The U.S. Intelligence Community

by Richelson, Jeffrey T.

• ISBN13: 9780813368931
• ISBN10: 0813368936
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-02-04
• Publisher: Westview Pr

Summary

This book provides a detailed overview of America's vast intelligence empireits organizations, its operations (from spies on the ground to satellites thousands of miles in space), and its management structure. Relying on a multitude of sources, including hundreds of official documents, it provides an up-to-date picture of the U.S. intelligence community that will provide support to policymakers and military operations into the next century.

Author Biography

Jeffrey T. Richelson received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Rochester in 1975, and has taught at the University of Texas, Austin, and the American University, Washington. A senior fellow at the National Security Archive in Washington, he lives in Alexandria, Virginia.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Illustrations	xi	(4)
Preface	xv
1 Intelligence	1	(15)
Intelligence	2	(1)
The Intelligence Cycle	3	(2)
Types of Intelligence	5	(1)
Targets	6	(2)
The Utility of Intelligence	8	(4)
The Intelligence Community	12	(1)
Notes	13	(3)
2 National Intelligence Organizations	16	(39)
Central Intelligence Agency	16	(14)
National Security Agency	30	(6)
National Reconnaissance Office	36	(4)
National Imagery and Mapping Agency	40	(7)
Notes	47	(8)
3 Defense Department Intelligence Organizations	55	(19)
Defense Intelligence Agency	55	(12)
Defense HUMINT Service	67	(4)
Notes	71	(3)
4 Military Service Intelligence Organizations	74	(30)
Army Intelligence Organizations	75	(5)
Navy Intelligence Organizations	80	(7)
Air Force Intelligence Organizations	87	(11)
Marine Corps Intelligence Organizations	98	(2)
Notes	100	(4)
5 Unified Command Intelligence Organizations	104	(26)
Atlantic Command	106	(2)
Central Command	108	(2)
European Command	110	(3)
Pacific Command	113	(3)
Southern Command	116	(2)
U.S. Space Command	118	(2)
U.S. Special Operations Command	120	(3)
U.S. Strategic Command	123	(1)
U.S. Transportation Command	124	(3)
Notes	127	(3)
6 Civilian Intelligence Organizations	130	(20)
Department of State Intelligence	130	(3)
Department of Energy Intelligence	133	(4)
Department of Treasury Intelligence	137	(1)
Department of Commerce Intelligence	137	(1)
Drug Enforcement Administration Intelligence	138	(3)
Federal Bureau of Investigation	141	(2)
Department of Transportation Intelligence	143	(1)
Notes	143	(7)
7 Imagery Collection, Interpretation, and Dissemination	150	(30)
Collection	152	(15)
Processing and Interpretation	167	(3)
Dissemination	170	(3)
Notes	173	(7)
8 Signals Intelligence	180	(34)
Space Collection	185	(6)
Airborne Collection	191	(6)
Ground Stations	197	(4)
Embassy and Consular Intercept Sites	201	(1)
Surface Ships	202	(1)
Underseas Collection	203	(2)
Notes	205	(9)
9 Measurement and Signature Intelligence	214	(27)
Space Collection	216	(4)
Airborne Collection	220	(3)
Ground Collection Systems	223	(8)
Seaborne Collection	231	(1)
Underseas Collection	231	(4)
Notes	235	(6)
10 Space Surveillance	241	(16)
Dedicated SSN Sensors	243	(3)
Collateral SSN Sensors	246	(2)
Contributing SSN Sensors	248	(2)
Additional Space Surveillance Capabilities	250	(1)
SIGINT Support to Space Surveillance	251	(1)
Notes	252	(5)
11 Human Intelligence	257	(16)
Officers and Diplomats	258	(4)
Agents	262	(4)
Defectors and Emigres	266	(2)
Travelers	268	(1)
Notes	269	(4)
12 Open Sources, Technical Surveillance and Emplaced Sensors, and Materiel Exploitation	273	(18)
Open Sources	274	(5)
Technical Surveillance and Emplaced Sensors	279	(3)
Materiel Exploitation	282	(4)
Notes	286	(5)
13 Intelligence Sharing	291	(24)
UKUSA	292	(4)
Canada	296	(2)
Eastern Europe	298	(1)
Israel	299	(3)
Japan	302	(1)
Norway	303	(1)
People's Republic of China	304	(1)
Russia	305	(2)
United Kingdom	307	(1)
The United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency	308	(1)
Notes	309	(6)
14 Analysis and Production	315	(17)
Current Intelligence	316	(3)
Warning Intelligence	319	(1)
Estimative and Analytical Intelligence	319	(4)
Periodicals	323	(1)
Biographies, Reference Documents, and Databases	324	(5)
Notes	329	(3)
15 Counterintelligence	332	(17)
Targets	333	(1)
Collection	334	(3)
Evaluation of Defectors	337	(2)
Research and Analysis	339	(4)
Neutralization	343	(2)
Notes	345	(4)
16 Covert Action	349	(25)
Covert Action in the Post-Cold War Era	350	(1)
Iran	351	(1)
Iraq	352	(4)
Libya	356	(1)
Mexico and Peru	357	(1)
Transnational/Multinational Targets	357	(1)
Notes	358	(16)
17 Management and Direction	374	(30)
Orders, Directives, and Regulations	374	(10)
Individuals, Committees, and Offices	384	(12)
Programs	396	(2)
Notes	398	(6)
18 Managing Intelligence Collection and Covert Action	404	(20)
Managing Satellite Imaging	404	(2)
Managing SIGINT	406	(6)
Managing Sensitive Reconnaissance Missions	412	(4)
Managing HUMINT	416	(3)
Managing Covert Action	419	(2)
Notes	421	(3)
19 Managing Information Access and Analysis	424	(27)
Managing Information Access	425	(12)
Managing the Analytic Process	437	(8)
Notes	445	(6)
20 Issues and Challenges	451	(23)
Intelligence Structure and Reform	452	(5)
The Roles of the DCI and Director, DIA	457	(4)
Covert Action	461	(6)
Friendly Targets	467	(2)
Challenges	469	(3)
Notes	472	(2)
List of Acronyms	474	(19)
Index	493