Voices of the Matriarchs Listening to the Prayers of Early Modern Jewish Women

by Weissler, Chava

• ISBN13: 9780807036174
• ISBN10: 080703617X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-10
• Publisher: Beacon Press

Summary

The first comprehensive study of the religious lives of central and eastern European Jewish women Most studies of Judaism focus on sources produced by and for learned men--the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the Midrash, legal codes, and works of medieval philosophy, mysticism, and Hasidism. All these texts were written in Hebrew--a language seventeenth- through nineteenth-century Jewish women were not given the opportunity to learn. With Voices of the Matriarchs, Chava Weissler restores balance to our knowledge of Judaism by providing the first look at non-Hebrew Jewish source materials: the vernacular women's devotional prayers called tkhines. In Weissler's hands, these Yiddish prayers open a window into early modern Ashkenazic (European) women's lives, beliefs, devotion, and relationships with God. Weissler examines the influence of these vernacular prayers on the construction of gender in Ashkenazic Judaism, investigates the writings of the remarkable female tkhine authors Leah Horowitzand Sarah bas Tovim and their interpretations of the religious lives of women, and traces the extent to which Ashkenazic women participated in the popularization of abstruse mystical teachings that became the basis for mass religious movements. Finally, she analyzes the changes the tkhines underwent in the New World, finding an "Americanization" of the prayers that reflects the radically different cultural expectations middle and eastern European Jews encountered there.

Author Biography

Chava Weissler is associate professor of religion studies at Lehigh University, where she holds the Philip and Muriel Berman Chair of Jewish Civilization. She lives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Table of Contents

Preface
A Note on Translation and Romanization
Introduction: Jewish Spirituality in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
The Tkhines, Religious Literature in Yiddish, and the Construction of Gender in Ashkenazic Judaism
The Tkhines: An Introduction	p. 3
Studying Women's Religion	p. 36
The Construction of Gender in Yiddish Devotional Literature	p. 51
Mitsvot Built into the Body: Tkhines for Niddah, Pregnancy, and Childbirth	p. 66
Women in Paradise	p. 76
The Tkhines and Mystical Spirituality
Kabbalistic Candle Lighting	p. 89
Tears for the Shekhinah	p. 104
Candles for the Dead	p. 126
Bringing the Tkhines Home
American Transformations of the Tkhines	p. 149
The Feminist Scholar and the Tkhines	p. 172
Epilogue: The Sixth Relation	p. 187
Notes	p. 189
Acknowledgments	p. 259
Index	p. 263
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