Voices of the American Past Documents in U.S. History, Volume I: to 1877

by Hyser, Raymond M.; Arndt, J. Chris

• ISBN13: 9780534643003
• ISBN10: 0534643000
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-06-15
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

VOICES OF THE AMERICAN PAST is a two-volume reader that presents a variety of diverse perspectives through more than 230 primary sources. Excerpts from speeches, letters, journals, political cartoons, magazine articles, hearings and government documents raise issues from both public and private aspects of American life throughout history. A "Guide to Reading and Interpreting Documents" in the front matter explains how and why historians use primary source evidence, and outlines basic points to help students learn to analyze sources. Brief headnotes set each source into context. "Questions to Consider" precede each document, offering prompts for critical thinking and reflection. The volumes are organized chronologically into 31 chapters, with the Reconstruction chapter overlapping in both volumes -- corresponding to the splits of most survey texts. In this new Third Edition, the selection of new documents was guided by the editors' desire to provide greater diversity of voices while also offering readable selections that speak to larger issues. This edition offers well known primary sources such as Federalist 10 and President Eisenhower's farewell address, as well as Cotton Mather's admonitions on the evils of "self-pollution," a woman's description of the southern homefront during the Civil War, John Muir's essay on American forests, and recent East Asian immigrant's description of life in America. The most significant change, however, is the addition of visual images, taking the text beyond the use of documents traditionally found in other readers.

