Vice and Virtue in Everyday Life (with InfoTrac)

by Hoff Sommers, Christina; Sommers, Fred

• ISBN13: 9780534605346
• ISBN10: 0534605346
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-06-30
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Preface. Introduction. 1. GOOD AND EVIL. Phllip Hallie: From Cruelty to Goodness. Jonathan Bennett: The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn. Phillip Hallie: The Evil that Men Think--And Do. Martin Gansberg: 38 Who Saw Murder Didn''t Call Police. Josiah Royce: The Moral Insight. Herman Melville: Billy Budd. Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil. 2. MORAL DOCTRINES AND MORAL THEORIES. The Judeo-Christian Tradition. Robert C. Mortimer: Morality is Based on God''s Commands. John Arthur: Why Morality Does Not Depend on Religion. David Hume: Of Benevolence. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism. Bernard Williams: A Critique of Utilitarianism. Ursula Le Guin: The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas. Fyodor Dostoyevsky: Why Not Murder? Immanuel Kant: Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative. Fred Sommers: The Holocaust and Moral Philosophy. James Rachels: Kant and the Categorical Imperative. 3. IS IT ALL RELATIVE? Herodotus: Morality as Custom. Ruth Benedict: A Defense of Moral Relativism. William Graham Sumner: A Defense of Cultural Relativism. Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban: Cultural Relativism and Universal Rights. Jane Perlez: Uganda''s Women: Children, Drudgery, and Pain. Louis Pojman: Who''s to Judge? Thomas Nagel: The Objective Basis of Morality. R.M. MacIver: The Deep Beauty of the Golden Rule. Martin Luther King, Jr.: I Have a Dream. The United Nations Charter: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 4. VIRTUE. Aristotle: Happiness and the Virtues. Saint Augustine: Of the Morals of the Catholic Church. Bernard Mayo: Virtue or Duty? Alasdair MacIntyre: Tradition and the Virtues. James Rachels: The Ethics of Virtue. Adam Smith: Of Justice and Beneficence. Charles Darwin: The Origin of the Moral Sense. Christina Sommers: Filial Morality. 5. VICE. Plutarch: Vice. Saint Augustine: The Depths of Vice. Jonathan Edwards: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Dante Alighieri: The Hypocrites. Samuel Johnson: Self-Deception. Bishop Butler: Upon Self-Deceit. Immanuel Kant: Jealousy, Envy, and Spite. 6. MORALITY AND SELF-INTEREST. Plato: The Ring of Gyges. Thomas Hobbes: Of the State of Men without Civil Society. David Hume: Of Self-Love. Harry Browne: The Unselfishness Trap. James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Skepticism. Ayn Rand: The Virtue of Selfishness. Louis Pojman: Egoism, Self-Interest, and Altruism. Colin McGinn: Why Not Be a Bad Person? Peter Singer: Why Act Morally? 7. CHARACTER, DIGNITY, AND SELF-RESPECT. Epictetus: The Art of Living. Vice Admiral James Stockdale: The World of Epictetus. Nancy Sherman: Educating the Stoic Warrior. Immanuel Kant: Dignity and Self-Respect. Joan Didion: On Self-Respect. John Stuart Mill: A Crisis in My Mental Life. Anthony Quinton: Character and Culture. 8. MORAL EDUCATION. Aristotle: Habit and Virtue. Laurence Kohlberg: The Child as Moral Philosopher. George Sher and William J. Bennett: Moral Education and Indoctrination. Carol Gilligan: In a Different Voice. George Sher: Other Voices, Other Rooms? Women''s Psychology and Moral Theory. Sidney B. Simon, Leland W. Howe, and Howard Kirschenbaum: The Values Clarification Approach. Charles Sykes: The ''Values'' Wasteland. Christina Sommers: How Moral Education is Finding its Way Back into America''s Schools". 9. MORALITY AND SOCIAL POLICY. Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality. John Arthur: World Hunger and Moral Obligation: The Case Against Singer. Garrett Hardin: Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor. William W. Murdoch and Allan Oaten: Population and Food: Metaphors and the Reality. Gerald O''Driscoll, Kim Holmes, and Melanie Kirkpatrick: Unfree, Hence Poor. Leon Kass: The Wisdom of Repugnance: The Case Against Human Cloning. Ranaan Gillon: Human Reproductive Cloning: A Look at the Arguments Against It and A Rejection of Most of Them. Cass R. Sunstein: The Constitution and the Clone. James Rachels: A Moral Defense of Vegetarianism. Aldo Leopold: The Land Ethic. Dennis Prager: Is God in Trees? Gregg Easterbrook: The Case Against Nature. 10. THE MEAN

