)
Proprietary Server Designs	245	(2)
Power Supplies and Connectors	247	(8)
ATX Power Supply Standards	248	(3)
SSI Power Supply Standards	251	(2)
ATX GES and WTX Power Supply Connectors	253	(2)
Server Motherboard Components	255	(13)
Processor Sockets and Slots	256	(1)
Chipsets and Super I/O Chips	257	(1)
Memory: SIMM/DIMM/RIMM/SDRAM/DDR	257	(1)
Expansion Slots: ISA, PCI, AGP, and Others	258	(9)
CPU Voltage Regulators	267	(1)
BIOS Chips	268	(1)
CMOS Battery	268	(1)
System Resources	268	(11)
IRQ	269	(5)
DMA Channels	274	(1)
I/O Port Addresses	275	(4)
Embedded and Integrated Components	279	(7)
SCSI, ATA/IDE, and SATA	284	(1)
NICs, Modems, and Wireless NICs	285	(1)
Legacy Ports (Serial, Parallel, Keyboard, and Mouse)	285	(1)
USB and IEEE 1394	286	(1)
ROM BIOS	286	(41)
Motherboard BIOS	286	(3)
BIOS Types	289	(2)
Initiatlizing a PnP Device	291	(2)
BIOS Manufacturers	293	(2)
Accessing the Motherboard BIOS	295	(1)
CMOS Settings and Specifications	296	(16)
Considerations for BIOS Upgrades	312	(1)
Where to Get a BIOS Update	312	(1)
Determining the BIOS Version	313	(1)
Backing Up Your BIOS	313	(1)
Backing Up BIOS CMOS Settings	313	(1)
Upgrading a Flash BIOS	314	(2)
Troubleshooting BIOS and System Problems	316	(11)
Troubleshooting Other Server Platforms	327	(3)
IBM Light Path Diagnostics	328	(1)
Hewlett-Packard's RX Series Integrity Server LEDs	328	(1)
Configuring and Troubleshooting Sun SPARC Systems with EEPROM	329	(1)
Troubleshooting and Managing Hewlett-Packard Servers	329	(1)
Upgrading Versus Replacing Motherboards	330	(1)
Memory, CPU, BIOS, and Component Upgrades	330	(1)
Motherboard Replacement	330	(1)
Troubleshooting Server Motherboards and BIOS	331	(13)
Troubleshooting by Replacing Parts	331	(1)
Troubleshooting Using the Bootstrap Approach	332	(1)
Problems During the POST	333	(1)
Problems Running Software	334	(1)
Resource Conflicts	334	(1)
Special Server Problems	334	(10)
The Importance of Documentation	344	(1)
Memory	345	(60)
Memory Basics	346	(4)
ROM	347	(1)
DRAM	347	(1)
SRAM: Cache Memory	348	(2)
The System Logical Memory Layout	350	(9)
Upper Memory Area (UMA)	353	(3)
Extended Memory	356	(1)
Preventing ROM BIOS Memory Conflicts and Overlap	356	(1)
ROM Shadowing	357	(1)
Adapter Memory Configuration and Optimization	357	(2)
Memory Types Overview	359	(2)
Early Server RAM Types: DRAM, EDO DRAM, and SDRAM	361	(3)
Fast Page Mode DRAM	361	(1)
EDO DRAM	361	(1)
SDRAM	362	(2)
DDR SDRAM, DDR2-SDRAM, and RDRAM	364	(3)
DDR SDRAM	364	(1)
DDR2 SDRAM	365	(1)
RDRAM	366	(1)
Memory Modules	367	(25)
SIMMs, DIMMs, and RIMMs	368	(6)
SIMM Pinouts	374	(3)
DIMM Pinouts	377	(2)
DDR DIMM Pinouts	379	(2)
DDR2 DIMM Pinouts	381	(2)
RIMM Pinouts	383	(3)
Determining a Memory Module's Size and Features	386	(1)
Memory Banks	387	(1)
Memory Module Speed	388	(1)
Parity and ECC	389	(3)
Installing RAM Upgrades	392	(5)
Upgrade Options and Strategies	392	(1)
Selecting and Installing Memory	393	(4)
Common Server Configurations and Features	397	(2)
Server Chipsets and Memory Types Used	398	(1)
Chipsets for AMD Opteron and DDR Memory	399	(1)
Servers That Use RDRAM Memory	399	(1)
Troubleshooting Memory Problems	399	(6)
Testing Memory	401	(2)
Memory Defect Isolation Procedures	403	(2)
The ATA/IDE Interface	405	(42)
Origins of IDE	406	(1)
IDE Variations	407	(2)
ATA Standards	409	(4)
ATA-6/ATAPI	411	(1)
ATA-7/ATAPI	412	(1)
SATA/ATAPI-8	412	(1)
ATA Features and Resource Allocations	413	(17)
PATA	413	(11)
SATA	424	(5)
Advanced Host Controller Interface	429	(1)
SATA Transfer Modes	430	(1)
ATA Features	430	(3)
ATA Commands	430	(1)
The Host Protected Area	431	(1)
ATAPI	432	(1)
ATA Drive Capacity Limitations	433	(6)
