Viscosity of Liquids

by Viswanath, Dabir S.; Ghosh, Tushar K.; Prasad, Dasika. H. L.; Dutt, Nidamarty V. K.; Rani, Kalipatnapu Y.

• ISBN13: 9781402054815
• ISBN10: 1402054815
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-12-04
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book is unique in that it brings together published viscosity data, experimental methods, theoretical, correlation and predictive procedures in a single volume. The readers will get a better understanding of why various methods are used for measuring viscosity of different types of liquids and why an experimental method is dependent on fluid characteristics, such as Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids. Undergraduate and graduate students in any science and engineering disciplines will find this book very useful. It is an excellent reference book for chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, and food engineers. Any researchers associated with chemical synthesis, process development, fluid flow, the petroleum industry, the chemical industry or commercial enterprises will benefit significantly from this book. It is also recommended for design, professional, and practising engineers.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
General Information	p. 1
Viscosity Units and Conversion	p. 2
Fluid Flow and Viscosity	p. 6
Viscometers	p. 9
Capillary Viscometers	p. 9
Theory	p. 11
Kinetic Energy Correction	p. 14
End Corrections	p. 15
Ostwald Viscometer	p. 16
Modified Ostwald Viscometers	p. 17
Cannon-Fenske Routine Viscometer	p. 18
Cannon-Manning Semi-micro Viscometer	p. 19
Pinkevich Viscometer	p. 21
Zeitfuchs Viscometer	p. 23
SIL Viscometer	p. 25
BSU-tube Viscometer	p. 26
BSU-Miniature Viscometer	p. 27
Suspended Level Viscometers for Transparent Liquid	p. 28
Ubbelohde Viscometer	p. 29
Fitzsimons Viscometer	p. 31
Atlantic Viscometer	p. 33
Cannon - Ubbelohde Dilution Viscometer	p. 34
BS/IP/SL, BS/IP/SL(S), BS/IP/MSL Viscometers	p. 37
Reverse Flow Viscometers	p. 40
Cannon-Fenske Opaque Viscometer	p. 40
Zeitfuchs Cross-Arm Viscometer	p. 42
Lantz-Zeitfuchs Reverse Flow Viscometer	p. 43
BS/IP/RF U - Tube Reverse Flow	p. 45
Orifice Viscometers	p. 46
Red Wood Viscometer	p. 47
Engler Viscometer	p. 51
Saybolt Viscometer	p. 51
Ford Viscosity Cup Viscometer	p. 54
Zahn Viscosity Cup	p. 56
Shell Viscosity Cup	p. 58
High Temperature, High Shear Rate Viscometers	p. 59
Rotational Viscometers	p. 61
Coaxial-Cylinder Viscometer	p. 61
Cone and Plate Viscometers	p. 65
Haake Rotovisco	p. 67
Agfa Rotational Viscometer	p. 67
Rheogoniometer	p. 68
Ferranti-Shirley Cone-Plate Viscometer	p. 68
Stormer Viscometers	p. 68
Coni-Cylinder Viscometer	p. 69
Rotating/Parallel Disk Viscometers	p. 70
Falling Ball Viscometers	p. 72
Falling Sphere Viscometer for Opaque Liquids	p. 74
Rolling Ball Viscometers	p. 74
Falling Cylinder Viscometers	p. 76
Falling Needle Viscometer	p. 78
Vibrational Viscometers	p. 80
Tuning fork technology	p. 81
Oscillating sphere	p. 81
Vibrating rod	p. 82
Ultrasonic Viscometers	p. 83
Summary	p. 85
Theories of Viscosity	p. 109
Theories of Gas Viscosity	p. 109
Theories of Dense-Gas Viscosity	p. 113
Gas and Liquid Viscosity Theories	p. 115
Pure-Liquid Viscosity Theories	p. 119
Theories Proposed	p. 120
Semi-Theoretical Models	p. 122
Empirical Methods	p. 125
Summary	p. 125
Correlations and Estimation of Pure Liquid Viscosity	p. 135
Effect of Pressure on Viscosity of Liquids	p. 135
Lucas Method for the Effect of Pressure	p. 136
Neural Network Approaches for the Effect of Pressure	p. 137
Viscosity at Selected Reference Points	p. 137
Liquid Viscosity at the Critical Point	p. 137
Liquid Viscosity at the Normal Boiling Point	p. 138
Effect of Temperature	p. 138
Correlation Methods	p. 139
Two-Constant Equations	p. 139
Three Constant Equations	p. 162
Multi-Constant Equations	p. 197
Estimation Methods	p. 281
Relationships of Viscosity with Physical Properties	p. 281
Viscosity Dependence on Molecular Properties	p. 307
Generalized Relationships for Liquid Viscosity	p. 309
Gas Viscosity Estimation Methods Recommended for Liquids	p. 349
Golubev Approach	p. 349
Thodos et al. Equations	p. 349
Reichenberg Method	p. 350
Jossi et al. Relation	p. 351
Potential Parameter Approaches	p. 352
Artificial Neural Net Approaches	p. 362
Dedicated Equations for Selected Substances and Groups of Substances	p. 368
Comparison of Selected Prediction Methods	p. 390
Comparison of Prediction Capabilities of selected methods	p. 390
Input Requirements and Other Details of the Selected Prediction Methods	p. 395
Summary	p. 397
Viscosities of Solutions and Mixtures	p. 407
Viscosities of Solutions	p. 407
Falkenhagen Relations	p. 407
Kern Rule	p. 409
Davis Method	p. 410
Duhring Plot	p. 410
Solvation-Association Prone Solutions	p. 413
Viscosities of Fluid Mixtures	p. 413
Lean Mixture Viscosity	p. 414
Corresponding States Approaches	p. 414
Computations from Pure Component Data	p. 415
Dense Fluid Mixture Viscosity	p. 416
Gas and Liquid Mixture Viscosity	p. 417
Liquid Mixture Viscosity	p. 421
Artificial Neural Net Approach for Polar Liquid Mixtures	p. 426
Liquid Mixture Viscosities by Empirical Methods	p. 427
Kendall and Monroe Relation	p. 427
Arrhenius Equation	p. 428
Panchenkov Equation	p. 428
Analogy With Vapor-Liquid Equilibria - Reik Method	p. 429
Grunberg - Nissan Equation	p. 429
Van der Wyk Relation	p. 430
Tamura and Kurata Equation	p. 430
Lima Form of Souders' Equation	p. 430
McAllister Model	p. 431
Dedicated Equation for Camphor-Pyrene Mixture	p. 432
Viscosities of Heterogeneous Mixtures (Colloidal Solutions, Suspensions, Emulsions)	p. 432
Viscosities of Emulsions Formed by Immiscible Liquids	p. 434
Summary	p. 434
Experimental Data	p. 443
Experimental Data for Absolute Viscosity	p. 445
Kinematic Viscosity Data Tables	p. 590
Index	p. 645
Subject Index	p. 645
Compound Index: Experimental Data for Absoulute Viscosity	p. 649
Compound Index: Experimental Data for Kinematic Viscosity	p. 657
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