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	xi
1 Good and Evil	1	(59)
Philip Hallie / From Cruelty to Goodness	4	(12)
Jonathan Bennett / The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn	16	(11)
Philip Hallie / The Evil That Men Think-And Do	27	(9)
Martin Gansberg / Thirty-eight Who Saw Murder Didn't Call Police	36	(3)
Josiah Royce / The Moral Insight	39	(3)
Herman Melville / Billy Budd	42	(9)
Friedrich Nietzsche / Beyond Good and Evil	51	(9)
2 Moral Doctrines and Moral Theories	60	(96)
The Judeo-Christian Tradition	63	(14)
Robert C. Mortimer / Morality Is Based on God's Commands	77	(4)
John Arthur / Why Morality Does Not Depend on Religion	81	(8)
David Hume / Of Benevolence	89	(4)
John Stuart Mill / Utilitarianism	93	(5)
Bernard Williams / A Critique of Utilitarianism	98	(7)
Ursula K. Le Gumn / The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas	105	(5)
Fyodor Dostoyevsky / Why Not Murder?	110	(19)
Immanuel Kant / Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative	129	(10)
James Rachels / Kant and the Categorical Imperative	139	(11)
Fred Sommers / The Holocaust and Moral Philosophy	150	(6)
3 Is It All Relative?	156	(53)
Herodotus / Morality As Custom	158	(1)
Ruth Benedict / A Defense of Moral Relativism	159	(7)
William Graham Sumner / A Defense of Cultural Relativism	166	(5)
Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban / Cultural Relativism and Universal Rights	171	(4)
Jane Perlez / Uganda's Women: Children, Drudgery, and Pain	175	(4)
Louis Pojman / Who's to Judge?	179	(11)
Thomas Nagel / The Objective Basis of Morality	190	(4)
R.M. MacIver / The Deep Beauty of the Golden Rule	194	(4)
Martin Luther King Jr. / I Have a Dream	198	(4)
The United Nations Charter: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights	202	(7)
4 Virtue	209	(68)
Aristotle / Happiness and the Virtues	211	(12)
Saint Augustine / Of the Morals of the Catholic Church	223	(4)
Bernard Mayo / Virtue or Duty?	227	(5)
Alasdair MacIntyre / Tradition and the Virtues	232	(9)
James Rachels / The Ethics of Virtue	241	(15)
Adam Smith / Of Justice and Beneficence	256	(7)
Charles Darwin / The Origin of the Moral Sense	263	(5)
Christina Hoff Sommers / Filial Morality	268	(9)
5 Vice	277	(32)
Plutarch / Vice	280	(3)
Saint Augustine / The Depths of Vice	283	(4)
Jonathan Edwards / Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God	287	(3)
Dante Alighieri / The Hypocrites	290	(4)
Samuel Johnson / Self-Deception	294	(3)
Joseph Butler / Upon Self-Deceit	297	(5)
Immanuel Kant / Jealousy, Envy, and Spite	302	(7)
6 Morality and Self-Interest	309	(57)
Plato / The Ring of Gyges	311	(4)
Thomas Hobbes / Of the State of Men without Civil Society	315	(6)
David Hume / Of Self-Love	321	(5)
Harry Browne / The Unselfishness Trap	326	(6)
James Rachels / Egoism and Moral Skepticism	332	(10)
Ayn Rand / The Virtue of Selfishness	342	(3)
Louis Pojman / Egoism, Self-Interest, and Altruism	345	(4)
Colin McGinn / Why Not Be a Bad Person?	349	(10)
Peter Singer / Why Act Morally?	359	(7)
7 Character, Dignity, and Self-Respect	366	(53)
Epictetus / The Art of Living	368	(5)
James Stockdale / The World of Epictetus	373	(12)
Nancy Sherman / Educating the Stoic Warrior	385	(8)
Immanuel Kant / Dignity and Self-Respect	393	(7)
Joan Diction / On Self-Respect	400	(4)
John Stuart Mill / A Crisis in My Mental Life	404	(6)
Anthony Quinton / Character and Culture	410	(9)
8 Moral Education	419	(91)
Aristotle / Habit and Virtue	421	(7)
Lawrence Kohlberg / The Child As a Moral Philosopher	428	(18)
George Sher and William J. Bennett / Moral Education and Indoctrination	446	(12)
Carol Gilligan / In a Different Voice	458	(11)
George Sher / Other Voices, Other Rooms? Women's Psychology and Moral Theory	469	(12)
Sidney B. Simon, Leland W. Howe, and Howard Kirschenbaum / The Values Clarification Approach	481	(6)
Charles Sykes / The "Values" Wasteland	487	(9)
Christina Hoff Sommers / How Moral Education Is Finding Its Way Back into America's Schools	496	(14)
9 Morality and Social Policy	510	(109)
Peter Singer / Famine, Affluence, and Morality	512	(8)
John Arthur / World Hunger and Moral Obligation: The Case against Singer	520	(6)
Garrett Hardin / Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor	526	(9)
William W. Murdoch and Allan Oaten / Population and Food: Metaphors and the Reality	535	(9)
Gerald O'Driscoll, Kim Holmes, and Melanie Kirkpatrick / Unfree, Hence Poor	544	(6)
Leon Kass / The Wisdom of Repugnance: The Case against Human Cloning	550	(14)
Raanan Gillon / Human Reproductive Cloning: A Look at the Arguments against It and a Rejection of Most of Them	564	(18)
Cass R. Sunstein / The Constitution and the Clone	582	(9)
James Rachels / A Moral Defense of Vegetarianism	591	(7)
Aldo Leopold / The Land Ethic	598	(8)
Dennis Prager / Is God in Trees?	606	(4)
Gregg Easterbrook / The Case against Nature	610	(9)
10 The Meaning of Life	619
T'ao Chien / Substance, Shadow, and Spirit	622	(3)
The Bhagavad Gita	625	(6)
Leo Tolstoy / My Confession	631	(9)
Bertrand Russell / A Free Man's Worship	640	(7)
Albert Camus / The Myth of Sisyphus	647	(4)
Thomas Nagel / The Meaning of Life	651	(4)
Joel Feinberg / Absurd Self-Fulfillment	655	(3)
The Book of Job	658