Video Basics 5

by Zettl, Herbert

• ISBN13: 9780495050322
• ISBN10: 0495050326
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Herbert Zettl draws on his expertise and field experience to bring you the new edition of VIDEO BASICS, the handiest and most authoritative, current, and technically accurate student guide to video production. Meeting the need for a briefer book, this text distills comprehensive video instruction so that it can be covered in a single semester. The book moves students from video concepts and processes to production tools and techniques, and finally, to the production environment (studio and field, inside and outside) and its effects. A more conceptual framework leads the student from the idea (what to create) to the image (how to create) on video.

Table of Contents

About the Author	xiii
Preface	xiv
PART I Production: Processes and People	1	(34)
The Production Process	2	(14)
The Production Model	4	(1)
The Production Phases	4	(1)
Importance of Preproduction	5	(1)
Preproduction: From Idea to Script	6	(2)
Program Objective	6	(1)
Angle	7	(1)
Evaluation	7	(1)
Script	8	(1)
Preproduction: From Script to Production	8	(1)
Medium Requirements	8	(1)
Budget	8	(1)
Generating Ideas on Demand	9	(3)
Brainstorming	9	(1)
Clustering	10	(2)
The Convergence of Studio and Field Production	12	(4)
The Production Team: Who Does What When?	16	(19)
Production Teams	18	(7)
Preproduction Team	20	(4)
Production Team	24	(1)
Postproduction Team	24	(1)
Passing the Buck	25	(2)
Taking and Sharing Responsibility	27	(2)
Production Schedule and Time Line	29	(6)
Interview Production Schedule	29	(1)
Time Line: March 9---Interview (Studio 1)	30	(5)
PART II Image Creation: Digital Video and Camera	35	(78)
Image Formation and Digital Video	36	(12)
Basic Image Formation	37	(5)
Scanning Process	38	(2)
Digital Video Scanning Systems	40	(2)
Flat-panel Screens	42	(1)
What is Digital?	42	(2)
The Difference Between Analog and Digital	43	(1)
Why Digital?	44	(4)
Picture Quality in Dubs	44	(1)
Compression	45	(1)
Picture and Sound Manipulation	46	(2)
The Video Camera	48	(20)
Basic Camera Function and Elements	49	(9)
Function	49	(2)
Lens	51	(3)
Imaging Device	54	(2)
Video Signal Processing	56	(1)
Viewfinder	57	(1)
Types of Cameras	58	(10)
Camcorders	58	(2)
Studio Cameras	60	(2)
Field Cameras	62	(1)
ENG/EFP Cameras	63	(2)
HDTV Cameras	65	(3)
Operating the Camera	68	(24)
Basic Camera Movements	70	(3)
Camera Mounts and How to Use Them	73	(11)
Handheld and Shoulder-mounted Camera	73	(3)
Tripod-supported Camera	76	(4)
Special Camera Mounts	80	(2)
Studio Pedestal	82	(2)
Robotic Studio Pedestal	84	(1)
Operational Features	84	(4)
Focusing	85	(1)
Adjusting Shutter Speed	86	(1)
Zooming	87	(1)
White-balancing	87	(1)
General Guidelines	88	(4)
Checklist: Camcorders and ENG/EFP Cameras	88	(1)
Checklist: Studio Cameras	89	(3)
Looking Through the Viewfinder	92	(21)
Framing a Shot	94	(11)
Aspect Ratio	94	(1)
Field of View	95	(1)
Vectors	96	(2)
Composition	98	(5)
Psychological Closure	103	(2)
Manipulating Picture Depth	105	(3)
Defining the Z-axis	105	(1)
Lenses and Z-axis Length	106	(1)
Lenses and Depth of Field	106	(2)
Lenses and Z-axis Speed	108	(1)
