The Visual Arts A History

by Honour, Hugh; Fleming, John

• ISBN13: 9780810939356
• ISBN10: 0810939355
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: Harry N. Abrams

Summary

The Visual Arts is recognized as the most up-to-date and wide-ranging history of art available in one volume. Now completely revised, it's more comprehensive and compelling than ever.Authors Honour and Fleming take readers from pre-history to Post-Modernism, exploring all the familiar movements and masterworks but also delving into non-Western traditions, architecture, and the decorative arts. The incisive text (incorporating new research and discoveries), more than 1,350 illustrations (nearly 20% new), maps (all redrawn), time charts (all redesigned), and sidebars (including the new "Concepts" and "Urban Development") make this an invaluable resource for anyone who wants to understand art in context.

Table of Contents

Preface	10	(2)
INTRODUCTION	12	(22)
Art as Craft	12	(7)
Systems of Building	13	(1)
Sculptural Techniques and Materials	13	(2)
Painting Techniques and Materials	15	(3)
Print-making	18	(1)
Photography	18	(1)
Pictorial Representation	19	(4)
Perspective	19	(2)
Color	21	(2)
Style and Individual Expression	23	(2)
Context: Function and Meaning	25	(3)
The Power of Images	26	(2)
Women Artists	28	(2)
The History of Art	30	(4)
PART ONE FOUNDATIONS OF ART	34	(190)
1 BEFORE HISTORY	34	(16)
Timechart	34	(1)
The Art of Hunters	35	(8)
Cave Art	37	(6)
Mesolithic Art	43	(1)
The Art of Farmers	43	(1)
IN CONTEXT Catal Huyuk: A Neolithic Town	44	(6)
Neolithic Architecture	47	(1)
Stonehenge	48	(2)
2 THE EARLY CIVILIZATIONS	50	(40)
Timechart	50	(1)
Mesopotamia	50	(6)
Sumer	51	(4)
Akkadian Art	55	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Gudea's Dream	56	(2)
Ziggurats	57	(1)
Babylon	57	(1)
The Indus Valley	58	(4)
Ancient Egypt	62	(5)
Predynastic	62	(1)
Early Dynastic	63	(1)
Old Kingdom Architecture	64	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Ancient Egytian Pyramid Texts	67	(8)
Old Kingdom Sculpture and Painting	68	(4)
Middle Kingdom	72	(3)
The Aegean	75	(9)
Minoan Crete	76	(4)
Mycenae and the Mainland	80	(4)
IN CONTEXT The Homeric World	84	(1)
China	85	(5)
Shang Dynasty	86	(4)
3 DEVELOPMENTS ACROSS THE CONTINENTS	90	(36)
Timechart	90	(1)
The Hittites	90	(3)
The Discovery of Iron	93	(1)
The New Kingdom in Ancient Egypt	93	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Thutmose Instructs his Vizier	95	(1)
IN CONTEXT Hatshepsut: Women in Ancient Egypt	96	(10)
New Kingdom Architecture	98	(2)
Akhenaten	100	(3)
Ramesside Art	103	(3)
Assyria and Babylon	106	(6)
Narrative Relief	108	(2)
Babylon	110	(2)
Iran	112	(4)
Achaemenid Art	113	(1)
Persepolis	114	(2)
Zhou China	116	(3)
The Americas	119	(4)
The Olmecs	120	(2)
Peru	122	(1)
IN CONTEXT Chavin de Huantar: Religion and Society in Ancient Peru	123	(2)
Africa: Nok Culture	125	(1)
4 THE GREEKS AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS	126	(47)
Timechart	126	(1)
Archaic Greece	127	(9)
The Male Nude	131	(4)
The Polis	135	(1)
The Classical Period	136	(2)
The Parthenon	136	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Pausanias on the Parthenon	138	(6)
IN CONTEXT The Delphi Charioteer: Ancient Greek Religion and Athletics	144	(4)
Naturalism and Idealization	148	(1)
CONCEPTS The Ideal: Idealism, Proportion and the Canon	149	(10)
Vase Painting	153	(2)
Stelae	155	(1)
The Late Classical Period	156	(3)
Barbarian Alternatives: Scythians and the Animal Style	159	(3)
Hallstatt and La Tene	162	(2)
Iberia and Sardinia	164	(1)
The Etruscans	165	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Pliny on Etruscan Sculpture	168	(5)
5 HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN ART	173	(51)
Timechart	173	(2)
The Hellenistic Period	175	(11)