Prefixes for Decimal and Binary Multiples	433	(1)
BIOS Limitations	433	(2)
Increasing ATA Drive Size: CHS and LBA Modes	435	(4)
Common ATA Configurations for Server Platforms	439	(4)
ATA/ATAPI Configurations for Server Platforms	439	(1)
SATA Configurations for Server Platforms	439	(1)
ATA/SATA RAID Configurations for Server Platforms	440	(3)
Using NAS	443	(1)
Troubleshooting ATA and SATA Hard Disks	443	(4)
CMOS/BIOS, Startup Problems	444	(1)
BSODs and Other Postinstallation Problems	444	(3)
The SCSI Bus	447	(38)
ANSI SCSI Standards	449	(3)
SCSI-1	452	(1)
SCSI-2	452	(1)
SCSI-3	453	(11)
SPI (Ultra SCSI)	455	(1)
SPI-2 (Ultra2 SCSI)	455	(1)
SCSI Signaling	455	(2)
SPI-3 (Ultra 3 SCSI [Ultra160])	457	(1)
SPI-4, or Ultra 4 SCSI (Ultra320)	458	(1)
SPI-5, or Ultra 5 SCSI (Ultra640)	459	(1)
SAS	459	(3)
RAID Arrays	462	(1)
Fibre Channel SCSI	463	(1)
iSCSI	464	(1)
SCSI Cables and Connectors	464	(3)
Parallel SCSI Cable and Connector Pinouts	467	(8)
LVD SCSI Cables and Connectors	468	(1)
SE SCSI Cables and Connectors	469	(1)
HVD SCSI Signals	470	(1)
Expanders	471	(1)
SCSI Termination	472	(3)
SCSI Drive/Device Configuration	475	(4)
Start on Command (Delayed Start)	478	(1)
SCSI Parity	479	(1)
Terminator Power	479	(1)
SCSI Synchronous Negotiation	479	(1)
No Wide	479	(1)
Write Protection	479	(1)
Plug and Play SCSI	479	(1)
SCSI Configuration Troubleshooting	480	(2)
SCSI Versus ATA Performance: Advantages and Limitations	482	(1)
Recommended SCSI Host Adapters, Cables, and Terminators	483	(2)
I/O System Hardware	485	(30)
USB	486	(5)
USB Specifications	487	(1)
USB Connectors	488	(2)
USB Installation and Troubleshooting	490	(1)
Video and Monitors	491	(12)
CRT and LCD Monitors	492	(2)
Integrated Graphics	494	(1)
PCI, AGP, and PCI-Express Graphics Cards	495	(1)
Video Installation and Configuration	496	(1)
KVM Switches	497	(2)
Video/Display Troubleshooting	499	(4)
Audio Devices	503	(1)
Keyboards	503	(2)
Types of Keyboards	503	(1)
Keyboard Maintenance	503	(1)
Keyboard Troubleshooting	504	(1)
CD-ROM, CD-RW, and DVD Drives	505	(5)
Specifications	505	(1)
CD/DVD Interfaces	506	(1)
CD/DVD Host Adapters	506	(1)
CD/DVD Installation and Troubleshooting	506	(4)
Hardware Drivers	510	(1)
Firmware and Hardware Upgrades	511	(1)
Obtaining Firmware Upgrades	511	(1)
Adding or Replacing Onboard Ports/Devices	511	(1)
Common I/O Device Configurations in Servers	511	(1)
Determining Hardware Compatibility	512	(2)
Troubleshooting and Documentation	514	(1)
Backup Operations	515	(40)
Tape Backup Units	516	(23)
Travan	517	(5)
DDS-3, DDS-4, and DAT72 Tape Drives	522	(7)
DLT and SDLT	529	(2)
LTO Ultrium	531	(3)
Tape Autoloaders	534	(3)
Tape Libraries and Enterprise Units	537	(2)
Alternatives to Tape Backup	539	(4)
Disk-to-Disk (D2D) Backup	539	(1)
Iomega REV	540	(2)
DVD Rewritable/Recordable	542	(1)
Limitations of Tape Alternatives	542	(1)
Upgrading Tape Backup Units	543	(1)
Driver Upgrades	543	(1)
Firmware Updates	543	(1)
Hardware Upgrades	544	(1)
Backup Operations	544	(7)
Backup Strategies	545	(2)
Verification and Restoration	547	(2)
Hardware Compatibility	549	(1)
Backup and Restoration Troubleshooting and Documentation	549	(2)
Common Backup Software Applications	551	(4)
Native Operating System Software	551	(1)
Third-Party Backup Software	551	(1)
Troubleshooting Backup Programs	552	(3)
Network Operations	555	(26)
Network Interface Cards (NICs)	557	(17)
Types of NICs	557	(4)
Hardware Compatibility	561	(3)
Installing Network Interface Devices and Drivers	564	(2)
Device Driver Upgrades	566	(1)
Troubleshooting a Network Interface	566	(5)
Locating Bottlenecks	571	(1)
Multihoming and Fault Tolerance	572	(2)
