Veterinary Guide to Horse Breeding

by Giffin, James M.; Darling, Kjersten

• ISBN13: 9780764571282
• ISBN10: 0764571281
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-30
• Publisher: INGRAM

Summary

A landmark breeding resource for new and seasoned horse owners alike With millions of recreational riders on the bridle paths today, breeding is becoming increasingly popular among horse owners at all experience levels. Whether you are already enjoying the rich rewards of equine breeding or need down-to-earth advice on whether breeding is right for you and your animal, the Veterinary Guide to Horse Breeding offers a thorough, up-to-date overview of the process. From selecting the best horses to mating, pregnancy, birthing, and caring for a newborn foal, this is the authoritative resource you'll want by your side at all stages of the breeding process to bring healthy, beautiful foals into your life. Features include: * Guidance on evaluating mares and stallions from bloodline and performance record to overall health and appearance * Key breeding techniques such as artificial insemination, pasture breeding, and hand breeding * Pregnancy essentials including testing, gestation, care of pregnant mares, and dealing with complications * Foaling fundamentals: signs of approaching labor, labor and delivery, care of the postpartum mare, and more * A complete immunization schedule, physiological evaluation tables and procedures, and a thorough glossary of terms * More than 100 photos and drawings illustrating anatomy, techniques, and procedures

Author Biography

JAMES M. GIFFIN, M.D., a graduate of Yale University School of Medicine, coauthored the Horse Owner’s Veterinary Handbook, Dog Owner’s Home Veterinary Handbook, and Cat Owner’s Home Veterinary Handbook, three top-selling titles from Howell Book House.

