Urban Soils Applications and Practices

by Craul, Phillip J.

• ISBN13: 9780471189039
• ISBN10: 0471189030
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-03-25
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

The soil which is found in large cities offer distinctive challenges to the landscape architect or horticulturist responsible for maintaining these urban plantings. Often compacted, contaminated, or otherwise unsuitable for use in major landscape projects, these soils require practical methods which can insure a successful outcome of a landscape project. This applications-oriented, introductory reference addresses numerous topics in the field of urban soil science.

Author Biography

Phillip J. Craul is the author of Urban Soils: Applications and Practices, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(7)
The Need for Practical Urban Soil Applications	1	(6)
The Interplay Among the Soil Scientist, Landscape Architect, and Other Professionals	7	(1)
Site Soil Assessment and Interpretation Development	8	(32)
Introduction	8	(2)
Resource Data	10	(1)
Sampling Design	11	(2)
Soil Profile Evaluation	13	(5)
Soil Testing and Analysis	18	(3)
The Character and Soils of Restoration Sites	21	(2)
The Soil Interpretation Process	23	(17)
Biophysical Analysis of Site	40	(45)
Introduction	40	(1)
The Site Heat Budget	41	(25)
Heat Stress of Urban Trees	66	(3)
Evapotranspiration	69	(3)
Sun-Shade Relationships	72	(1)
Calculation of Potential Evapotranspiration of a Site	73	(4)
Dynamic Water Relations of Designed Soil	77	(1)
The Use of Solar Rhythm in Landscape Design	78	(4)
Evapotranspiration Examples	82	(1)
Conclusions	83	(2)
Design and Construction of the Urban Sustainable Soil Profile	85	(33)
Introduction	85	(1)
The Soil Model	86	(9)
Designing Soil	95	(12)
Sustainable Soil	107	(4)
Construction and Installation of the Urban Soil Profile	111	(4)
Xeriscape Design	115	(3)
Soil Specifications	118	(35)
Introduction	118	(6)
Writing Soil Specifications	124	(2)
The Mineral Component	126	(8)
The Structure Component	134	(6)
The Organic Component	140	(10)
The Biological Component	150	(1)
Elements Applied to All Components of the Specifications	151	(1)
The Concern for Sustainability in Soil Specifications	152	(1)
Rooftop Applications	153	(20)
Introduction	153	(1)
Loading and Space constraints	153	(3)
Lightening Amendments	156	(5)
Tree Architecture	161	(1)
The Effects of Wind on Trees	162	(9)
Rooftop Irrigation	171	(1)
The Design and Specification of Rooftop Soil	171	(2)
Drainage Techniques	173	(21)
Introduction	173	(2)
Principles of Drainage	175	(5)
Elements of Drainage Design	180	(2)
Surface Drainage Techniques	182	(3)
Subsurface Drainage Techniques	185	(8)
Drainage Restoration Systems	193	(1)
Irrigation Design	194	(19)
Introduction	194	(2)
Basic Concepts of Irrigation	196	(5)
The Water Utilization of Plants	201	(1)
Active Irrigation	202	(4)
Soil Design	206	(1)
Determination of Application Rates	207	(3)
Irrigation Frequency and Timing	210	(1)
Passive Irrigation	211	(2)
Tree Planting Techniques	213	(37)
Introduction	213	(2)
Tree Planting Criteria	215	(5)
Transplanting Techniques	220	(7)
The Planting Situation Array	227	(15)
Special Applications	242	(1)
The Concept of le Preverdissement (Plant Today, Build Tomorrow)	243	(1)
Transplantation of Large Trees	244	(1)
Assessment of the Tree Planting	244	(6)
Project Erosion and Sedimentation Control	250	(24)
Introduction	250	(1)
The Process of Erosion	251	(2)
The Universal Soil Loss Equation	253	(7)
Urban Area Erosion	260	(1)
Urban Area Erosion and Sediment Control Planning	261	(11)
An Erosion and Sediment Control Example	272	(2)
The Soil Design Decision Process	274	(23)
Element 1: Open	278	(7)
Element 2: Curb	285	(5)
Element 3: Covered	290	(4)
Element 4: Roof	294	(1)
Conclusions	295	(2)
Case Studies	297	(40)
Introduction	297	(1)
Battery Park City South Cove, New York City	298	(1)
Boston Commons Parade Garage	299	(11)
J. Paul Getty Fine Arts Center, Los Angeles	310	(16)
Allegheny Riverfront Park, Pittsburgh	326	(8)
New School for Social Research Courtyard, New York City	334	(3)
Appendix: Standard Tests for Analyses of Designed Soil	337	(4)
Glossary	341	(7)
References	348	(9)
Author Index	357	(3)
Subject Index	360