Protocols	574	(7)
Transport Protocols	574	(3)
Application-Layer Protocols	577	(1)
Protocol Binding	578	(1)
Network Operations Management	578	(3)
Disk Subsystems	581	(36)
Disk Types	583	(10)
IDE and ATA Drives	584	(2)
Serial ATA	586	(1)
SCSI Drives	587	(4)
Fibre Channel	591	(2)
HBAs and RAID Controllers	593	(6)
Form Factors	594	(1)
PATA HBAs	594	(2)
SCSI HBAs	596	(3)
Backplanes	599	(1)
Redundancy	600	(1)
Introduction to RAID	600	(11)
JBODs: Concatenation	601	(1)
RAID 0: Striping, No Parity	602	(1)
RAID 1: Mirroring	603	(1)
Business Continuance Volumes	604	(1)
RAID 10 (or 1+0): Mirroring with Striping	605	(1)
RAID 0+1: Striping with Mirroring	605	(1)
RAID 5: Striping with Parity	606	(2)
Nonstandard Single-Level RAID Arrays	608	(2)
Software Versus Hardware RAID	610	(1)
Managing RAID	611	(4)
Creating New Arrays	611	(2)
RAID Maintenance	613	(1)
Rebuilding Failed Arrays	614	(1)
Storage Virtualization	615	(2)
Storage Area Networks	617	(28)
SAN Topologies	618	(2)
Is a SAN Right for You?	620	(1)
Where to Start with a SAN	620	(1)
SANs and Standards	621	(4)
Components of a SAN	625	(7)
Block-Oriented Servers	625	(1)
File-Oriented Servers	626	(2)
Software and Services	628	(1)
Arrays	628	(4)
Fibre Channel SANs	632	(5)
More About Fibre Channel	633	(1)
Switches	634	(1)
Port Types	635	(1)
Addressing	635	(1)
Traffic Flow	636	(1)
TCP/IP Storage Networking	637	(2)
FCIP	638	(1)
iSCSI	638	(1)
SAN Backup	639	(4)
Tape Formats and Libraries	639	(2)
Disk Backup Hardware	641	(1)
SAN Backup Software and Servers	642	(1)
Final Thoughts	643	(2)
Fault Tolerance	645	(20)
Fault-Tolerant Network Topologies	646	(5)
Mesh Configurations: Multiple Network Connections	646	(2)
Teaming and Failover	648	(3)
RAID	651	(1)
Transparently Rebuilding Failed Drives	652	(1)
Improving Network Speed and Reliability	652	(2)
Segmentation	652	(1)
Switches and Routers	653	(1)
Providing Redundancy in Server Hardware	654	(2)
Power Supplies	655	(1)
Fans	655	(1)
Memory	656	(1)
Physical Maintenance	656	(2)
The Server Environment	657	(1)
Server Software Updates	657	(1)
Hardware Drivers and BIOS Updates	657	(1)
Server Management Software	658	(5)
Server Management with Active Directory Group Policies	658	(2)
Third-Party Software	660	(3)
Troubleshooting and Documentation	663	(2)
Power Protection	665	(22)
UPS Styles and Manufacturers	666	(8)
Major UPS Manufacturers	667	(1)
How UPS Systems Are Rated	668	(3)
UPS Technologies	671	(2)
UPS Features	673	(1)
Surge Protection	674	(1)
Redundant Power Supplies (RPSs)	675	(3)
Power Supply Sizing	677	(1)
UPS Specifications and Considerations	678	(3)
Server Capacity and Purpose	678	(1)
Voltages	679	(1)
Runtimes	679	(1)
Batteries	680	(1)
AC Connectors	681	(1)
Safety Ratings	681	(1)
Common Server/UPS Configurations	681	(3)
Pedestal Server and UPS	681	(1)
Single Rack-Mounted Server and UPS	682	(1)
Multiple Rack-Mounted Servers and UPS	682	(1)
Using and Maintaining UPS Documentation	683	(1)
Installing a New UPS	684	(1)
Troubleshooting Power-Protection Problems	685	(2)
UPS Does Not Charge Battery When Plugged In	685	(1)
Windows Server 2003 Does Not Transmit UPS Alerts	685	(1)
System Does Not Restart After AC Power Is Restored	685	(1)
COM Port Conflicts	685	(1)
New Services Configuration in Windows Server 2003	685	(1)
Linux Power Management Software Can't Start After Installation	685	(1)
General Linux UPS Issues	685	(1)
UPS Service Shuts Down System	686	(1)
UPS Tab Is Missing After Installing a USB-Based UPS and Drivers	686	(1)
Devices Don't Work When Plugged In to Surge Protector	686	(1)
RPS Doesn't Switch to Good Module When First Module Fails	686	(1)
Chassis	687	(22)
Chassis Types	688	(8)