KJERSTEN DARLING, D.V. M., a graduate of the University of California-Davis Veterinary School, is a specialist in equine reproduction. She currently runs her own practice in Montrose, California.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xii
The Breeding Mare	1	(20)
Selecting the Broodmare	1	(2)
Bloodlines	1	(1)
Performance Records	2	(1)
Appearance	2	(1)
Temperament	3	(1)
Mare Anatomy	3	(2)
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Mare	5	(8)
History	5	(1)
General Health and Appearance	6	(3)
Perineal Examination	9	(1)
Clitoral/Vestibular Cultures	9	(1)
Rectal Palpation	10	(1)
Vaginal Examination	10	(3)
The Reproductive Cycle	13	(2)
Natural Breeding Season	13	(1)
Operational Breeding Season	14	(1)
The Estrous Cycle (Heat Cycle)	15	(3)
Estrus (The Follicular Phase)	15	(1)
Diestrus (The Luteal Phase)	16	(2)
Care of the Broodmare	18	(3)
Feeding and Nutrition	18	(1)
Vaccinations	19	(1)
Deworming	19	(1)
Preventive Dentistry	20	(1)
Foot Care	20	(1)
Abnormal Estrous Cycles	21	(14)
Anestrus	21	(3)
Debilitation Anestrus	23	(1)
Postpartum (Lactation) Anestrus	23	(1)
Steroid-Induced Anestrus	23	(1)
Prolonged Diestrus	24	(3)
Persistent Corpus Luteum	24	(1)
Ovulation in Diestrus	25	(1)
Pseudopregnancy	26	(1)
Persistent Estrus	27	(1)
Anovulatory Follicles Associated with Transitional Heat Cycles	27	(1)
Anovulatory Hemorrhagic Follicle (Autumn Follicle)	28	(1)
Irregular Estrous Cycles	28	(1)
Short-Cycling	28	(1)
Split Estrus	29	(1)
Hormonal Manipulation of the Estrous Cycle	29	(6)
Prostaglandin	29	(1)
Progesterone	30	(1)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin	30	(1)
Estrogen	31	(1)
Shortening the Estrous Cycle	31	(1)
Synchronizing Ovulation	32	(1)
Inducing Ovulation	32	(3)
The Stallion	35	(26)
Selecting the Stallion	35	(2)
Stallion Anatomy	37	(2)
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Stallion	39	(5)
History	39	(1)
General Health and Appearance	39	(1)
Genital Examination	40	(1)
Semen Analysis	40	(4)
Managing the Stallion for Maximum Reproductive Efficiency	44	(2)
Care of the Stallion	46	(1)
Feeding and Nutrition	46	(1)
Vaccinations	46	(1)
Deworming	47	(1)
Exercise	47	(1)
Preventive Dentistry	47	(1)
Foot Care	47	(1)
Handling the Stallion	47	(5)
Stallion Vices	52	(4)
Biting	52	(1)
Rearing and Striking	52	(1)
Kicking	53	(1)
Charging	53	(1)
Masturbation	54	(1)
Stable Vices	54	(2)
Gelding the Stallion	56	(5)
The Operation	56	(1)
Unilateral Gelding	56	(2)
Persistent Stallion Behavior (Proud Cuts)	58	(3)
Determining When to Breed	61	(16)
The Importance of Keeping Good Records	61	(2)
Heat Detection and Teasing	63	(6)
Signs of Heat	64	(2)
Teasing Methods	66	(3)
Predicting Ovulation	69	(4)
Rectal Palpation	70	(1)
Transrectal Ultrasound	71	(2)
Hormone Tests	73	(1)
Problems with Detecting Heat	73	(2)
Silent Heat (Behavioral Anestrus)	73	(2)
Breeding on the Foal Heat	75	(2)
Breeding	77	(10)
Pasture Breeding	77	(1)
Hand Breeding	78	(9)
Preparation	80	(2)
Covering the Mare	82	(5)
Artificial Insemination	87	(16)
General Information	87	(1)
Pregnancy Rates	88	(1)
Semen Collection	88	(5)
Semen Handling	93	(2)
Inseminating the Mare with Fresh Semen	95	(2)
Insemination Volume	95	(1)
Timing and Frequency of Insemination	95	(1)
Inseminating	95	(2)
Inseminating with Cooled-Transported Semen	97	(4)
Testing the Stallion	97	(1)
Ordering the Semen	98	(1)
Shipping the Cooled Semen	98	(2)
Inseminating	100	(1)
Frozen Semen	101	(2)
Pregnancy	103	(12)
Gestation	103	(1)
Determining Pregnancy	103	(4)
Teasing Response	103	(1)
Palpation per Rectum	104	(1)
Serum Pregnancy Tests	105	(1)
Ultrasonography	105	(2)
