Voyages Through the Universe With Infotrac

by Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolff, Sidney

• ISBN13: 9780534409050
• ISBN10: 0534409059
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-28
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

VOYAGES THROUGH THE UNIVERSE provides students and professors with the ideal combination of authors and experience. It is written by an award-winning astronomy educator (Fraknoi) and two distinguished research scientists (Morrison at NASA and Wolff at NOAO). This author team combines the latest science with classroom-tested teaching strategies and a student-friendly approach. Through unique group activities and a focus on astronomy as a human endeavor, the authors engage and involve students, helping them both understand and enjoy astronomy. The market-leading technology package includes access to InfoTrac?College Edition (free!) and TheSky? Student Edition CD-ROM (free!), as well as an optional package with the RedShift? College Edition CD-ROM (including animations) along with an accompanying workbook.

Table of Contents

Prologue: Science and the Universe: A Brief Tour	1	(1)
The Nature of Astronomy	2	(2)
The Nature of Science	4	(1)
The Laws of Nature	5	(1)
Numbers in Astronomy	5	(1)
Light Years	6	(1)
Consequences of Light Travel Time	6	(1)
A Tour of the Universe	7	(6)
The Universe on the Large Scale	13	(1)
The Universe of the Very Small	14	(1)
A Conclusion and a Beginning	15	(4)
Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy	19	(24)
The Sky Above	20	(5)
Ancient Astronomy	25	(6)
Astrology and Astronomy	31	(1)
The Birth of Modern Astronomy	32	(11)
Astronomy Basics What's Your Angle?	22	(11)
Making Connections Testing Astrology	33	(5)
Seeing for Yourself Observing the Planets	38	(5)
Orbits and Gravity	43	(18)
The Laws of Planetary Motion	44	(3)
Newton's Great Synthesis	47	(2)
Universal Gravity	49	(2)
Orbits in the Solar System	51	(2)
Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft	53	(2)
Gravity with More Than Two Bodies	55	(6)
Making Connections Astronomy and the Poets	52	(9)
Earth, Moon, and Sky	61	(24)
Earth and Sky	62	(1)
The Seasons	63	(4)
Keeping Time	67	(2)
The Calendar	69	(2)
Phases and Motions of the Moon	71	(3)
Ocean Tides and the Moon	74	(3)
Eclipses of the Sun and Moon	77	(8)
Making Connections Astronomy and the Days of the Week	73	(3)
Voyagers in Astronomy George Darwin and the Slowing of the Earth	76	(4)
Seeing for Yourself How to Observe Solar Eclipses	80	(5)
Radiation and Spectra	85	(24)
The Nature of Light	86	(3)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum	89	(5)
Spectroscopy in Astronomy	94	(3)
The Structure of the Atom	97	(3)
Formation of Spectral Lines	100	(3)
The Doppler Effect	103	(6)
Making Connections The Rainbow	95	(14)
Astronomical Instruments	109	(26)
Telescopes	110	(4)
Telescopes Today	114	(5)
Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments	119	(1)
Radio Telescopes	120	(5)
Observations Outside the Earth's Atmosphere	125	(3)
The Future of Large Telescopes	128	(7)
Astronomy Basics How Astronomers Really Use Telescopes	118	(3)
Voyagers in Astronomy George Ellery Hale: Master Telescope Builder	121	(5)
Making Connections Choosing Your Own Telescope	126	(9)
Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System	135	(18)
Overview of Our Planetary System	136	(4)
Composition and Structure of Planets	140	(4)
Dating Planetary Surfaces	144	(2)
Origin of the Solar System	146	(7)
Making Connections Names in the Solar System	141	(2)
Astronomy Basics There's No Place Like Home	143	(5)
Voyagers in Astronomy Carl Sagan: Solar System Advocate	148	(5)
Earth as a Planet	153	(22)
The Global Perspective	154	(2)
The Crust of the Earth	156	(5)
The Earth's Atmosphere	161	(2)
Life and Chemical Evolution	163	(4)
Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth	167	(8)
Voyagers in Astronomy Alfred Wegener: Catching the Drift of Plate Tectonics	158	(17)
Cratered Worlds: The Moon and Mercury	175	(20)
General Properties of the Moon	176	(3)
The Lunar Surface	179	(2)
Impact Craters	181	(4)
The Origin of the Moon	185	(1)
Mercury	186	(9)