Pedestal Chassis	688	(2)
Rack-Mounted Chassis	690	(3)
Wall-Mounted Rack Chassis	693	(1)
ATX Chassis	694	(1)
BTX Chassis	695	(1)
Chassis Specifications and Considerations	696	(8)
Airflow	696	(4)
Security: Locks/Keys	700	(1)
EMI and ESD Considerations	700	(3)
Safety	703	(1)
Server Chassis Documentation and Support	704	(1)
The Importance of Documentation	704	(1)
Manufacturer Policies on Opening Chassis	704	(1)
How to Remove the Intel SC5295-E Chassis	705	(4)
Removing the Left Side Panel	705	(1)
Removing the Front Bezel Assembly	706	(1)
Removing the Air Ducts	707	(1)
Removing the Drive Cage EMI Shield	707	(2)
Server Racks and Blades	709	(22)
Types of Racks	712	(5)
Sizes of Cabinets	713	(1)
Universal Racks	713	(2)
Custom Racks	715	(1)
Wire Shelving	715	(2)
Rack Specifications and Considerations	717	(5)
Location	717	(1)
Safety	718	(2)
Designing a Rack System	720	(2)
Rack Features and Components	722	(9)
Fans and Airflow	722	(1)
Conversion Kits	723	(1)
Rails	723	(2)
Cable Management	725	(1)
Blade Servers	725	(2)
KVM Switches	727	(2)
Cable Management Using KVM Switches	729	(2)
Server Rooms	731	(22)
Server Room Designs	732	(4)
Converting Existing Rooms to Server Rooms	733	(1)
Server Closets	734	(1)
Server Room Specifications and Considerations	734	(1)
Determining Location	735	(1)
The Planning Phase	736	(17)
Determining Size and Capacity	737	(3)
Planning for Cable Management	740	(1)
Determining Power Needs	741	(2)
Calculating UPS Needs	743	(1)
Considering Raised Flooring	744	(2)
Planning for HVAC and Airflow	746	(3)
Building in Safety	749	(2)
Planning for Physical Security and Access	751	(2)
Server Platforms: Network Operating Systems	753	(30)
Major Features of NOSs	754	(4)
Server NOSs	758	(9)
Windows Servers	758	(3)
Novell NetWare 6.5	761	(2)
Sun Solaris	763	(2)
Linux	765	(2)
Directory Services and Interoperability	767	(5)
X.500	768	(1)
LDAP	768	(3)
Directory Services Interoperability	771	(1)
Other Considerations in Selecting a Server Platform	772	(11)
The Purpose of a Server	772	(4)
Server Hardware and Drivers	776	(2)
Server Installation/Administration Requirements	778	(1)
Server Upgrade and Patch Management	778	(2)
Software Security Limitations	780	(1)
Server Documentation and Support	781	(2)
Sun Microsystems Servers	783	(28)
Sun, Servers, and SPARC	784	(3)
The RISC Architecture	785	(1)
SPARC and UltraSPARC	786	(1)
Server Categories	787	(9)
Entry-Level Servers	788	(2)
Midrange Servers	790	(1)
High-End Servers	790	(1)
Blade Servers	791	(1)
Storage Servers	792	(2)
Sun Clusters	794	(2)
NEBS-Certified Servers	796	(1)
The Solaris Operating System	796	(4)
PC NetLink Integration Software	798	(1)
Reliability and Scalability	799	(1)
Solaris Management Tools	800	(9)
The Solaris Management Console	801	(2)
SyMON	803	(1)
SunVTS	804	(1)
Solstice AdminSuite	805	(1)
Volume Manager	806	(1)
Sun Enterprise Backup	807	(1)
Java Web Start	808	(1)
Hardware Compatibility with Server Platforms	809	(1)
The BigAdmin System Administration Portal	809	(2)
Building, Upgrading, and Deploying Servers	811	(30)
Purchasing Considerations	813	(1)
Reasons to Buy from First-Tier OEMs	813	(1)
Reasons to Build	813	(1)
Reasons to Opt for a White Box	814	(1)
Comparing Building and Buying a Server	814	(1)
Building Your Own Server	814	(5)
Server Purposes and Form Factors	815	(1)
Server Components	816	(1)
Assembling a Server	817	(2)
Project Phasing	819	(6)
The Project Specification Phase	820	(1)
The Budget Phase and Time Lines	821	(1)
The Testing Phase	822	(1)
The Implementation Phase	823	(1)
The Review Phase	824	(1)
Software Licensing and Upgrades	825	(3)
License Types	825	(1)
License Management Software	826	(1)
