Using Drawings in Assessment and Therapy: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals

by Oster,Gerald D.

• ISBN13: 9781583910368
• ISBN10: 1583910360
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-10-05
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This is an updated version of the very successful first edition which condenses and synthesizes a variety of drawing directives that aid clinicians in the assessment process, as well as in therapy. The new edition will update literature reviews, provide new case studies and art work. Its unique blend of assessment techniques and therapeutic uses of drawing make the book appealing to all mental health professionals, from therapists and counselors through to psychiatrists.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xiii
Debra Linesch
Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xix
Clinical Uses of Drawings	1	(40)
Expression through Drawings	1	(7)
Drawings Are Less Threatening	2	(1)
Drawings Provide Focused Discussion	3	(1)
Drawings Supply Creative Solutions	3	(3)
Drawings Provide Visual Representations of Problem Areas	6	(1)
Drawings Expand Therapeutic Engagement	7	(1)
Alternative Problem Solving	8	(6)
Historical Views of Drawing	14	(3)
Development as Seen through Drawings	17	(5)
Stages of Development	18	(4)
Drawings in the Assessment Process	22	(4)
Symbols of Personal Meaning in Assessment	26	(1)
Psychotherapeutic Advantages of Drawing	27	(2)
Crisis-Oriented Interventions	29	(6)
Drawings Increase Clarification and Coping Skills	33	(1)
Drawings Can Portray Past Events	34	(1)
The Importance of Other Art Media	35	(1)
Implications of Color	36	(2)
Concluding Images	38	(3)
Beginning Assessment and Treatment	41	(30)
Responding to Referral Questions	41	(5)
Identifying Presenting Problems	42	(1)
Main Referral Sources	43	(3)
Answering Referral Questions	46	(3)
Puzzles that Need Solutions	46	(1)
Multiple-Measures Approaches to Assessment	46	(3)
Drawings in the Test Battery	49	(1)
Drawings and Cognitive Development	49	(11)
Quick Estimates of Intelligence	50	(3)
From Enjoyment to Structure	53	(1)
Developmental Progressions	54	(5)
Developmental Scoring Systems	59	(1)
Using Drawings as Projective Devices	60	(5)
Personality Dimensions of Human Figure Drawings	60	(1)
Emotional Signs and Indicators	61	(1)
Criticisms and Controversies	62	(1)
Variations in Drawing Directives	63	(2)
The Importance of Behavioral Observations	65	(1)
Summary	66	(5)
Drawings in the Diagnostic Process	71	(76)
Diagnostic Indicators	71	(2)
Art as Personal Expression	72	(1)
Goodenough-Harris Drawing Procedure	73	(2)
Machover's Draw-A-Person Test	75	(8)
Instructions	76	(1)
Interpretations and Cautions	77	(6)
Draw-A-Person-In-The-Rain Technique	83	(6)
Mother-and-Child Drawings	89	(3)
House-Tree-Person Technique	92	(23)
House Drawings	93	(8)
Tree Drawings	101	(7)
Person Drawings	108	(7)
Kinetic-House-Tree-Person Technique	115	(1)
Family Drawing Procedures	116	(14)
Kinetic-Family-Drawing	118	(2)
Family-Centered-Circle-Drawing	120	(3)
Kinetic School Drawing	123	(4)
Silver Drawing Tests	127	(2)
The Diagnostic Drawing Series	129	(1)
Sexual Abuse Indicators in Drawings	130	(14)
Conclusion	144	(3)
Using Drawings During Individual Psychotherapy	147	(58)
Images of Psychotherapy	147	(5)
Increasing Spontaneity and Self-Discovery	152	(3)
Promoting Maturity	155	(5)
Tools of Active Change	155	(5)
Documenting Progress	160	(4)
The Benefits of Using Drawing Techniques	162	(1)
Overcoming Resistance	163	(1)
Draw-A-Story Game	164	(1)
Initial Stages of Psychotherapy	165	(9)
Discovering Pathways to Establish Trust	165	(6)
Empowering the Client	171	(1)
Patient Considerations	172	(2)
Dealing with Power Struggles	174	(1)
Techniques that Assist Therapeutic Beginnings	174	(5)
The Scribble	174	(4)
Free Drawings	178	(1)
How Drawings Impact Therapy Sessions	179	(3)
Time Limits	179	(1)
Homework	180	(1)
Missed Appointments	181	(1)
Enhancing the Therapeutic Relationship	182	(2)
Discussing Shared Symbols	182	(1)
When Interpretations Are Considered	182	(1)
Outlining Desired Change	183	(1)
Establishing Relationships	184	(2)
Resolving Emotional Blocks	186	(1)
Working with Dreams	187	(4)
Cathartic Releases and Regression	191	(1)
Portrayals of Transference	192	(3)
The Drawing of Transference	192	(2)
Dual Drawings	194	(1)
Resolving Conflicts	195	(1)
Therapeutic Endings	196	(7)
Summary	203	(2)
Drawings in Family Evaluations	205	(54)
The Family Organization	205	(3)
The Family Therapy Movement	208	(15)
Bowen's Theoretical Concepts	209	(2)
Structural Family Therapy	211	(8)
Strategic Interventions	219	(1)
Communication Theory	219	(4)
The Therapist as Detective	223	(1)
Artwork in Family Sessions	224	(8)
Drawings as Diagnostic and Process Tools	224	(4)
Discussing Conflict through Drawings	228	(3)
An Enhancement to the Practitioner	231	(1)
Drawings in Family Assessment	232	(8)
Revealing Family Dynamics	236	(3)
Roles of the Family Therapist	239	(1)
Psychodynamic Approaches to Family Intakes	240	(2)
Marital Evaluative Drawings	242	(3)
The Family System	245	(7)
Observing Coalitions	245	(1)
Strategic Metaphors	246
Intervening through Family Coalitions	245	(6)
Inner Resource Drawings	251	(1)
Family Crises	252	(1)
Drawings as Experiential Techniques	253	(4)
Family Flags and Emblems	254	(3)
Summary	257	(2)
Using Drawings in Group Treatment	259	(48)
Interpersonal Aspects of Groups	259	(2)
Therapeutic Goals of Groups	261	(2)
The Primary Role of Group Leaders	263	(1)
Making Plans for Therapeutic Groups	263	(2)
Stages of Group Process	265	(3)
Initial Stages	265	(1)
Controlling Defensiveness	266	(1)
The Essential Work	267	(1)
Defining the Success of the Group Experience	267	(1)
Drawings within the Group Context	268	(6)
Adding Creative Methods to Group Process	273	(1)
Duties of Group Leaders	273	(1)
Enhancing the Group through Art Directives	274	(10)
Introduction of Group Members and Clarification of Goals	275	(1)
Sharing with Other Group Members	275	(6)
Revelation of Group Roles through Drawings	281	(2)
Reviewing Drawings and Termination	283	(1)
Specific Directives for Varying Age Groups	284	(13)
Young Group Members	285	(2)
Latency Age and Preteen Groups	287	(3)
The Teen Years	290	(2)
Groups with Older Adults	292	(5)
Groups with Specific Focus	297	(7)
Incident Drawings with Focus on Substance Abuse	298	(1)
Children's Drawings in Grief and Loss Groups	299	(4)
Using Drawings with ADHD Populations	303	(1)
Conclusions	304	(3)
References	307	(8)
Further Reading	315	(4)
Index	319