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Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Introduction
Expansion of Knowledge in the Field of Voice
Goal of the Book
Organization of the Book
Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory and Laryngeal Systems
Respiratory System
Tracheobronchial Tree
Phonatory System
Functions of the Larynx
Anatomy and Physiology of the Laryngeal System
True Vocal Folds
Layers of the Vocal Folds
Cover-Body Model of the Vocal Folds
Glottis
Muscles of the Larynx
Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory
Resonance
Nervous System Control of the Larynx
Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Pathways
Cerebellum
Subcortical Areas
Cranial Nerves
Reflexes
Vocal Registers
Modal Register
Pulse Register
Loft Register
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 2 Lifespan Changes in the Respiratory and Phonatory Systems
Development and Maturation of Speech Breathing
Structure and Function of the Larynx in Infancy and Childhood
Position in Neck
Cartilages
Vocal Folds
Acoustic Characteristics of Infant Vocalizations
Childhood
Puberty
The Adult Voice
The Aging Voice
Structural Changes
Acoustic Effects
Perceptual Findings
Health Status and Age-Related Vocal Diseases
Presbyphonia
Clinical Implications
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 3 Considerations in Voice Treatment
Normal Voice
Terminology
Perceptual Terms
Acoustic Terms
Causes of Voice Disorders
Team Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Voice Disorders
Prevention of Voice Disorders
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)
Effects of Medications on the Voice
Multicultural Factors in Clinical Management of Voice Disorders
Evidence-Based Practice
Treatment Efficacy
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 4 Diagnosis and Evaluation of Voice Disorders
Components of the Evaluation Process
Case History
Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation
Instrumental Measures
Acoustic Analysis
Electroglottography
Aerodynamic Measures
Laryngeal Electromyography
The Diagnostic Report
Summary
Review Questions
Appendix 1 Preferred Practice Patterns for the Profession of Speech-Language Pathology
Appendix 2 Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V)
Chapter 5 Clinical Management
Behavioral Voice Therapy Techniques
Indirect Approaches
Direct Approaches
Holistic Approaches
Patient Compliance
Motivational Interviewing
Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Treatment of Children
Phonosurgery
Thyroplasty
Arytenoid Adduction/Arytenopexy
Airway Widening Procedures
Laser Microsurgery
Injection Laryngoplasty/Vocal Fold Augmentation
Botox Injection
Larngeal Reinnervation
Summary
Review Questions
Appendix 1 The Use of Voice Therapy in the Treatment of Dysphonia
Chapter 6 Inflammatory Conditions of the Larynx
Wound Healing
Inflammation
Extracellular Matrix Proliferation
Remodeling
Vocal Fold Scar
Sulcus Vocalis
Symptoms and Signs of Vocal Fold Scar and Sulcus Vocalis
Treatment
Laryngitis
Acute Laryngitis
Chronic Laryngitis
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Relapsing Polychondritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 7 Structural Lesions of the Larynx
Laryngomalacia
Cause
Symptoms
Evaluation and Treatment
Subglottic Stenosis
Symptoms
Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
Acquired Subglottic Stenosis
Evaluation
Surgical Treatment
Laryngeal Web/Glottic Stenosis
Congenital Webs
Acquired Laryngeal Webs
Posterior Glottic Stenosis
Treatment
Laryngoceles and Laryngeal Cysts
Laryngoceles
Laryngeal Cysts
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Cause
HPV Subtypes Associated with RRP
Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Adult Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Treatment
Summary
Review Questions
Preparing for the Praxis
Case Study 7.1
Chapter 8 Benign Lesions of the Vocal Fold Mucosa and Vocal Fatigue Associated with Lifestyle, Personality, and Occupational Factors
Nodules
Histology
Age and Personality Factors
Symptoms
Evaluation and Treatment
Polyps
Histology
Reinke’s Edema
Symptoms
Treatment
Leukoplakia
Treatment
Contact Ulcers and Granulomas
Causes
Symptoms
Evaluation and Treatment
Vascular Lesions of the Vocal Folds
Causes
Symptoms
Evaluation and Treatment
Vocal Fatigue
Central Fatigue
Peripheral Fatigue
Recovery
Fatigue and Phonation Threshold Pressure
Occupational Voice Users
Occupational Risk Factors
Symptoms
Student Teachers
Vocational and Social Effects
Prevention and Treatment
Summary
Review Questions
Preparing for the Praxis
Case Study 8.1
Case Study 8.2
Chapter 9 Movement Disorders
Flaccid Dysarthria
Vocal Fold Paresis
Vocal Fold Paralysis
Myasthenia Gravis
Spastic Dysarthria
Symptoms
Treatment
Ataxic Dysarthria
Symptoms
Treatment
Hypokinetic Dysarthria
Symptoms
Staging of PD
Treatment
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
Chorea
Dystonia
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Essential Tremor
Mixed Dysarthrias
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Summary
Review Questions
Preparing for the Praxis
Case Study 9.1
Case Study 9.2
Case Study 9.3
Chapter 10 Voice Disorders Related to Self and Identity
Symptoms and Features of Voice Disorders Related to Self and Identity
Psychiatric Caseness in Patients with Voice Disorders
Stress
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Symptoms
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Voice Therapy
Conversion Disorders
Characteristics of Conversion Disorders
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Voice Therapy
Functional Dysphonia
Evaluation and Treatment
Mutational Falsetto
Evaluation
Treatment
Transgender Voice
Sex Reassignment Surgery
Evaluation
Treatment
Client Satisfaction
Summary
Review Questions
Preparing for the Praxis
Case Study 10.1
Case Study 10.2
Chapter 11 Disorders Related to Airway Problems and Respiration
Dyspnea
Evaluation of Dyspnea
Stridor
Causes
Evaluation
Pulmonary Function Testing
Asthma
Evaluation and Treatment
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion
Symptoms
Causes
Links between PVFM, Asthma, and GERD
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Treatment
Chronic Cough
Causes of Chronic Cough
Symptoms and Associated Findings
Complications of CC
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Quantifying Cough
Treatment
Summary
Review Questions
Preparing for the Praxis
Case Study 11.1
Chapter 12 Laryngeal Cancer
Laryngeal Cancer Evaluation and Staging
Risk Factors for Laryngeal Cancer
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Multidisciplinary Approach
Medical Treatment
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Surgical Options for Laryngeal Cancer
Resection
Vertical Partial Laryngectomy
Supraglottic Laryngectomy
Supracricoid Laryngectomy
Near Total Laryngectomy
Total Laryngectomy
Voice Restoration
Artificial Larynx
Esophageal Speech
Tracheoesophageal Speech
General Considerations for Voice Restoration
Summary
Review Questions
Appendix 1 Roles and Responsibilities of Speech-Language Pathologists with Respect to Evaluation and Treatment for Tracheoesophageal Puncture and Prosthesis
Preparing for the Praxis
Case Study 12.1
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
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