Vertical Reference Systems

by Drewes, Hermann; Dodson, Alan H.; Fortes, Luiz; Sanchez, Laura; Sandoval, Pedro; Souto, Paulo

• ISBN13: 9783540430117
• ISBN10: 3540430113
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-11-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The book contains the papers presented at the IAG Symposium on Vertical Reference Systems held in Cartagena, Colombia, in February 2001. It covers the status report of existing height reference systems and the latest steps towards the establishment of a unified vertical reference system. Classical and modern height determination techniques are included as well as the determination of height reference surfaces like sea level and geoid. Emphasis is also given to the variations of the reference systems with time, i.e., sea level changes and geodynamic deformations.

Table of Contents

Introduction
P. Sandoval
The cooperation between IAG and PAIGH	3	(4)
W. Torge
Vertical Control Systems
R. Luz
C. Brunini
Velocity estimates of IGS RNAAC SIRGAS stations	7	(4)
W. Seemuller
K. Kaniuth
H. Drewes
The vertical reference system in the Argentine Republic	11	(5)
E. A. Lauria
F. M. Galban
C. Brunini
G. Font
R. Rodriguez
C. Pacino
Improvements in the ellipsoidal heights of the Argentine reference frame	16	(4)
C. Brunini
J. Moirano
H. Drewes
K. Kaniuth
Brazilian first order levelling network	20	(3)
R. T. Luz
V. M. Guimaraes
A. C. Rodrigues
J. D. Correia
The vertical geodetic network in Chile	23	(4)
R. Maturana
R. Barriga
Approach to the new vertical reference system for Colombia	27	(7)
L. Sanchez
W. Martinez
Vertical control networks in Indonesia	34	(4)
S. Sutisna
Current status of vertical control network in Peninsular Malaysia and plans for adjustment	38	(6)
M. Azhari
S. Shahrum
K. Majid
Vertical geodetic network of Mexico	44	(6)
F. J. Rodriguez Aguado
The new height system in Switzerland	50	(6)
U. Marti
A. Schlatter
Subsidence of the permanent GPS station Bogota	56	(4)
K. Kaniuth
P. Hafele
L. Sanchez
Time series analysis of the daily solutions of the AGRS.NL reference stations	60	(6)
F. Kleijer
Vertical motions from geodetic and geological data: a critical discussion of the results	66	(6)
F. Vespe
P. Rutigliano
C. Ferraro
A. Nardi
Central European vertical and kinematic systems	72	(3)
A. Zeman
Advances in the calculation of a height transformation model in Buenos Aires Province	75	(6)
R. Perdomo
D. Del Cogliano
N. Di Croche
K. Neuman
Height Determination Techniques	81	(270)
M. Lilje
M. Rothacher
Estimation of station heights with GPS	81	(10)
M. Rothacher
Contribution of individual space techniques to the realization of vertical reference systems	91	(6)
D. Angermann
K. Kaniuth
H. Muller
V. Tesmer
Analysis of time series of GPS height estimates with regard to atmospheric pressure loading	97	(4)
P. Hafele
K. Kaniuth
The impact of antenna radomes on height estimates in regional GPS networks	101	(6)
K. Kaniuth
K. Stuber
Influence of tropospheric zenith delays obtained by GPS and VLBI on station heights	107	(6)
J. Bohm
H. Schuh
R. Weber
A study on the effects of data accuracy and datum inconsistencies on relative GPS levelling	113	(6)
C. Kotsakis
G. Fotopoulos
M. G. Sideris
Employing the strict kinematic model for the maintenance of a height reference frame based on conventional levellings	119	(6)
F. Kleijer
F. Kenselaar
A. J. T. de Bruijne
R. E. Molendijk
Minimising the error budget in the third precise levelling of Sweden	125	(6)
M. Lilje
P. A. Olsson
P. O. Eriksson
R. Svensson
The influence of gravity variations on leveled heights	131	(6)
I. L. Ateya
S. Takemoto
Motorised levelling - the ultimate tool for production of classic national height networks	137	(8)
J. M. Becker
M. Lilje
P. A. Olsson
P. O. Eriksson
Height Reference Surfaces
H. Drewes
R. Dietrich
D. Blitzkow
New results in the determination of the geoid model in Argentina	145	(3)
M. C. Pacino
G. Font
C. Tocho
D. Blitzkow
Data collecting and processing for quasi-geoid determination in Brazil	148	(4)
D. Blitzkow
A. C. Cancoro de Matos
M. C. B. Lobianco
Improving the quasigeoid model in Colombia	152	(5)
W. Martinez
L. Sanchez
Isostatic anomaly maps for Colombia	157	(6)
C. F. Mora
Y. A. Jimenez
Project to refine the geoidal solution in the Mexican area	163	(6)
A. Hernandez-Navarro