Seeing for Yourself Observing the Moon	183	(6)
Making Connections What a Difference a Day Makes	189	(6)
Earth-Like Planets: Venus and Mars	195	(28)
The Nearest Planets: An Overview	196	(3)
The Geology of Venus	199	(3)
The Massive Atmosphere of Venus	202	(2)
The Geology of Mars	204	(6)
Martian Polar Caps and Climate	210	(7)
Divergent Planetary Evolution	217	(6)
Voyagers in Astronomy Percival Lowell: Dreaming of an Inhabited Mars	197	(17)
Making Connections Astronomy and Pseudoscience: The ``Face on Mars''	214	(2)
Making Connections Planetary Protection	216	(7)
The Giant Planets	223	(20)
Exploring the Outer Planets	224	(3)
The Jovian Planets	227	(4)
Atmospheres of the Giant Planets	231	(12)
Making Connections Engineering and Space Science: Teaching an Old Spacecraft New Tricks	227	(5)
Voyagers in Astronomy James Van Allen: Several Planets Under his Belt	232	(11)
Rings, Moons, and Pluto	243	(24)
Ring and Satellite Systems	244	(1)
The Galilean Satellites and Titan	245	(9)
Triton and Pluto	254	(4)
Planetary Rings	258	(9)
Voyagers in Astronomy Clyde Tombaugh: From the Farm to Fame	257	(10)
Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System	267	(22)
Asteroids	268	(3)
Asteroids Far and Near	271	(4)
The ``Long-Haired'' Comets	275	(5)
Origin and Evolution of Comets and Their Kin	280	(9)
Voyagers in Astronomy Edmund Halley: Astronomy's Renaissance Man	276	(6)
Making Connections Comet Hunting as a Hobby	282	(7)
Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System	289	(22)
Meteors	290	(2)
Meteorites: Stones from Heaven	292	(5)
Formation of the Solar System	297	(3)
Comparison with Other Planetary Systems	300	(3)
Planetary Evolution	303	(3)
Conclusion	306	(5)
Making Connections Some Striking Meteorites	294
Seeing for Yourself Showering with the Stars	293	(18)
The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star	311	(26)
The Visible Sun	312	(5)
The Changing Sun	317	(5)
Activity Above the Photosphere	322	(4)
Is the Sun a Variable Star?	326	(11)
Making Connections Space Weather	324
Voyagers in Astronomy Art Walker: Doing Astronomy in Space	318	(12)
Seeing for Yourself Observing the Sun	330	(7)
The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse	337	(20)
Thermal and Gravitational Energy	338	(2)
Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity	340	(6)
The Interior of the Sun: Theory	346	(4)
The Solar Interior: The Observations	350	(7)
Astronomy Basics What's Watt?	338	(6)
Making Connections Fusion on Earth	344
Voyagers in Astronomy Albert Einstein	340	(17)
Analyzing Starlight	357	(18)
The Brightness of Stars	358	(3)
Colors of Stars	361	(1)
The Spectra of Stars	362	(4)
Spectroscopy: The Key to the Universe	366	(9)
Voyagers in Astronomy Annie Cannon: Classifier of the Stars	365	(3)
Making Connections Astronomy and Philanthropy	368	(7)
The Stars: A Celestial Census	375	(22)
A Stellar Census	376	(2)
Measuring Stellar Masses	378	(4)
Diameters of Stars	382	(3)
The H-R Diagram	385	(12)
Making Connections Astronomy and Mythology: Algol the Demon Star and Perseus the Hero	384	(3)
Voyagers in Astronomy Henry Norris Russell	387	(10)
Celestial Distances	397	(20)
Fundamental Units of Distance	398	(1)
Surveying the Stars	399	(4)
Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances	403	(6)
The H-R Diagram and Cosmic Distances	409	(8)
Astronomy Basics Naming Stars	402	(2)
Making Connections Parallax and Space Astronomy	404	(2)
Voyagers in Astronomy John Goodricke	406	(11)
Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space	417	(22)
The Interstellar Medium	418	(1)
Interstellar Gas	419	(5)
Cosmic Dust	424	(6)
Cosmic Rays	430	(1)
Recycling Cosmic Material	431	(8)
Astronomy Basics Naming the Nebulae	419	(5)
Making Connections Cocktails in Space	424	(1)
Voyagers in Astronomy Edward Emerson Barnard	425	(14)
The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets Outside the Solar System	439	(26)
Star Formation	440	(6)
The H-R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution	446	(4)
Evidence That Planets Form Around Other Stars	450	(3)
Planets Beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery	453	(12)
