The Urban Community

by Martin, W. Allen

• ISBN13: 9780130984234
• ISBN10: 013098423X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-06-04
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This reader traces the development of urban/community studies from the early days of the Chicago School of Human Ecology, through the "good old days" of ethnographies that made "Best Sellers" lists, right up to the most recent of writings about the cities and their communities.It emphasizes what is most modern, while still covering the history and sociology of urban studieswith all the hidden paradigms and evolution of ideas important to a comprehensive study of the subject.For public administration positions related to urban planning and housing.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	ix
INTRODUCTION	xi
SECTION INTRODUCTIONS	xiii
I URBAN CLASSICS	1	(96)
A. Urban Development: Urban Ecological Perspectives	3	(18)
The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project	3	(8)
Ernest W. Burgess
Human Ecology	11	(10)
Robert Ezra Park
B. Human Relations: Sociocultural Perspectives	21	(33)
Community and Society (Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft)	21	(11)
Ferdinand Tönnies
The Bulk Cities and Mental Life	32	(8)
Georg Simmel
Urbanism as a Way of Life	40	(14)
Louis Wirth
C. The Case Study: Local Community Perspectives	54	(43)
Older and Newer Approaches to the Community	54	(18)
Roland L. Warren
Persistence of Local Sentiments in Mass Society	72	(17)
Albert Hunter
Types of Influentials: The Local and the Cosmopolitan	89	(10)
Robert K. Merton
II COMMUNITY INTHE MODERN CITY	97	(130)
A. Community Building	99	(48)
Secret Gardens	99	(3)
William Drayton
The Neighborhood Approach to Building Community: A Different Perspective on Smart Growth	102	(4)
Clare Cooper Marcus
The New Urbanism: An Alternative to Modern, Automobile-Oriented Planning and Development	106	(4)
Robert Steuteville
Building the Sustainable Community: Is Social Capital the Answer?	110	(13)
Jeffrey C. Bridger and A.E. Luloff
Training Functions of Ethnic Economies: Mexican Entrepreneurs in Chicago	123	(16)
Rebecca Raijman and Marta Tienda
Neighborhood Characteristics, Community Development Corporations, and the Community Development Industry System: A Case Study of the American Deep South	139	(8)
Robert M. Silverman
B. Community Participation	147	(51)
Social Connections	147	(1)
Loose Connections	147	(9)
Robert Wuthnow
Kicking in Groups	156	(6)
Nicholas Lemann
Social Isolation	162	(1)
Neighborhood Context and the Risk of Childbearing Among Metropolitan-Area Black Adolescents	162	(16)
Clea A. Sucoff and Dawn M. Upchurch
Neighborhood Poverty and the Social Isolation of Inner-City African American Families	178	(15)
Bruce H. Rankin and James M. Quane
Urban Poverty After The Truly Disadvantaged: The Rediscovery of the Family, the Neighborhood, and Culture	193	(5)
Mario Luis Small and Katherine Newman
C. Community Action	198	(29)
The Effectiveness of Neighborhood Collective Action	198	(16)
Gustavo S. Mesch and Kent P. Schwirian
The Responsive Community: A Communitarian Perspective	214	(15)
Amitai Etzioni
III MODERN ECOLOGICAL VIEWS OFTHE CITY	227	(72)
A. Socio-Geographic Views	229	(37)
Dumping in Dixie Revisited: The Evolution of Environmental Injustices in South Carolina	229	(10)
Jerry T. Mitchell, Deborah S. K. Thomas, and Susan L. Cutter
Home from Nowhere	239	(16)
James H. Kunstler
The Spatial Structure of Urban Ethnic Economies	255	(11)
David H. Kaplan
B. Socio-Demographic Views	266	(33)
Moving into Adulthood: Family Residential Mobility and First-Union Transitions	266	(11)
Scott M. Myers
Neighborhood Racial-Composition Preferences: Evidence from a Multiethnic Metropolis	277	(24)
Camille Zubrinsky Charles
IV THE MODERN HOLISTIC STUDY	299	(36)
History Repeats Itself, but How? City Character, Urban Tradition, and the Accomplishment of Place	301	(34)
Harvey Molotch, William Freudenburg, and Krista E. Paulsen
BIBLIOGRAPHY	335	(2)
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY	337

Excerpts

One of the few good reasons to construct a book of readings is getting to talk with the authors of the finest articles recently published in prestigious journals and other outlets. I asked most of them for permission to cut some parts of their articles. Who would want that to happen? Nobody, but quite readily they understood that space in books is at a premium and condensing things is routine, hence they were almost eager to allow this chopping. They also realized that students, and readers generally, prefer material that does not require deep mathematical reading. Thus, they permitted me to ax statistical tables that one must acknowledge represent a great deal of hard work and outstanding scholarship. I encourage students who have already had parametric statistics to read the complete works in the journals: I am sure you will agree that the authors, all of them, used the appropriate statistics in reaching their conclusions.Putting together this reader required a great deal of reading, but that is no complaint. I enjoy reading urban and community sociology and urban geography and design are favorites of mine. At my campus, The University of Texas at Tyler, which opened only a couple of years before I moved here, I started and directed a master's degree in Public Planning and Administration and still teach in the area. Similarly, I started the geography program here and taught geography until we could hire a tenure-tract geographer. With these experiences my appreciation for sociology's sister disciplines continues to grow. As broad and open a discipline as sociology is, our friends in related disciplines have much to contribute to the understanding of cities and communities.