Upgrades	827	(1)
Capacity Planning	828	(6)
Knowable, Unknowable, Known, and Unknown	829	(1)
Sizing Tools	829	(2)
Capacity Planning Principles	831	(1)
An Example of Historical Data	832	(1)
System Selection	833	(1)
Routine Maintenance	834	(4)
Backups	835	(1)
Virus Scanning and Spyware Detection	836	(1)
Disk Defragmentation	837	(1)
Redundancy and Deployment	838	(1)
Sample Project Specification for Deployment	839	(2)
Server Testing and Maintenance	841	(36)
Gathering Baseline Performance Data	842	(12)
Using Windows Server 2003 Diagnostic Tools	845	(2)
Using Sun Solaris Diagnostic Tools	847	(3)
Using NetWare Diagnostic Tools	850	(1)
Using Third-Party Benchmarking Tools	850	(4)
Routine Maintenance	854	(7)
Drive Testing	855	(2)
Defragmentation	857	(1)
Antivirus and Firewall Software and Systems	857	(2)
Keeping Case Fans and Filters Clean	859	(2)
Error Logging and Tracking	861	(5)
The Purpose of Event Logging	862	(1)
Event Logs	863	(3)
Implementing Hardware Redundancy Options	866	(7)
Integrated NICs, Memory, and Power Supplies	867	(1)
Load Balancing	868	(2)
Load Balancing Versus Clustering	870	(1)
High-Performance Clusters	870	(3)
Disaster Recovery Planning	873	(4)
The Purpose of Disaster Recovery Planning	874	(1)
An Example of a Disaster Recovery Plan	874	(3)
A. Glossary	877
B. List of Acronyms	849	(20)
C. Vendor List	869	(170)
Alphabetical Vendor List	969	(52)
#1-PC Diagnostics Company (the ESD Division of Windsor Technologies, Inc.)	970	(1)
3Com Corp.	970	(1)
3D Labs	970	(1)
3Dfx Interactive, Inc.	970	(1)
A.K. Stamping Company, Inc./Globe Manufacturing Sales	970	(1)
Aavid Thermalloy LLC	970	(1)
ABIT Computer (USA) Corporation	971	(1)
Accurite Technologies, Inc.	971	(1)
Acer United States	971	(1)
Acme Electric/Electronics Division	971	(1)
Acterna, LLC	971	(1)
Adaptec	971	(1)
Adobe Systems, Inc.	972	(1)
Advanced Digital Information Corporation	972	(1)
Advanced Personal Systems	972	(1)
Advisor Media, Inc.	972	(1)
Aladdin Knowledge Systems, Inc.	972	(1)
Alienware Corporation	972	(1)
ALPS Electric (USA), Inc.	972	(1)
Altex Electronics, Ltd.	973	(1)
Altiris Americas	973	(1)
Amazon.com, Inc.	973	(1)
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)	973	(1)
America Online	973	(1)
American Power Conversion (APC)	973	(1)
AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.)	973	(1)
Andromeda Research Labs	974	(1)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)	974	(1)
Antec, Inc.	974	(1)
Anvil Cases	974	(1)
Aopen, Inc.	974	(1)
Apple Computer, Inc.	974	(1)
Arco Computer Products, LLC	974	(1)
ARI Service	975	(1)
Arrow Electronics	975	(1)
Arrowfield International, Inc.	975	(1)
Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP)	975	(1)
AST Computer, Inc.	975	(1)
Astec Power	975	(1)
ASUS Computer International America (ASUSTeK)	975	(1)
ATI Technologies, Inc.	975	(1)
Autodesk, Inc.	976	(1)
Autotime Corporation	976	(1)
Avocent	976	(1)
Award Software International, Inc.	976	(1)
AZ-COM, Inc.	976	(1)
BakBone Software, Inc.	976	(1)
Barracuda Networks	976	(1)
Belden CDT Electronics Division	976	(1)
BenQ Corporation	977	(1)
Berkshire Products	977	(1)
Bitstream, Inc.	977	(1)
Black Box Network Services	977	(1)
Borland Software Corporation	977	(1)
Bose Corp.	977	(1)
Breece Hill	977	(1)
Brooktree Corporation	978	(1)
Buerg Software	978	(1)
Business Objects	978	(1)
Byte Runner Technologies	978	(1)
CableOrganizer.com, Inc.	978	(1)
Cables to Go	978	(1)
CAIG Laboratories	978	(1)
Canon USA, Inc.	978	(1)
Casio, Inc.	979	(1)
CBT Direct	979	(1)
CDW (Computer Discount Warehouse)	979	(1)
Centon Electronics, Inc.	979	(1)
Chemtronics	979	(1)
Cherry Electrical Products	979	(1)