Plato, Aristotle and the Arts	177	(4)
Allegory	181	(2)
Hellenistic Architecture	183	(3)
Hellenistic and Roman Painting and Mosaics	186	(1)
IN CONTEXT Roman Luxury: Silver and Cameo Glass	187	(5)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Vitruvius on Roman Painting	192	(1)
Roman Architecture	193	(3)
Domestic Architecture	193	(2)
Temples and Public Works	195	(1)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT From Jericho to Imperial Rome: Grid Planning and Organic Growth	196	(7)
The Colosseum and the Invention of Concrete	199	(2)
The Pantheon	201	(2)
Roman Sculpture	203	(5)
Towards a Definition of Roman Art	204	(4)
IN CONTEXT Family Piety: The Roman Portrait Bust	208	(7)
Late Antique Art	215	(9)
PART TWO ART AND THE WORLD RELIGIONS	224	(140)
6 BUDDHISM, HINDUSIM AND FAR EASTERN ART	224	(72)
Timechart	224	(3)
Buddhist Art in India	227	(3)
IN CONTEXT The Life of Buddha: Scriptures and Images	230	(8)
The Image of Buddha	232	(6)
Hindu Art in India	238	(3)
CONCEPTS The Divine: From Apollo to Vishnu	241	(4)
IN CONTEXT Ellora: An Architect Sculptor's Summit	245	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Konarak Temple Building Accounts	248	(4)
Buddhist and Hindu Art in Sri Lanka and Java	252	(6)
Buddhist and Hindu Art on the South-east Asian Mainland	258	(5)
Confucian, Daoist and Buddhist Art in China	263	(3)
Han Dynasty	263	(3)
IN CONTEXT Confucius: Han Relief Carving	266	(19)
Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties	273	(3)
Song Dynasty	276	(4)
Landscape Painting	280	(5)
Shinto and Buddhist Art in Japan	285	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS The Nihongi and the First Buddhist Images in Japan	286	(7)
The Heian, Fujiwara and Kamakura Periods (794-1333)	290	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Lady Murasaki on Calligraphy	293	(3)
7 EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE ART	296	(45)
Timechart	296	(1)
The Beginnings of Christian Art	297	(3)
IN CONTEXT The Catacombs: Early Christian Art	300	(8)
From Domus Ecclesiae to the Christian Basilica	302	(3)
The Image of Christ	305	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Agnellus on S Apollinare Nuovo	308	(6)
Ravenna	311	(3)
Byzantine Art	314	(2)
Ecclesiastical Architecture	314	(2)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT Constantinople: The Creation of a Capital City	316	(10)
Hagia Sophia	318	(3)
The Classical Tradition	321	(2)
Icons and Iconoclasts	323	(1)
The Triumph of Orthodoxy	324	(2)
IN CONTEXT The Virgin: The First Images	326	(2)
Christian Art in Northern Europe	328	(1)
Interlace and Illumination	329	(3)
Christian Art in Western Europe	332	(1)
The Carolingian Renovatio	333	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Einhard on the Palatine Chapel	335	(1)
IN CONTEXT Monasticism: East and West	336	(1)
Developments in Christian Imagery	337	(4)
8 EARLY ISLAMIC ART	341	(23)
Timechart	341	(3)
Umayyad Art and Architecture	344	(5)
Abbasid Art and Architecture	349	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS The Byzantine Ambassadors Visit Baghdad	350	(3)
Islamic Spain	353	(3)
Samanid and Seljuk Architecture	356	(2)
IN CONTEXT The Madrasa: Architecture for Education	358	(1)
Islamic Decoration	359	(5)
PART THREE SACRED AND SECULAR ART	364	(278)
9 MEDIEVAL CHRISTENDOM	364	(58)
Timechart	364	(3)
Ottonian Art	367	(3)
Romanesque Architecture in Italy	370	(4)
Romanesque Art and Architecture in Northern Europe	374	(9)
Innovations in Romanesque Architecture	381	(2)
Gothic Art and Architecture	383	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Abbot Suger Finds Columns and Beams for St-Denis	384	(2)
IN CONTEXT The Gothic Cathedral: The New Jerusalem	386	(7)
High Gothic	388	(2)
Stained Glass and Flying Buttresses	390	(3)