Care of the Pregnant Mare	107	(3)
Feeding During Pregnancy	107	(1)
Exercise	108	(1)
Vaccinations	109	(1)
Intestinal Parasites	110	(1)
Preparing for Foaling	110	(2)
Pregnancy Complications	112	(3)
Hydrops of the Fetal Membranes	112	(1)
Ruptured Prepubic Tendon and Abdominal Wall Muscles	112	(1)
Preterm Torsion of the Uterus	113	(1)
Preterm Rupture of the Uterus	113	(2)
Mare Infertility	115	(26)
The Role of Natural Defenses	115	(3)
Pneumovagina	116	(2)
Mare Infertility Evaluation	118	(3)
Equine Venereal Disease	121	(5)
Common Bacterial Infections	121	(2)
Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)	123	(1)
Coital Exanthema	124	(1)
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)	124	(1)
Dourine	125	(1)
Diseases of the Uterus	126	(7)
Endometritis	126	(6)
Pyometra (Abscess of the Uterus)	132	(1)
Cervix Diseases	133	(1)
Cervicitis	133	(1)
Lacerations and Cervical Incompetence	133	(1)
Cervical Adhesions and Stenosis	134	(1)
Vaginal and Vulvar Diseases	134	(2)
Vaginitis	134	(1)
Vaginal Bleeding	135	(1)
Rectovaginal Fistula	135	(1)
Vulvar Diseases	135	(1)
Ovarian Disease	136	(2)
Tumors of the Ovary	136	(1)
Cystic Ovary Syndrome	137	(1)
Chromosome Abnormalities	137	(1)
Behavioral Causes of Infertility	138	(3)
Behavioral Anestrus (Silent Heat)	138	(1)
Nymphomania	138	(1)
Stallionlike Behavior	139	(2)
Abortion	141	(14)
General Information	141	(1)
Early Embryonic Death	142	(1)
Infectious Causes of Abortion	143	(3)
Equine Rhinopneumonitis (Herpes Virus 1)	144	(1)
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)	144	(1)
Bacterial Abortion	144	(2)
Fungal Abortion	146	(1)
Twin Pregnancy	146	(3)
Maternal and Placental Causes of Abortion	149	(2)
Incompetent Cervix	149	(1)
Placental Disorders	149	(1)
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities	150	(1)
Genetic and Developmental Defects	150	(1)
Trauma and Stress	150	(1)
Toxic Causes of Abortion	151	(2)
Forage Toxicities	151	(1)
Drugs and Chemicals	152	(1)
Inducing Abortion	153	(2)
Stallion Infertility	155	(22)
Performance Problems Affecting Stallion Fertility	155	(5)
Lack of Libido	155	(2)
Stallion-Handling Mistakes	157	(1)
Traumatic Breeding Experiences	157	(1)
Overuse	158	(1)
Excessive Teasing	158	(1)
Ejaculatory Problems	159	(1)
Mounting Problems	160	(1)
Premature Erection	160	(1)
Semen Causes of Infertility	160	(3)
Impaired Sperm Production	160	(1)
Hemospermia	161	(1)
Urospermia	162	(1)
Bacteria in Semen	163	(1)
Diseases of the Penis and Urethra	163	(6)
Phimosis, Paraphimosis and Priapism	163	(1)
Penile Injuries	164	(1)
Inflammation of the Penis and Sheath	165	(1)
Equine Coital Exanthema	165	(1)
Habronemiasis	165	(2)
Penile Tumors	167	(1)
Urethritis	168	(1)
Urethral Obstruction	168	(1)
Accessory Sex Gland Infection	169	(1)
Testicular Diseases	170	(7)
Orchitis	170	(1)
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord	171	(1)
Testicular Degeneration	172	(1)
Testicular Hypoplasia	173	(1)
Inguinal and Scrotal Hernias	173	(1)
Hydrocele	174	(1)
Varicocele	174	(1)
Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism)	175	(1)
Testicular Tumors	175	(2)
Assisted Reproductive Technology	177	(4)
Embryo Transfer	177	(3)
Collecting the Embryo	178	(1)
Grading the Embryo	178	(1)
Selecting the Recipient Mare	179	(1)
Transferring the Embryo	179	(1)
Cooled-Transported and Frozen Embryos	180	(1)
In Vitro Fertilization	180	(1)
Pregnancy Prevention	181	(4)
Removing the Ovaries (Ovariectomy)	181	(1)
Prevention of Estrus	182	(3)
Foaling	185	(26)
Getting Ready	185	(5)
Confinement	185	(1)
Signs of Approaching Labor	186	(4)
Labor and Delivery	190	(9)
Stage 1	190	(1)
Stage 2	191	(6)