Chicago Case Company	979	(1)
Ci Design Company	979	(1)
Cirrus Logic, Inc.	979	(1)
Cisco Systems, Inc.	980	(1)
Citizen America Corporation	980	(1)
CMSProducts, Inc.	980	(1)
CNET Networks	980	(1)
Columbia Data Products	980	(1)
Comm Vault Systems, Inc.	980	(1)
Compaq Computer Corporation	980	(1)
CompTIA (Computing Technology Industry Association)	981	(1)
CompUSA, Inc.	981	(1)
CompuServe Interactive Services, Inc. (CIS)	981	(1)
Computer Associates International, Inc.	981	(1)
Computer Graphics World	981	(1)
Computer Hotline	981	(1)
Computer Technology Review	981	(1)
Condor D.C. Power Supplies, Inc.	981	(1)
Conexant Systems, Inc.	982	(1)
Connect Technologies	982	(1)
Corel Systems, Inc.	982	(1)
Creative Labs, Inc.	982	(1)
CRN	982	(1)
CRU Acquisitions Group, LLC	982	(1)
Crucial Technologies	983	(1)
CS Electronics	983	(1)
CST	983	(1)
CTS Corporation	983	(1)
CTX International, Inc.	983	(1)
CyberResearch	983	(1)
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation	983	(1)
D.W. Electrochemicals, Ltd.	983	(1)
Da-Lite Screen Co.	984	(1)
DakTech	984	(1)
Dallas Semiconductor	984	(1)
DAMAC Products, Inc.	984	(1)
Datamation	984	(1)
Dell Computer Corporation	984	(1)
DEX (Data Exchange Corporation)	984	(1)
Diamond Flower, Inc. (DFI)	985	(1)
DigiBuy	985	(1)
Digi-Key Corporation	985	(1)
DisplayMate Technologies Corp.	985	(1)
Diversified Technology	985	(1)
D-Link Systems, Inc.	985	(1)
Dot Hill Systems Corporation	985	(1)
DTK Computer, Inc.	986	(1)
Dukane Corporation	986	(1)
Duracell, Inc.	986	(1)
East/West Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc.	986	(1)
Eaton Powerware Division	986	(1)
EETimes	986	(1)
Electrocution Technical Publishers	986	(1)
Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)	987	(1)
Electronic Products	987	(1)
Electronics Supply and Manufacturing	987	(1)
Elitegroup Computer Systems, Inc.	987	(1)
EMC Dantz	987	(1)
Emerson & Cuming	987	(1)
Endl Publications	987	(1)
Epson America, Inc.	988	(1)
eSupport.com, Inc.	988	(1)
Eurosoft (U.S.) Inc.	988	(1)
eWeek	988	(1)
Exabyte Corporation	988	(1)
Extron Electronics	988	(1)
F-Secure	988	(1)
FCI	989	(1)
Fedco Electronics, Inc.	989	(1)
First International Computer America	989	(1)
Fluke, John Manufacturing Company, Inc.	989	(1)
FSI Computer GmbH	989	(1)
Fujitsu Computer Products of America, Inc.	989	(1)
Futuremark Corporation	989	(1)
Gateway, Inc.	989	(1)
Giga-Byte Technology Co., Inc.	990	(1)
GigaTrend, Inc.	990	(1)
Global Engineering Documents	990	(1)
Golden Bow Systems	990	(1)
HALLoGRAM Publishing	990	(1)
Hauppauge Computer Works, Inc.	990	(1)
Heathkit Educational Systems	990	(1)
Hewlett-Packard Company	991	(1)
Hitachi Global Storage Technologies	991	(1)
Hitachi, Ltd.	991	(1)
Hynix Semiconductor America, Inc.	991	(1)
IBM Corporation	991	(1)
IBM Semiconductor Solutions	991	(1)
Illinois Lock	991	(1)
Imation Corp.	992	(1)
Infineon Technologies AG	992	(1)
InfoWorld	992	(1)
Inline, Inc.	992	(1)
Integrated Device Technology, Inc.	992	(1)
Intel Corporation	992	(1)
Iomega Corporation	992	(1)
ITW Chemtronics	992	(1)
Jameco Computer Products	993	(1)
JDR Microdevices	993	(1)
Jensen Tools, Inc.	993	(1)
JVC America/Professional	993	(1)
Kaspersky Lab	993	(1)
Kensington Computer Products Group	993	(1)
KeyTronicEMS	993	(1)
Kingston Technology Corporation	994	(1)
Kontron	994	(1)
Labconco Corporation	994	(1)
Labtec Enterprises, Inc.	994	(1)
Lantronix	994	(1)
LapLink Software, Inc.	994	(1)
LearnKey, Inc.	994	(1)
Lenovo	994	(1)
Lexmark	995	(1)
LG Electronics	995	(1)
Libi Industries, Ltd.	995	(1)
Liebert	995	(1)
Linksys	995	(1)
Linux Online, Inc.	995	(1)
LionBRIDGE	995	(1)
LiteON Technology Corporation	995	(1)