The vertical datum and local geoid models in Uruguay	169	(7)
W. H. Subiza Pina
H. Rovera Di Liandro
L. Turban
One approach to determine the geoid local trend at Montevideo area	176	(6)
F. D. Barbato
R. Perez
J. Faure
B. Sozo
D. Sena
M. Aljas
Current status of geoid calculation in Venezuela	182	(5)
M. Hoyer
E. Wildermann
G. Acuna
J. Hernandez
A. Nahmens
J. Velandia
Geoidal undulations from GPS measurements in Venezuela	187	(5)
M. Hoyer
E. Wildermann
G. Acuna
M. Lopez
C. Gil
M. Forgione
J. Hernandez
Geoid study in Tierra del Fuego	192	(2)
D. Del Cogliano
J. L. Hormaechea
R. Perdomo
F. Galban
E. Lauria
G. Ramos
Preliminary geoid model for Tierra del Fuego	194	(3)
G. Font
C. Tocho
Using a ``GPS/MSL geoid'' to test geoid models in the UK	197	(6)
R. M. Bingley
A. H. Dodson
N. T. Penna
T. F. Baker
Online and postprocessed GPS-heighting based on the concept of a digital height reference surface (DFHRS)	203	(6)
R. Jager
S. Schneid
General scheme for the computation of regional geoid undulations using spherical wavelets	209	(6)
M. Schmidt
W. Martinez
J. Florez
Predicting free-air gravity anomaly using artificial neural network	215	(4)
A. R. Tierra
S. R. C. De Freitas
Local geoid models - practical considerations	219	(6)
W. Douglas
P. L. S. Black
Sea Level and Height Systems
A. Dodson
W. Bosch
The sea surface topography and its impact to global height system definition	225	(6)
W. Bosch
Correlation between multi-mission altimeter time series and tide gauge registrations in the Caribbean sea	231	(7)
G. Acuna
W. Bosch
B. Meisel
The EVAMARIA project: Identification and verification of sea level anomalies in the North Atlantic	238	(6)
W. Bosch
H. Drewes
P. Hafele
K. Kaniuth
R. Kaniuth
M Kuhn
K. Stuber
H. Tremel
Vertical crustal movements of tide gauges sites around the North Atlantic Ocean	244	(5)
P. Hafele
S. Huber
K. Kaniuth
Caribbean sea level variability from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry	249	(6)
W. Bosch
G. Acuna
R. Kaniuth
Monitoring tide gauges benchmarks in Argentina by GPS	255	(4)
M. Natali
C. Brunini
K. Kaniuth
H. Drewes
Mean sea level and sea surface variability of Indonesian waters from TOPEX/Poseidon	259	(5)
L. S. Heliani
I. L. Ateya
Y. Fukuda
S. Takemoto
Using GPS to separate crustal movements and sea level changes at tide gauges in the UK	264	(6)
F. N. Teferle
R. M. Bingley
A. H. Dodson
N. T. Penna
T. F. Baker
Towards a globally consistent nautical chart datum definition in France	270	(6)
A. Ballay
B. Simon
G. Woppelmann
The 3-D coastline of the new millenium (managing datums in n-dimension space)	276	(6)
Ch. O'Reilly
H. Varma
G. King
Geoid variations due to mean sea level variations	282	(9)
M. Kuhn
Unification of Vertical Reference Systems
S. de Freitas
L. P. Fortes
World height system specified by geopotential at tide gauge stations	291	(6)
M. Bursa
S. Kenyon
J. Kouba
K. Radej
V. Vatrt
M. Vojtisova
J. Simek
Scientific foundations of the SIRGAS vertical reference system	297	(5)
H. Drewes
L. Sanchez
D. Blitzkow
S. de Freitas
The vertical reference frame for the Americas - The SIRGAS 2000 GPS campaign	302	(4)
R. T. Luz
L. P. S. Fortes
M. Hoyer
H. Drewes
Preliminary results of SIRGAS 2000 campaign - IBGE analysis center	306	(6)
S. M. Alves Costa
E. S. Fonseca Junior
J. A. Fazan
J. F. G. Monico
P. O. Camargo
Processing of the SIRGAS 2000 GPS network at DGFI	312	(6)
K. Kaniuth
H. Tremel
H. Drewes
K. Stuber
R. Maturana
H. Parra
Associated problems to link South American vertical networks and possible approaches to face them	318	(6)
S. R. C. de Freitas
A. S. Medina
S. R. S. de Lima
Connection of the vertical control networks of Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia	324	(4)
J. N. Hernandez
D. Blitzkow
R. Luz
L. Sanchez
P. Sandoval
H. Drewes
Attempts to unify the Australian height datum between the Mainland and Tasmania	328	(6)
W. E. Featherstone
Towards the establishment of an Indonesian unified vertical datum	334	(5)
A. Kasenda
A. H. W. Kearsley
Determination of a unified height reference system for the computation of a local geoid around the volcanoes Merapi and Merbabu, Java, Indonesia	339	(6)
C. Gerstenecker
G. Laufer
B. Snitil
A. Sunantyo
The vertical reference system for Europe	345	(6)
J. Ihde
W. Augath
M. Sacher
Cartagena Statement on Vertical Reference Systems	351