War, Hunger, and Displacement The Origins of Humanitarian Emergencies Volume 2: Case Studies

by Nafziger, E. Wayne; Stewart, Frances; Väyrynen, Raimo

• ISBN13: 9780198297406
• ISBN10: 0198297408
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-12-21
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Since the end of the cold war, the number of civil wars in developing countries has escalated to the point where they are the most significant source of human suffering in the world today. Although there are many political analyses of these emergencies, this two-volume work is the firstcomprehensive study of the economic, social, and political roots of humanitarian emergencies, identifying early measures to prevent such disasters. Nafziger, Stewart, and Vayrynen draw on a wide range of specialists on the political economy of war and on major conflicts to show the causes of conflict. The first volume provides a general overview of the nature and causes of the emergencies, including economic, political, and environmentalfactors. The second volume provides detailed case studies of thirteen conflicts (including Rwanda, Burundi, the Congo, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus) that originated in the weakness of the state or where economic factors predominate. The volumes emphasize the significance of protracted economicstagnation and decline, high and increasing inequality, government exclusion of distinct social groups, state failure and predatory rule. They debunk beliefs recurrent in the literature that emergencies are the result of deteriorating environmental conditions, structural adjustment, and deep-seatedethnic animosity. By analysing the causes and prevention of war and humanitarian emergencies in developing countries, this work outlines a less costly alternative to the present strategy of the world community of spending millions of dollars annually to provide mediation, relief, and rehabilitationafter the conflict occurs.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	xii
Notes on the Contributors	xiii
List of Tables	xvii
List of Figures	xix
Case Studies of Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: An Introduction	1	(22)
E. Wayne Nafziger
Frances Stewart
Raimo Vayrynen
Afghanistan: The Last Cold-War Conflict, the First Post-Cold-War Conflict	23	(30)
Barnett R. Rubin
Cambodia: Genocide, Autocracy, and the Overpoliticized State	53	(36)
Philippe Le Billon
Karen Bakker
Iraq: Economic Embargo and Predatory Rule	89	(30)
Abbas Alnasrawi
Burundi: The Long Sombre Shadow of Ethnic Instability	119	(40)
patrick D. Gaffney
Rwanda: The Social Roots of Genocide	159	(28)
Peter Uvin
Somalia: The Struggle for Resources	187	(44)
Juha Auvinen
Timo Kivimaki
Liberia and Sierra Leone: The Competition for Patronage in Resource-Rich Economies	231	(30)
William Reno
Congo (Zaire): Corruption, Disintegration, and State Failure	261	(34)
Kisangani N. F. Emizet
Kenya: Economic Decline and Ethnic Politics	295	(38)
Jeni Klugman
Haiti: Towards the Abyss? Poverty, Dependence, and Resource Depletion	333	(32)
Mats Lundahl
El Salvador: Economic Disparities, External Intervention, and Civil Conflict	365	(36)
Manuel Pastor
James K. Boyce
The South Caucasus: The Breakdown of the Soviet Empire	401	(36)
Raimo Vayrynen
Leila Alieva
Weak States and Humanitarian Emergencies: Failure, Predation, and Rent-Seeking	437	(44)
Raimo Vayrynen
Appendix. List of Conference Participants	481	(4)
Index	485