Logitech	996	(1)
Lone Star Software	996	(1)
Lotus Software	996	(1)
LSI Logic, Inc.	996	(1)
MA Labs, Inc.	996	(1)
Macworld Communications, Inc.	996	(1)
MAG InnoVision	996	(1)
MAGNI Systems, Inc.	996	(1)
MapInfo Corporation	997	(1)
Matrox Graphics, Inc.	997	(1)
Maxell Corporation of America	997	(1)
Maxoptix Inc.	997	(1)
Maxtor Corporation	997	(1)
McAfee, Inc.	997	(1)
Media Live International	997	(1)
Meritec	997	(1)
Meterman Test Tools	998	(1)
Methode Electronics, Inc.	998	(1)
MGE UPS Systems	998	(1)
Micro 2000, Inc.	998	(1)
Micro Accessories, Inc.	998	(1)
Micro Computer Cable Company, LLC	998	(1)
Micro Design International, Inc. (MDI)	998	(1)
Micro Industries Corporation	999	(1)
Micro Warehouse	999	(1)
Micron Technologies, Inc.	999	(1)
Microsoft Corporation	999	(1)
MicroSolutions, Inc.	999	(1)
MicroSystems Development Tech, Inc.	999	(1)
Microway, Inc.	999	(1)
Minicom	1000	(1)
Mitsumi Electronics Corporation	1000	(1)
Modem Doctor	1000	(1)
Molex, Inc.	1000	(1)
Mosel Vitelic (MVC)	1000	(1)
Motorola Embedded Communications Computing	1000	(1)
MPC Computers, LLC	1000	(1)
MSI Computer Corporation	1000	(1)
Mueller Technical Research	1001	(1)
Mushkin, Inc.	1001	(1)
Mylex Corporation	1001	(1)
Myoda Computer Center	1001	(1)
National Semiconductor Corporation	1001	(1)
NEC Display Solutions of America, Inc.	1001	(1)
NEC Electronics, Inc.	1001	(1)
NEC Packard Bell	1001	(1)
NEC Solutions America	1002	(1)
Netgear Inc.	1002	(1)
Network Associates, Inc.	1002	(1)
Network Technologies, Inc. (NTI)	1002	(1)
Newark InOne	1002	(1)
NextPage	1002	(1)
Novell, Inc.	1002	(1)
Nvidia Corporation	1002	(1)
Oak Technology, Inc.	1003	(1)
Oki Data Americas, Inc.	1003	(1)
OneAC	1003	(1)
Ontrack Data Recovery	1003	(1)
Opti, Inc.	1003	(1)
Orbit Micro	1003	(1)
Overland Storage	1003	(1)
Pacific Digital Corporation	1003	(1)
Panasonic Corporation of North America	1004	(1)
Panda Software	1004	(1)
Para Systems, Inc	1004	(1)
Parallel Technologies, Inc.	1004	(1)
PARTS NOW! LLC	1004	(1)
PC Connection	1004	(1)
PC-Doctor, Inc.	1004	(1)
PC Magazine	1005	(1)
PC Power & Cooling, Inc.	1005	(1)
PC World Communications	1005	(1)
PCI Special Interest Group	1005	(1)
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)	1005	(1)
PCWIZ, Inc.	1005	(1)
Phoenix Technologies, Ltd.	1005	(1)
Pioneer Electronics Inc.	1006	(1)
Pivar Computing Services, Inc.	1006	(1)
PKWare, Inc.	1006	(1)
Plasmon	1006	(1)
Plextor	1006	(1)
PNY Technologies, Inc.	1006	(1)
PowerLeap, LLC	1006	(1)
PowerQuest Corporation	1007	(1)
Processor	1007	(1)
Promise Technology, Inc.	1007	(1)
Proview Technology, Inc.	1007	(1)
QLogic Corporation	1007	(1)
Qualitas, Inc.	1007	(1)
Quantum Corporation	1007	(1)
Quarter-Inch Cartridge Drive Standards, Inc. (QIC)	1008	(1)
Que Publishing	1008	(1)
Rackmount.com	1008	(1)
Radio Shack	1008	(1)
Rambus Inc.	1008	(1)
Ramtron International Corporation	1008	(1)
Rancho Technology, Inc.	1008	(1)
Raritan Computer, Inc.	1009	(1)
Red Hat	1009	(1)
Rip-Tie Company	1009	(1)
Rockwell Semiconductor Systems	1009	(1)
Roland Corporation U.S.	1009	(1)
Rose Electronics	1009	(1)
Royal Consumer Information Products, Inc.	1009	(1)
RTC Books Division of the RTC Group	1009	(1)
RuppSoft	1010	(1)
S3 Graphics Co, Ltd.	1010	(1)
Safeware, The Insurance Agency, Inc.	1010	(1)
Sams Publishing	1010	(1)
Samsung	1010	(1)
Seagate Technology	1010	(1)
Sencore	1010	(1)
Sharp Electronics Corporation	1011	(1)
Sharp Microelectronics of the Americas	1011	(1)
Sigma Data	1011	(1)
Silicon Image	1011	(1)
Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. (SiS)	1011	(1)
Simple Technology	1011	(1)
SiSoftware	1011	(1)
Smart Cable, Inc.	1012	(1)
SMC Networks, Inc.	1012	(1)
