War and Ethnicity

by Turton, David

• ISBN13: 9781878822826
• ISBN10: 1878822829
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-06-01
• Publisher: Univ of Rochester Pr

Summary

Studies examine the causes of internal war, the techniques used by nationalist politicians and intellectuals to turn ethnicity into a powerful political resource, the response of the UN and of non-governmental agencies to such political emergencies as those in former Yugoslavia and Somalia, and the constitutional strategies that can be used to acknowledge and accommodate ethnic diversity. The papers demonstrate that the relationship between ethnicity and war is not a simple matter of cause and effect: ethnic differences are not given in nature, ethnicity does not arise suddenly and spontaneously but only in specific historical circumstances. Only through the deliberate calculation of political elites does it become a lethal force in human affairs.Contributors: DAVID TURTON, TOM GALLAGHER, STEFAN TROEBST, THOMAS ZITELMAN, KLAUS JUERGEN GANTZEL, JAKOB ROSEL, HARRY GOULBOURNE, IAON LEWIS, MARK DUFFIELD, GIORGIO AUSENDA.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION: WAR AND ETHNICITY. The historical emergence of ethnicity. Ethnicity and nationalism. The power of ethnic symbols. Global connections and local violence. The international response. The chapters.	1	(46)
D. Turton
MY NEIGHBOUR, MY ENEMY: THE MANIPULATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY AND THE ORIGINS AND CONDUCT OF WAR IN YUGOSLAVIA. Yugoslavia 1945-91: the failure of conflict resolution. History as ethnic manipulation. Bosnia, Kosovo and the `historic rights' of Serbs and Croats. Collective and hereditary guilt. The nation as a collective individual. The revenge of the outsider. Tolerance in the midst of conflict. Conclusion.	47	(30)
T. Gallagher
AN ETHNIC WAR THAT DID NOT TAKE PLACE: MACEDONIA, ITS MINORITIES AND ITS NEIGHBOURS IN THE 1990s. Serbian aggression. Spillover of inter-ethnic war in Kosovo. Partition by neighbouring contries. `Re-Bulgarization.' Macedonian-Albanian conflict. Voluntary return to rump Yugoslavia. Conclusion.	77	(28)
S. Troebst
OROMO NATIONAL LIBERATION, ETHNICITY AND POLITICAL MYTHOMOTEURS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA. The Ethiopian setting. The discourse of ethnicity. Ethnicity in the regional context. Gada as a mythomoteur for political activism. Strangers and devils. Conclusion.	105	(18)
T. Zitelmann
WAR IN THE POST-WORLD WAR II WORLD: SOME EMPIRICAL TRENDS AND A THEORETICAL APPROACH. Empirical insights. Theoretical approach.	123	(22)
K. J. Gantzel
NATIONALISM AND ETHNICITY: ETHNIC NATIONALISM AND THE REGULATION OF ETHNIC CONFLICT. Nationalism: the liberal and the ethnic nation state. The two concepts of nation. Competition between the two concepts of nation. The political results of the two concepts of the nation. Ethnic conflicts and their solution. Ethnic conflicts and civil war. The regulation of ethnic conflict. Democracy as the prerequisite for the regulation of ethnic conflict	145	(18)
J. Rosel
ETHNIC MOBILIZATION, WAR AND MULTI-CULTURALISM. Ethnicity as a political currency. The General situation. Multi-culturalism and the restraint on conflict. Conclusion.	163	(16)
H. Goulbourne
CLAN CONFLICT AND ETHNICITY IN SOMALIA: HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN A STATELESS SOCIETY. Somalis and the world. The final descent into chaos. The deepening crisis. International intervention. From `Operation Restore Hope' to UNOSOM II. The wider political economy of conflict. International intervention in Somalia: retrospect and prospect. Conclusion.	179	(24)
I. M. Lewis
ETHNIC WAR AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: A BROAD PERSPECTIVE. The changing nature of humanitarian intervention. A shrinking resource base. The political economy of violence. The transformation of social relations. The cost of ethnic war. The response of NGOs to ethnic conflict. The new UN: the emergence of `negotiated access.' The limitations and achievements of `negotiated access.' The rise and fall of military humanitarianism. The growing sophistication of negotiated access. Issues in humanitarian intervention. The challenge of ethnic war.	203	(14)
M. Duffield
POSTSCRIPT: CURRENT ISSUES IN THE STUDY OF ETHNICITY, ETHNIC CONFLICT AND HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION, AND QUESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH.	217	(36)
G. Ausenda
PART 1: CURRENT ISSUES IN THE STUDY OF ETHNICITY AND ETHNIC CONFLICT. History of the term. Ethnicity and race. Ethnicity and caste. Ethnicity and class. Ethnicity and nationalism. The nature of ethnicity. Theories of ethnicity. Constructivism. Ethnicity and religion. Ethnicity and communication. Plural societies. Ethnicity and conflict. Globalization and ethnicity. Restraining violence: overarching and non-governmental organizations. Questions for future research.
PART 2: HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION. Complex emergencies. The background and development of humanitarian operations. The complex functioning of humanitarian operations. Objectionable and useless practices in humanitarian intervention. Organizational methodology for humanitarian operations. The future of humanitarian intervention and NGOs. Questions for future research.
INDEX	253