Table of Contents

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION	xvii
A GUIDE TO READING AND INTERPRETING DOCUMENTS AND IMAGES	x
CHAPTER 1 Diverse Beginnings	1	(16)
1 The Spanish Letter of Columbus to Luis Sant' Angel (1493)	1	(2)
2 Images of 16th-Century Native American Life	3	(2)
3 Jesuit Comparison of French and Native Life (1657-58)	5	(2)
4 Captain John Smith Describes the Founding of Jamestown (1607)	7	(3)
5 "General Considerations for the Plantation in New England" (1629)	10	(1)
6 William Bradford on Sickness among the Natives (1633)	11	(2)
7 "Captivity Account" of Mary Rowlandson (1675)	13	(1)
8 The Pueblo Revolt (1680)	14	(3)
CHAPTER 2 Emerging Colonial Societies	17	(17)
9 Images of 17th-Century European and Native American Combat	17	(2)
10 A Treaty between the Five Nations and the New England Colonies (1689)	19	(2)
11 Petition of an Accused Witch (1692)	21	(2)
12 "Pennsylvania, the Poor Man's Paradise" (1698)	23	(2)
13 Of the Servants and Slaves in Virginia (1705)	25	(3)
14 Cotton Mather on the Evils of "Self-Pollution" (1723)	28	(2)
15 Early New Orleans (c. 1728)	30	(1)
16 Eliza Lucas, a Modern Woman (1741-42)	31	(3)
CHAPTER 3 Towards an American Identity	34	(15)
17 Navigation Act of 1660	34	(3)
18 Two Views of Early Merchant Capitalism	37	(1)
19 "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" (1741)	38	(3)
20 Pennsylvania Assembly Comments on German Immigration (1755)	41	(1)
21 Edmund Burke on British Motives in the Seven Years' War (1762)	42	(2)
22 "The Pontiac Manuscript" (1763)	44	(2)
23 "What is an American?" (1770)	46	(3)
CHAPTER 4 Coming of the Revolution	49	(15)
24 John Locke on Political Society and Government (1689)	49	(2)
25 Cato's Letters (1721)	51	(2)
26 Stamp Act Riots (1765)	53	(2)
27 The Boston Massacre (1770)	55	(3)
28 Ann Hulton, Loyalist View of Colonial Unrest (1774)	58	(1)
29 A Loyalist Perspective of the Coming of the Revolution (1780)	59	(2)
30 Lord Chatham's Motion to Withdraw the Troops from Boston (1775)	61	(3)
CHAPTER 5 The War for Independence	64	(16)
31 Introduction to Common Sense (1776)	64	(2)
32 A Speech against Independence (1776)	66	(3)
33 German Doctor's Account of War and Surgery (1777)	69	(2)
34 Treaty of Alliance with France (1777)	71	(2)
35 The Battle of King's Mountain and Loyalism in the Carolinas (1780)	73	(2)
36 Women's Contributions to the War Effort (1780)	75	(3)
37 The Quock Walker Decision (1783)	78	(2)
CHAPTER 6 Toward a New Government	80	(19)
38 The Articles of Confederation (1777)	80	(3)
39 Failure of the Continental Congress (1786)	83	(2)
40 The Northwest Ordinance (1787)	85	(2)
41 Grievances of the Shays Rebels (1786)	87	(2)
42 Pennsylvania Dissent to the Ratification of the Constitution (1787)	89	(3)
43 Federalist Number 10 (1788)	92	(3)
44 Mercy Otis Warren and the New Constitution (1788)	95	(4)
CHAPTER 7 Defining the New Nation	99	(21)
45 Voting Qualifications in Virginia (1779)	99	(2)
46 How Revolutionary Was the American Revolution?	101	(1)
47 Benjamin Banneker to Thomas Jefferson, Blacks and Liberty in the New Nation (1791)	102	(3)
48 Alexander Hamilton Speaks in Favor of the National Bank (1791)	105	(4)
49 Opposing Views of the Whiskey Rebellion (1794)	109	(3)
50 George Washington's "Farewell Address" (1796)	112	(2)
51 The Virginia Resolutions (1798)	114	(3)
52 Marbury v. Madison (1803)	117	(3)
CHAPTER 8 The New Nation and Its Place in the World	120	(17)
53 Jefferson's Instructions to Robert Livingston, Minister to France (1802)	120	(2)
54 Heading West with Lewis and Clark (1804)	122	(2)
55 A Frontier View of the Chesapeake Affair (1807)	124	(3)
56 Tecumseh on White Encroachment (1810)	127	(2)
57 Dolley Madison on British Invasion of Washington (1814)	129	(2)
58 Resolutions of the Hartford Convention (1815)	131	(2)
59 Tennessee Expansionists on the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)	133	(1)
60 The Monroe Doctrine (1823)	134	(3)
CHAPTER 9 The Democratic Republic	137	(21)
61 Richmond Enquirer on McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	137	(3)
62 Fanny Wright on Equality (1830)	140	(2)
63 Daniel Webster's Second Reply to Robert Y. Hayne (1830)	142	(2)
64 South Carolina Nullifies the Tariff (1832)	144	(1)
65 The American System (1832)	145	(3)
66 Andrew Jackson's Bank Veto Message (1832)	148	(2)
67 Opposing Perspectives of the Jackson Presidency	150	(2)
68 The Cherokee Phoenix on Georgia Policy toward the Cherokee (1832)	152	(1)
69 Commentary on Elections in Jacksonian America (1832)	153	(2)
70 "Spirit of Jacksonism" (1832)	155	(3)
CHAPTER 10 Diversifying Society and Economy	158	(19)
71 Description of a Conversion Experience at Cane Ridge, KY (1801)	158	(2)
72 Promoting the Erie Canal (1818)	160	(3)
73 Charles G. Finney Describes the Rochester Revival (1830-31)	163	(2)
74 "Americans on the Move" (1835)	165	(2)
75 A Optimistic View of the Promise of the Marketplace	167	(1)
76 American Mania for Railroads (1834)	168	(2)
77 Urban Riots (1835)	170	(2)
78 Women Workers Protest "Lowell Wage Slavery" (1847)	172	(2)
79 "On Irish Emigration" (1852)	174	(3)
CHAPTER 11 Social Reform	177	(16)
80 "Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World" (1829)	177	(3)
81 William Lloyd Garrison on Slavery (1831)	180	(2)
82 Horace Mann on Educational Reform (1840)	182	(2)
83 Lyman Beecher on Intemperance (1825)	184	(2)
84 Sarah Grimke Argues for Gender Equality (1837)	186	(3)
85 "Declaration of Sentiments," Seneca Falls Convention (1848)	189	(4)
CHAPTER 12 Manifest Destiny and American Expansion	193	(18)
86 Mid-19th-Century Images of Race and Nation	193	(2)
87 Texas and California Annexation (1845)	195	(3)
88 American Description of Mexican Women in Santa Fe (1845)	198	(2)
89 Mob Violence against Mormons (1846)	200	(2)
90 Mexican View of U.S. Occupation (1847)	202	(2)
91 San Francisco and the California Gold Rush (1848)	204	(2)
92 "Civil Disobedience" (1849)	206	(2)
93 A Chinese American at Yale (1850)	208	(3)
CHAPTER 13 Slavery and the Old South	211	(20)
94 Olaudah Equiano Describes the "Middle Passage" (1789)	211	(2)
95 Perspectives on Slavery	213	(2)
96 The Trial of Denmark Vesey (1822)	215	(2)
97 The Alabama Frontier (1821)	217	(2)
98 A Reaction to the Nat Turner Revolt (1831)	219	(2)
99 The Plantation Labor Force (1838-39)	221	(2)
100 Martin Delany and African-American Nationalism (1852)	223	(2)
101 A Slave Describes Sugar Cultivation (1853)	225	(2)
102 A Defense of Southern Society (1854)	227	(2)
103 The Southern Yeomen (1860)	229	(2)
CHAPTER 14 Origins of the Civil War	231	(19)
104 An African American Minister Responds to the Fugitive Slave Law (1851)	231	(2)
105 Southern Review of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)	233	(1)
106 Charles Sumner on "Bleeding Kansas" (1856)	234	(3)
107 Chicago Tribune on the Dred Scott v. Sanford Decision (1857)	237	(2)
108 The Freeport Doctrine	239	(2)
109 Cartoonists Depict the Issues of the Day	241	(2)
110 Republican Party Platform (1860)	243	(3)
111 Inaugural Address of South Carolina Governor Francis Pickens (1860)	246	(4)
CHAPTER 15 The Civil War	250	(17)
112 Mary Boykin Chesnut, the Attack on Fort Sumter (1861)	250	(2)
113 "A War to Preserve the Union" (1861)	252	(2)
114 Jefferson Davis Responds to the Emancipation Proclamation (1862)	254	(2)
115 New York City Draft Riots (1863)	256	(2)
116 African-American Troops in Combat (1863)	258	(1)
117 The Southern Homefront (1863)	259	(3)
118 General William T. Sherman on War (1864)	262	(2)
119 Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (1865)	264	(3)
CHAPTER 16 Reconstruction	267
120 A Northern Teacher's View of the Freedmen (1863-65)	267	(3)
121 Charleston, South Carolina at the Conclusion of the Civil War (1865)	270	(2)
122 African Americans Seek Protection (1865)	272	(2)
123 Thaddeus Stevens on Reconstruction and the South (1865)	274	(2)
124 A White Southern Perspective on Reconstruction (1868)	276	(3)
125 The Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction (1872)	279	(4)
126 "The Problem at the South" (1871)	283	(3)
127 African American Suffrage in the South (1867, 1876)	286