Smith Micro Software, Inc.	1012	(1)
Sonic Solutions	1012	(1)
Sony Corporation of America	1012	(1)
Sophos PLC	1012	(1)
SOYO Group, Inc.	1012	(1)
Specialized Products Company	1013	(1)
Sprague Magnetics, Inc.	1013	(1)
St. Bernard Software	1013	(1)
Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)	1013	(1)
St Microelectronics	1013	(1)
Standard Microsystems Corporation (SMSC)	1013	(1)
Star Micronics, Inc.	1013	(1)
StarTech	1013	(1)
StorageSoft Solutions, Inc.	1014	(1)
StorCase Technology, Inc.	1014	(1)
Supermicro Computer, Inc.	1014	(1)
Superpower Supply, Inc.	1014	(1)
Sykes Enterprises, Inc.	1014	(1)
Symantec Corporation	1014	(1)
Syquest Repair.com	1014	(1)
Tadiran	1014	(1)
Tandberg Data	1015	(1)
Tanisys Technology, Inc.	1015	(1)
Tatung Company of America, Inc.	1015	(1)
TDK Electronics Corporation	1015	(1)
Teac America, Inc.	1015	(1)
Tech Data Corporation	1015	(1)
Tech Spray, LP	1015	(1)
Technology Data Exchange, Inc.	1015	(1)
Tekram Technologies	1016	(1)
Teleplan International	1016	(1)
Test and Measurement World	1016	(1)
Texas Instruments, Inc.	1016	(1)
Toshiba America, Inc.	1016	(1)
Touchstone Software Corporation	1016	(1)
Trace Research and Development Center	1016	(1)
Trend Micro	1017	(1)
Trident Microsystems, Inc.	1017	(1)
Tripp Lite Manufacturing	1017	(1)
True Query, Inc.	1017	(1)
Twinhead Corporation	1017	(1)
Tyan Computer Corporation	1017	(1)
Tyco Electronics	1017	(1)
ULi Electronics, Inc.	1017	(1)
Ultra-X, Inc.	1018	(1)
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.	1018	(1)
Unicomp, Inc.	1018	(1)
Unicore Software, Inc.	1018	(1)
UNISYS	1018	(1)
U.S. Robotics, Inc.	1018	(1)
V Communications, Inc.	1018	(1)
Varta Batteries, Inc.	1019	(1)
Verbatim Americas	1019	(1)
Veritas Software Corporation	1019	(1)
VESA Standards	1019	(1)
VIA Technologies, Inc.	1019	(1)
ViewSonic	1019	(1)
Viziflex Seels, Inc.	1019	(1)
Watergate Software	1019	(1)
Wavetek-Meterman	1020	(1)
Western Digital Corporation	1020	(1)
Winbond Electronic Corporation	1020	(1)
WordPerfect	1020	(1)
Wyse Technology	1020	(1)
Xerox Corporation	1020	(1)
XFree86	1020	(1)
Xircom	1020	(1)
Y-E Data Company	1020	(1)
Yosemite Technologies, Inc.	1021	(1)
Zoom Telephonics, Inc.	1021	(1)
Zoran	1021	(1)
Vendors by Product or Service Category	1021	(18)
Audio Adapters (Sound Cards)	1021	(1)
Backup Software	1021	(1)
Batteries	1021	(1)
BIOS	1022	(1)
Books, Magazines, and Documentation	1022	(1)
Cables, Connectors, and Cable Management	1022	(1)
Cases/Chassis	1023	(1)
CD/DVD Drives and Media	1023	(1)
Chipsets	1024	(1)
Diagnostics Software and Hardware	1025	(1)
Distributors	1025	(1)
Floppy Drives	1025	(1)
Graphics Adapters and Chipsets	1026	(1)
Hard and Removable Disk Drives, Drive Controllers, and Network Storage	1026	(1)
Hardware (Screws, Mounting Brackets, and So On)	1027	(1)
Keyboards	1027	(1)
KVM Switches	1027	(1)
Memory	1028	(1)
Mouse Devices	1028	(1)
Miscellaneous	1028	(1)
Modems (Analog, DSL, Cable Modem, Broadband)	1029	(1)
Monitors and Display Devices	1030	(1)
Motherboards	1030	(1)
Networking	1031	(1)
Online Services	1031	(1)
Optical Drives and Media	1032	(1)
Power Protection and UPSs	1032	(1)
Power Supplies and Redundant Power Supplies	1032	(1)
Printers, Printer Parts, and Supplies	1033	(1)
Processors and Processor Upgrades	1033	(1)
RAID	1033	(1)
Removable Media	1034	(1)
Repair Services	1034	(1)
Retail and Direct Mail	1034	(1)
SCSI Accessories	1035	(1)
Software	1035	(1)
Speakers	1036	(1)
Standards Bodies and Organizations	1036	(1)
Supplies (Chemicals, Cleaners, and So On)	1037	(1)
Systems (Desktop, Server, and Mobile)	1037	(1)
Tape Drives, Autoloaders, Libraries, and Media	1038	(1)
Index	1039