Controlling Camera and Object Motion	108	(5)
Controlling Camera Movement and Zooms	108	(2)
Controlling Object Motion	110	(3)
PART III Image Creation: Sound, Light, Graphics, and Effects	113	(90)
Audio and Sound Control	114	(34)
Sound Pickup Principle	116	(1)
Microphones	116	(13)
How Well Mics Hear: Sound Pickup	116	(2)
How Mics Are Made	118	(2)
How Mics Are Used	120	(9)
Sound Control	129	(9)
Manual Volume Control	131	(1)
Audio Mixer	131	(3)
Audio Console	134	(2)
Cables and Patch Panel	136	(2)
Sound Recording	138	(5)
Analog Recording Equipment	138	(1)
Digital Audio Production Equipment	139	(4)
Synthesized Sound	143	(1)
Sound Aesthetics	143	(5)
Context	143	(1)
Figure/Ground	144	(1)
Sound Perspective	144	(1)
Continuity	144	(1)
Energy	145	(3)
Light, Color, and Lighting	148	(36)
LIGHT	150	(3)
Types of Light	150	(1)
Light Intensity	150	(1)
Measuring Illumination	151	(1)
Contrast	152	(1)
SHADOWS	153	(3)
Attached Shadows	153	(2)
Cast Shadows	155	(1)
Falloff	156	(1)
COLOR	156	(4)
Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing	157	(1)
Color Television Receiver and Generated Colors	157	(1)
Color Temperature and White-balancing	158	(2)
Lighting Instruments	160	(8)
Spotlights	161	(3)
Floodlights	164	(2)
Special-purpose Spotlights and Floodlights	166	(2)
Lighting Techniques	168	(16)
Operation of Lights	168	(1)
Checklist: Lighting Safety	169	(1)
Studio Lighting	170	(6)
Field Lighting	176	(4)
Guidelines: Field Lighting	180	(4)
Graphics and Effects	184	(19)
Principles of Graphics	186	(4)
Aspect Ratio	186	(1)
Essential Area	186	(1)
Readability	187	(2)
Color	189	(1)
Animated Graphics	190	(1)
Style	190	(1)
Standard Electronic Video Effects	190	(6)
Superimposition	190	(1)
Key	191	(3)
Wipe	194	(2)
Digital Effects	196	(7)
Digital Image Manipulation Equipment	196	(1)
Common Digital Video Effects	197	(1)
Synthetic Image Creation	198	(5)
PART IV Image Control: Switching, Recording, and Editing	203	(86)
Switcher and Switching	204	(14)
Production Switcher	205	(2)
Basic Switcher Functions	207	(1)
Switcher Layout	208	(3)
Program Bus	208	(1)
Preview Bus	209	(1)
Key Bus	210	(1)
Fader Bar and Auto-transition	210	(1)
Delegation Controls	210	(1)
Switcher Operation	211	(7)
Working the Program Bus: Cuts-only	211	(1)
Working the Mix Buses: Cuts	212	(1)
Working the Mix Buses: Dissolves	213	(1)
Working the Effects Bus: Wipes	214	(1)
Working the Key Bus: Keys	214	(2)
Working the Downstream Keyer	216	(1)
Chroma Keying	216	(1)
Special Effects	216	(2)
Video Recording	218	(22)
Videotape-recording Systems	220	(8)
Tape- and Tapeless Recording Systems	220	(1)
Basic Videotape Tracks	220	(2)
Composite, Y/C Component, and Y/Color Difference Component Recording Systems	222	(2)
Types of Videotape Recorders	224	(1)
Time Base Corrector	225	(3)
Tape Format and Quality	228	(1)
Videotape-recording Process	228	(6)
The ``Before'' Checklist	228	(2)
The ``During'' Checklist	230	(4)
The ``After'' Checklist	234	(1)
Nonlinear Storage Systems	234	(2)
Computer Disks and Video Servers	234	(1)
Flash Memory Devices	235	(1)
Read/Write Optical Discs	236	(1)
Electronic Still Store Systems	236	(1)
Use Of Video Recording	236	(4)
Multimedia	237	(1)
Interactive Video	237	(3)