Stars: From Adolescence to Old Age	465	(24)
Evolution from the Main Sequence to Giants	466	(3)
Star Clusters	469	(2)
Checking Out the Theory	471	(4)
Further Evolution of Stars	475	(2)
The Evolution of More Massive Stars	477	(12)
Astronomy Basics Stars in Your Little Finger	475	(5)
Making Connections The Red Giant Sun and the Fate of the Earth	480	(9)
The Death of Stars	489	(24)
The Death of Low-Mass Stars	490	(3)
Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish	493	(5)
Supernova Observations	498	(4)
Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars	502	(3)
The Evolution of Binary Star Systems	505	(8)
Voyagers in Astronomy Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	491	(5)
Making Connections Supernovae in History	496	(9)
Making Connections Touched by a Neutron Star	505	(8)
Black Holes and Curved Spacetime	513	(22)
The Principle of Equivalence	514	(2)
Spacetime and Gravity	516	(2)
Tests of General Relativity	518	(2)
Time in General Relativity	520	(1)
Black Holes	521	(5)
Evidence for Black Holes	526	(2)
Gravitational Wave Astronomy	528	(7)
Making Connections Gravity and Time Machines	524	(11)
The Milky Way Galaxy	535	(24)
The Architecture of the Galaxy	536	(6)
Spiral Structure	542	(1)
The Mass of the Galaxy	543	(2)
The Center of the Galaxy	545	(2)
Stellar Populations in the Galaxy	547	(2)
The Formation of the Galaxy	549	(10)
Voyagers in Astronomy Harlow Shapley: Mapmaker to the Stars	540	(19)
Galaxies	559	(22)
The Great Nebula Debate	560	(1)
Types of Galaxies	561	(5)
Properties of Galaxies	566	(2)
The Extragalactic Distance Scale	568	(3)
The Expanding Universe	571	(10)
Astronomy Basics Constants of Proportionality	573
Voyagers in Astronomy Edwin Hubble: Expanding the Universe	561	(20)
Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Giant Black Holes	581	(24)
The Quasars	582	(3)
Active Galaxies	585	(3)
Black Holes at the Centers of Galaxies	588	(6)
Quasars as Probes of Evolution of the Universe	594	(11)
Making Connections Quasars and the Attitudes of Astronomers	594	(11)
INTERLUDE: The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts	605	(131)
From A Few Bursts to a Thousand	606	(1)
Getting Resolution	606	(1)
The First Observations	607	(2)
Networking to Catch More Bursts	609	(1)
To Beam or Not to Beam	609	(1)
The Source of the Energy	610	(3)
The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies	613	(28)
Observations of Distant Galaxies	614	(4)
The Evolution of Galaxies	618	(5)
The Distribution of Galaxies in Space	623	(8)
The Formation of Structure in the Universe	631	(1)
A Universe of (Mostly) Dark Matter?	632	(9)
Astronomy Basics Why Galaxies Collide and Stars Rarely Do	618	(10)
Voyagers in Astronomy Margaret Geller: Cosmic Surveyor	628	(1)
Making Connections Astronomy and Technology: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey	629	(12)
The Big Bang	641	(32)
The Age of the Universe	642	(4)
A Model of the Universe	646	(5)
The Beginning of the Universe	651	(4)
The Cosmic Background Radiation	655	(4)
What is the Universe Really Made of?	659	(4)
The Inflationary Universe	663	(3)
The Anthropic Principle	666	(7)
Making Connections What Might It Be Like in the Distant Future?	649	(24)
Life in the Universe	673	(63)
The Cosmic Context for Life	674	(2)
Astrobiology	676	(6)
Searching for Life Beyond Earth	682	(4)
The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence	686	(12)
Voyagers in Astronomy Jill Tarter: Trying to Make Contact	692	(6)
APPENDICES
1 Astronomy on the World Wide Web	698	(3)
2 Sources of Astronomical Information	701	(1)
3 Glossary	702	(12)
4 Powers-of-Ten Notation	714	(2)
5 Units Used in Science	716	(1)
6 Some Useful Constants for Astronomy	717	(1)
7 Physical and Orbital Data for the Planets	718	(1)
8 Selected Satellites of the Planets	719	(2)
9 Upcoming (Total) Eclipses	721	(1)
10 The Nearest Stars	722	(2)
11 The Brightest Stars	724	(1)
12 The Brightest Members of the Local Group of Galaxies	725	(2)
13 The Chemical Elements	727	(3)
14 The Constellations	730	(3)
15 The Messier Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters	733	(3)
Credits	736	(3)
Index	739	(16)
Star Maps	755