Stage 3	197	(2)
Resuscitating the Newborn Foal	199	(1)
Care of the Postpartum Mare	200	(2)
Postpartum Check	200	(1)
Vaginal Discharge	201	(1)
Postpartum Colic	201	(1)
Healthcare	201	(1)
Feeding for Lactation	201	(1)
Postpartum Complications	202	(6)
Postpartum Bleeding	202	(1)
Vaginal and Vulvar Lacerations	203	(1)
Retained Placenta	204	(1)
Acute Postpartum Metritis	205	(1)
Delayed Uterine Involution	205	(1)
Rupture of the Uterus	206	(1)
Invagination of the Uterine Horn	206	(1)
Prolapsed Uterus	207	(1)
Abnormal Maternal Behavior	207	(1)
Inducing Labor	208	(3)
Determining Fetal Maturity	209	(1)
Induction	209	(2)
Difficult Foaling	211	(14)
Dystocia	211	(1)
When to Call Your Veterinarian	212	(1)
What to Do While Waiting for Your Veterinarian	212	(1)
Equine Obstetrics	212	(2)
Obstetric Techniques and Procedures	212	(2)
Treating Specific Dystocias	214	(10)
Deviation of the Head	215	(1)
Deviation of the Forelimbs	216	(2)
Foal on Its Side (Dorsoileal Position)	218	(1)
Upside-Down Foal (Dorsopubic Position)	218	(1)
Posterior Presentation	219	(1)
Transverse Presentation	220	(1)
Foot-Nape Presentation	220	(1)
Dog-Sitting Presentation (Hip-Flexed Posture)	220	(1)
Fetal Malformations	220	(1)
Small Pelvic Outlet	221	(1)
Twins	221	(1)
Hip Lock	221	(1)
Elbow Lock (Shoulder-Elbow Flexion)	222	(1)
Shoulder Lock	222	(1)
Premature Separation of the Placenta (Placenta Previa)	222	(1)
Torsion of the Uterus	223	(1)
Uterine Inertia	223	(1)
Cesarean Section	224	(1)
Care of the Newborn Foal	225	(30)
After the Delivery	225	(3)
Nursing Behavior	225	(1)
Meconium Colic	226	(1)
Health Care	227	(1)
Exercise	228	(1)
Problems with Lactation	228	(4)
Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT) of Maternal Antibodies	229	(1)
Agalactia (Insufficient Milk Supply)	230	(1)
Mastitis	231	(1)
Udder Edema	232	(1)
The Orphan Foal	232	(2)
Neonatal Diarrhea	234	(4)
Foal Heat Diarrhea	234	(1)
Nutritional Diarrhea	235	(1)
Parasitic Diarrhea	235	(1)
Bacterial Diarrhea	235	(1)
Rotavirus Infection (Viral Enteritis)	236	(2)
Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers	238	(1)
Neonatal Infections	239	(4)
Foal Septicemia	239	(1)
Actinobacillosis (Sleepy Foal Syndrome)	240	(1)
Navel Ill (Umbilical Stump Infection)	241	(1)
Joint Ill (Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis)	241	(1)
Foal Pneumonia	242	(1)
Tyzzer's Disease	243	(1)
Neurologic Disorders	243	(4)
Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome	243	(1)
Shaker Foal Syndrome	244	(1)
Tetanus	245	(1)
Fainting Foal Syndrome (Narcolepsy-Cataplexy)	245	(1)
Cerebellar Abiotrophy	246	(1)
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Malformation	246	(1)
Congenital Defects	247	(8)
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis	247	(1)
Patent Urachus	248	(1)
Ruptured Bladder	249	(1)
Limb Deformities	249	(1)
Broken Ribs	250	(1)
Combined Immunodeficiency Disease	250	(1)
Heart Defects	251	(1)
Nutritional Myopathy (White Muscle Disease)	251	(1)
Neonatal Hypothyroidism	252	(1)
Eye Diseases	252	(1)
Cleft Palate	252	(1)
Malocclusion Problems	253	(1)
Colon Abnormalities	254	(1)
APPENDIX	255	(8)
Table I Minimum Daily Nutrient Requirements	255	(1)
Table II Immunization Schedule	256	(1)
Table III Additional Immunizations	257	(1)
Normal Physiologic Data	258	(2)
Normal Rectal Temperature	258	(1)
How to Take Your Horse's Temperature	258	(1)
Pulse	259	(1)
How to Take the Pulse	259	(1)
Respiratory Rate	260	(1)
Reproductive Data	260	(1)
Determining Your Horse's Weight	260	(1)
Table IV Determining Your Horse's Weight	261	(1)
Body-Condition Score	262	(1)
Glossary	263	(7)
Index	270