Economics and Theology	393	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Abbot Haymo and the 'Cult of the Carts' at Chartres	393	(5)
Sculpture and Painting	395	(2)
English and German Gothic	397	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Piers Plowman on Stained Glass and Opus Anglicanum	398	(4)
Italian Gothic	400	(2)
IN CONTEXT St Francis and St Clare	402	(9)
Giotto	409	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS The Monks in Padua Complain about the Scrovegni Chapel	411	(2)
Secular and International Gothic	413	(9)
10 THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY IN EUROPE	422	(42)
Timechart	422	(1)
The Beginnings of the Italian Renaissance	423	(7)
Brunelleschi	424	(2)
Masaccio	426	(1)
'Progress' in Sculpture	427	(3)
A New Style in Flanders	430	(2)
Van Eyck and van der Weyden	430	(2)
IN CONTEXT The Ghent Altarpiece: Jan van Eyck and his Patrons	432	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Bartolommeo Fazio on Jan van Eyck	435	(1)
Architecture in Italy	436	(3)
Alberti	437	(2)
Sculpture in Italy	439	(5)
Donatello	439	(1)
New Departures	440	(4)
Italian Painting and the Church	444	(5)
Fra Angelico, Uccello and Piero della Francesca	444	(5)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Filippino Lippi and Folippo Strozzi: Financial and other Problems over the Strozzi Chapel	449	(1)
Secular Painting	450	(1)
Boticelli	451	(4)
The Venetian Synthesis	455	(5)
Mantegna and Bellini	455	(5)
IN CONTEXT Bellini and Carpaccio: Corporate Patronage in Renaissance Venice	460	(1)
International Humanism	461	(3)
Durer	461	(3)
11 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY IN EUROPE	464	(50)
Timechart	464	(1)
Reform and Early Sixteenth-century Art in the North	465	(8)
Hieronymus Bosch	467	(1)
Grunewald	468	(2)
Protestant Art	470	(3)
The High Renaissance in Italy	473	(5)
Leonardo da Vinci	473	(3)
Harmony, Unity and Raphael	476	(2)
IN CONTEXT Bramante's Tempietto: Alberti, Leonardo and the Ideal Renaissance Church	478	(4)
Michelangelo	482	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Michelangelo's David: Contract and Installation	482	(10)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT Renaissance Urbanism: The Rome of Sixtus V	492	(3)
The Venetian High Renaissance	495	(6)
Giorgione	495	(1)
Titian	496	(3)
Tintoretto and Veronese	499	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Veronese's Interrogation by the Inquisition	501	(3)
Sansovino, Palladio and the Laws of Harmony	502	(2)
Mannerism and Mannerisms	504	(6)
Coreggio and Mannerist 'Licence'	504	(5)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder	509	(1)
IN CONTEXT Pieter Bruegel's Months: Patronage in Flanders	510	(4)
El Greco	512	(2)
12 THE AMERICAS, AFRICA AND ASIA	514	(60)
Timechart	514	(1)
Mesoamerica and Peru	515	(7)
The Maya, Toltecs and Mixtecs	517	(4)
The Aztecs	521	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Cortes and Durer on Mexico and Montezuma's Treasure	522	(2)
Africa	524	(5)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Dapper on Benin	529	(1)
The Islamic World	530	(10)
Ottoman Architecture	533	(2)
Safavid Art and Architecture	535	(5)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT Isfahan and Samarkand: Islamic Urban Design	540	(6)
Mughal Art and Architecture	542	(4)
IN CONTEXT Nur-Jahan and Jahangir: Art at the Mughal Court	546	(4)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Domingo Paes on Vijayanagar	550	(1)
China	551	(11)
The Yuan Dynasty	551	(4)
The Ming Dynasty	555	(7)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Dong Quichang on Painting: The Study of Nature and Old Masters	562	(1)
Japan -- Kamakura to Edo	562	(8)
The Influence of Zen Buddhism	565	(5)
IN CONTEXT Namban Screens: The Japanese Encounter with Europeans	570	(4)