Postproduction: Linear and Nonlinear Editing	240	(28)
Linear Editing	242	(8)
Single-source Linear System	242	(3)
Multiple-source Linear System	245	(1)
Pulse-count and Address Code	246	(2)
Assemble Editing	248	(1)
Insert Editing	249	(1)
Nonlinear Editing	250	(6)
Nonlinear Editing System	250	(4)
Nonlinear Editing Phase 1: Capture	254	(1)
Nonlinear Editing Phase 2: Editing	255	(1)
Nonlinear Editing Phase 3: Export to Videotape or Disc	256	(1)
Postproduction Preparations	256	(6)
Production Tips To Make Postproduction Easier	258	(4)
Off-line And On-line Editing	262	(6)
Off-line Editing Procedures	262	(2)
On-line Editing Procedures	264	(4)
Editing Principles	268	(21)
Editing Purpose	269	(1)
Editing Functions	270	(1)
Combine	270	(1)
Condense	270	(1)
Correct	270	(1)
Build	271	(1)
Aesthetic Principles Of Continuity Editing	271	(12)
Mental Map	271	(3)
Vectors	274	(4)
On- and Off-screen Positions	278	(5)
Aesthetic Principles Of Complexity Editing	283	(6)
Intensifying an Event	284	(2)
Supplying Meaning	286	(3)
PART V Production Environment: Studio, Field, and Synthetic	289	(48)
Production Environment: The Studio	290	(26)
Video Production Studio	292	(4)
Physical Layout	292	(2)
Major Installations	294	(2)
Studio Control Room	296	(4)
Image Control	296	(3)
Sound Control	299	(1)
Master Control	300	(2)
Studio Support Areas	302	(1)
Scenery and Property Storage	302	(1)
Makeup	302	(1)
Scenery, Properties, and Set Dressings	302	(5)
Scenery	303	(3)
Properties	306	(1)
Set Dressings	307	(1)
Set Design	307	(9)
Program Objective	307	(1)
Floor Plan	308	(2)
Prop List	310	(1)
Using the Floor Plan for Setup	310	(1)
Evaluating the Floor Plan	311	(5)
Production Environment: Field and Computer-generated	316	(21)
Electronic News Gathering	318	(2)
News Gathering	318	(1)
Transmission	318	(2)
Electronic Field Production	320	(9)
Preproduction: Remote Survey	320	(1)
Production: Shooting	321	(3)
Checklist: Field Production Equipment	324	(5)
Postproduction: Wrap-up	329	(1)
Big Remotes	329	(2)
Synthetic Environments	331	(6)
Computer-generated Settings	332	(1)
Virtual Reality	332	(1)
Computer-controlled Environments	332	(5)
PART VI Production Control: Talent and Directing	337	(53)
Talent, Clothing, and Makeup	338	(18)
Performing Techniques	340	(9)
Performer and Camera	340	(1)
Audio and Lighting	341	(2)
Timing and Prompting	343	(6)
Acting Techniques	349	(2)
Environment and Audience	349	(1)
Close-ups	350	(1)
Repeating Action	351	(1)
Auditions	351	(1)
Clothing	352	(1)
Texture and Detail	352	(1)
Color	353	(1)
Makeup	353	(3)
Technical Requirements	354	(1)
Materials	354	(2)
Putting It All Together: Directing	356	(34)
Revisiting The Program Objective	358	(7)
Program Objective and Angle	358	(1)
Script Formats	358	(7)
Visualization	365	(2)
Preparing For A Multicamera Studio Production	367	(6)
Control Room Directing	373	(10)
Terminology	373	(1)
Time Line	373	(5)
Rehearsals	378	(3)
Directing the Multicamera Show	381	(2)
Single-Camera Directing	383	(7)
Major Differences	383	(1)
Single-camera Studio Directing	384	(1)
Single-camera Field Production	385	(1)
Interview	386	(1)
Documentary	387	(3)
Epilogue	390	(1)
Glossary	391	(11)
Index	402	(10)
Photo Credits	412