13 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY IN EUROPE	574	(40)
Timechart	574	(1)
New Beginnings in Rome	575	(1)
CONCEPTS Nature, Imitation and Invention: The Formation of Academic Theory	576	(3)
Baroque Art and Architecture	579	(3)
Rubens and van Dyck	580	(2)
IN CONTEXT The Jesuit Missions: Evangelization and Colonization	582	(15)
The Easel Painting in Italy	585	(2)
Bernini	587	(4)
Borromini	591	(1)
Poussin and Claude	592	(3)
Velasquez	595	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Pacheco Art in the Service of Religion	597	(1)
Dutch Painting	598	(4)
Hals	598	(2)
Rembrandt	600	(2)
IN CONTEXT Rembrandt's 'Hundred-guilder Print': The Development of Graphic Processes	602	(8)
Landscape	605	(3)
Still Life and Genre	608	(1)
Vermeer	609	(1)
England and France	610	(4)
14 ENLIGHTENMENT AND LIBERTY	614	(28)
Timechart	614	(1)
French Rococo Art	615	(5)
Watteau, de Troy and the Rococo Interior	617	(2)
Boucher, Chardin and Fragonard	619	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Diderot on Boucher, Greuze and Chardin	620	(2)
IN CONTEXT Fragonard and Greuze: Sex Objects and Virtuous Mothers	622	(2)
The Rococo in Germany and Italy	624	(5)
Tiepolo, Guardi and Canaletto	626	(3)
English Sense and Sensibility	629	(6)
Hogarth and Gainsborough	629	(1)
Landscape and Classicism	630	(5)
Neo-Classicism, or the 'True Style'	635	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Washington and Jefferson: Antique versus Modern Dress	636	(6)
Canova and David	637	(5)
PART FOUR THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD	642	(130)
15 ROMANTICISM TO REALISM	642	(50)
Timechart	642	(2)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT Factories and Public Parks: Owen, Nash and Olmsted	644	(2)
Romanticism	646	(11)
The Heirs of David	648	(2)
Goya	650	(2)
Gericault	652	(1)
Ingres	653	(1)
Delacroix	654	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Heine on Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People	657	(1)
Romanticism and Philosophy	657	(2)
Friedrich	657	(1)
Blake	658	(1)
Romantic Landscape Painting	659	(3)
Constable	659	(2)
Turner	661	(1)
IN CONTEXT Turner's Slave Ship: Images of Slavery	662	(3)
Corot and the Etude	664	(1)
Photography	665	(3)
In which Style should We Build!	668	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Pugin on the Principles of Christian Architecture	670	(1)
Historicism and Realism	671	(3)
The Pre-Raphaelites	672	(1)
Courbet	673	(1)
CONCEPTS Art for Art's Sake: Aestheticism versus Realism	674	(2)
Millet	675	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Baudelaire: 'What is the good of criticism?'	676	(8)
Manet	677	(3)
The USA	680	(4)
IN CONTEXT Caleb Bingham's Fur Traders: Art and the Frontier	684	(4)
Photography comes of Age	688	(4)
16 EASTERN TRADITIONS	692	(14)
Timechart	692	(1)
Oing-dynasty China	693	(2)
IN CONTEXT Wanh Huing and Others, Portrait of An Qi: Painters and Patrons under the Qing Dynasty	695	(3)
Architecture and the Decorative Arts	696	(2)
Japan in the Edo Period	698	(6)
Hokusai and Hiroshige	701	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Hokusai and Frank Lloyd Wright on the Japanese Print	704	(2)
17 IMPRESSIONISM TO POST-IMPRESSIONISM	706	(34)
Timechart	706	(1)
Impressionism	707	(4)
Monet	710	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Laforgue on Impressionism	711	(3)
Morisot, Renoir and Manet	711	(3)
IN CONTEXT Degas and Manet: City Lights and the Exploitation of Women	714	(4)
Degas	716	(2)
Japonisme	718	(3)
Neo-Impressionism	721	(2)
Seurat, Divisionism and Socialism	722	(1)
Symbolism	723	(6)
Gaugin and Van Gogh	724	(3)
Allegories of Modern Life: Munch and Rodin	727	(2)
Art Nouveau and the New Architecture	729	(3)
Sullivan and the Skyscraper	731	(1)
IN CONTEXT The Crystal Palace and the Statue of Liberty: Metal and New Building Methods	732	(3)
Domestic Architecture	734	(1)
Cezanne	735	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Cezanne to Emile Bernard	736	(4)
18 INDIGENOUS ARTS OF AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA	740	(32)
Timechart	740	(1)
Oceania	741	(4)
Polynesia	742	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Captain Cook and the Arts of the Pacific	745	(5)
Melanesia and Micronesia	748	(2)
Australia	750	(2)
The American North-West	752	(2)
IN CONTEXT A Shaman's Mask: Art and Magic	754	(2)
The Plains and the Arid Lands of North America	756	(2)
Africa	758	(4)
IN CONTEXT Palace Doors from Ikere: African Images of Europeans	762	(10)
PART FIVE TWENTIETH-CENTURY ART	772	(116)
19 ART FROM 1900 To 1919	772	(29)
Timechart	772	(4)
New Ways of Looking	773	(3)
IN CONTEXT Picasso's Demoiselles: Anarchism, Colonialism and Art as Exorcism	776	(2)
The Fauves and Expressionism	778	(2)
Matisse	779	(1)
The German Expressionists	780	(4)
Kandinsky	783	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Kandinsky on Color	784	(2)
Marc	785	(1)
Cubism	786	(3)
Picasso and Braque: Analytical and Synthetic Cubism	786	(3)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Braque and Picasso on Cubism	789	(5)
Orphic Cubism	793	(1)
Futurism	794	(3)
Abstract or Non-objective Art	797	(2)
Suprematism and the Founding of De Stijl	797	(2)
Architecture	799	(2)
Frank Lloyd Wright	799	(2)
20 BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS	801	(33)
Timechart	801	(1)
Dada and Surrealism	801	(5)
Duchamp	803	(3)
America and the Precisionist View	806	(4)
Diego Rivera and the Mexican Muralists	808	(1)
Breton, de Chirico and Ernst	809	(1)
IN CONTEXT Orozco, Rivera and Siqueiros: Art and Politics	810	(2)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Louis Aragon, Max Ernst and Others Issue a Surrealist Declaration	812	(4)
Dali, Magritte and Miro	813	(3)
Welded Metal: A Revolution in Sculpture	816	(2)
Photography and Modern Movements	818	(3)
Constructivism, De Stijl and the International Style	821	(2)
Art and Revolution	821	(2)
The Bauhaus	823	(1)
SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS Walter Gropius on the Bauhaus	823	(5)
Mondrian	825	(2)
Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe	827	(1)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT Cities of the Future: Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright	828	(3)
Brancusi and Moore	831	(1)
Art Deco	832	(2)
21 POST-WAR TO POST-MODERN	834	(28)
Timechart	834	(1)
Abstract Expressionism	835	(2)
Pollock and de Kooning	837	(2)
Still, Rothko and Neuman	839	(3)
European Survivors	842	(1)
Post-Painterly Abstraction	843	(1)
Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg	844	(1)
CONCEPTS Modernism and Formalism	845	(1)
Pop Art	846	(3)
Photographic Imagery	849	(1)
Minimal and Conceptual Art	850	(2)
Earth and Land Art	852	(2)
Photo-Realism and New Image Painting	854	(2)
Body Art and Process Art	856	(1)
Modernism and Post-Modernism	857	(5)
22 TOWARDS THE THIRD MILLENNIUM	862	(26)
Timechart	862	(2)
Questioning Modernism	864	(5)
Neo-Expressionism	869	(5)
Art as Identity	874	(6)
Post-Modern Multiculturalism	880	(7)
Video Art	887	(1)
Glossary	888	(13)
For Further Reading	901	(9)
Acknowledgements	910	(2)
Index	912
MAPS
Prehistoric Europe and the Near East	35
The Ancient Near and Middle East	51
Ancient Egypt	62
The ancient Aegean	77
Ancient China	85
Ancient Asia Minor	91
Ancient Mesoamerica	119
Ancient Peru	122
Ancient Greece	127
Etruscan and Roman Italy	175
India	227
South-East Asia	252
The Byzantine World	315
The Islamic World	342
Western Europe and the Middle Ages	366
Renaissance Italy	424
Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica	515
Africa	525
Japan	563
Oceania	741