Warm Air Heating for Climate Control

by Cooper, William B.; Lee, Raymond E.; Quinlan, Raymond A. (CON)

• ISBN13: 9780136061045
• ISBN10: 0136061044
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1994-08-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This book forms a complete guide to the installation, maintenance, and service of gas, oil, and electric forced warm air heating systems.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Climate Control	1	(12)
Indoor Climate Control	1	(2)
Temperature	2	(1)
Thermometers	3	(1)
Pressures	3	(1)
Heat	4	(5)
Types of Heat	5	(2)
Specific Heat	7	(1)
Transfer of Heat	8	(1)
Humidity	9	(1)
Air	10	(1)
Water	10	(1)
Laws of Thermodynamics	11	(2)
Comfort	13	(10)
Conditions that Affect Comfort	13	(1)
Human Requirements for Comfort	13	(10)
Heat Transfer	14	(1)
Space	15	(1)
Temperature	16	(1)
Relative Humidity	16	(2)
Air Motion	18	(1)
Air Quality	19	(1)
Freedom from Disturbing Noise	20	(1)
Freedom from Disagreeable Odors	21	(2)
Estimating the Heating Load	23	(9)
Overview of Heating Loads	23	(1)
Typical Calculation	24	(5)
Determining Outside Design Temperature	24	(1)
Selecting Inside Design Temperature	24	(1)
Determining Design Temperature Difference	24	(1)
Determining Construction Numbers	25	(2)
Determining Heat Transfer Multipliers	27	(1)
Recording Construction Numbers	27	(1)
Determining Infiltration	27	(1)
Determining Duct-Loss Multiplier	27	(1)
Recording Exposed Areas	28	(1)
Multiplying Exposed Areas by HTM Factors	28	(1)
Computer Programs	29	(3)
Evaluating a Heating System	32	(23)
Diagnosing the Problem	32	(2)
Evaluating the System	34	(21)
Energy Source	34	(4)
Efficiency	38	(1)
Fans	38	(5)
Supply Air Distribution Systems	43	(5)
Return Air Distribution Systems	48	(2)
Provision for Cooling	50	(3)
Other Provisions	53	(2)
Installation Practice	55	(37)
Evaluating Construction and Installation	55	(19)
Building Construction	56	(3)
Furnance Installation	59	(15)
Venting	74	(15)
Temperatures of Various Furnaces	75	(1)
Masonry Venting	75	(1)
Type B Venting	75	(1)
Plastic Venting	76	(1)
Condensate Removal System	77	(1)
Condensate Neutralizer	78	(1)
Vent Sizing Categories	79	(3)
Vent Sizing Tables	82	(6)
Combustion Air	88	(1)
Codes	89	(3)
Combustion and Fuels	92	(23)
Combustion	92	(7)
Types of Combustion	93	(1)
Flue Gases	94	(1)
Heating Values	95	(1)
Losses and Efficiencies	96	(1)
Types of Flames	96	(3)
Fuels	99	(3)
Types and Properties of Gaseous Fuels	100	(1)
Types and Properties of Fuel Oils	101	(1)
Types and Properties of Coals	102	(1)
Efficiency of Operation	102	(1)
Instruments used in Testing	103	(4)
Testing Procedures	107	(2)
Draft Test	107	(1)
Carbon Dioxide Test	108	(1)
Stack Temperature Test	109	(1)
Smoke Test	109	(1)
Combustion Efficiency	109	(1)
Analysis and Adjustments	110	(5)
Oil-Burning Equipment	111	(2)
Gas-Burning Equipment	113	(2)
Parts Common to all Furnaces	115	(21)
How a Furnance Operates	115	(1)
Basic Components	116	(1)
Arrangement of Components	116	(1)
Description of Components	117	(19)
Heat Exchanger	117	(3)
Cabinet	120	(3)
Fans and Motors	123	(3)
Humidifiers and Humidistats	126	(10)
Components of Gas-Burning Furnaces	136	(18)
Gas-Burning Assembly	136	(14)
Gas Valve	138	(6)
Safety Pilot	144	(1)
Manifold and Orifice	145	(2)
Gas Burners and Adjustment	147	(3)
Maintenance and Service	150	(4)
Gas Burner Assembly	150	(1)
Pilot Assembly	151	(1)
Automatic Gas Valve	152	(2)
Components of Oil-Burning Furnances	154	(20)
Oil-Burning Units	154	(1)
Types of Burners	154	(1)
Low-Pressure Burner	155	(1)
High-Pressure Burner	155	(1)
High-Pressure Burner Components	155	(12)
Power Assembly	157	(3)
Nozzle Assembly	160	(3)
Oil Storage and Piping	163	(4)
Accessories	167	(2)
Combustion Chambers	168	(1)
Draft Regulators	168	(1)
Maintenance and Service	169	(5)
Burner Assembly	169	(1)
Nozzle Assembly	169	(2)
Ignition System and Controls	171	(1)
Furnance	171	(3)
High-Efficiency Furnances	174	(35)
78 to 80% Afue Furnances	174	(3)
Design Characteristics	175	(1)
Components	175	(2)
Control Sequence	177	(8)
Characteristics of High-Efficiency Furnances	185	(1)
Types of Designs	185	(12)
Recuperative Design	186	(1)
Condensing Design	186	(8)
Pulse Design	194	(3)
Computerized Control of High-Efficiency Furnaces	197	(12)
Heat Pumps and Integrated Systems	209	(34)
Characteristics	209	(1)
Types of Heat Pumps	209	(5)
Refrigeration Cycle	210	(2)
Defrost Cycle	212	(1)
Supplementary Heat	213	(1)
Air-to-Air System	214	(17)
Ratings	215	(2)
Indoor-Air-Temperature Rise	217	(1)
Locating the Outdoor Coil Sections	217	(1)
Heat Pump Thermostat	218	(1)
Outdoor Thermostat	218	(1)
Condensate Drain	218	(1)
Refrigerant Piping Connections	218	(3)
Wiring Diagrams and Sequence of Operation	221	(10)
Refrigeration System Servicing	231	(4)
Add-on Heat Pump System	235	(1)
Water-to-Air System	235	(8)
Performance Data	240	(1)
Water Piping	241	(2)
Basic Electricity and Electrical Symbols	243	(24)
Electrical Terms	243	(6)
Ohm's Law	244	(1)
Series Circuits	244	(1)
Parallel Circuits	245	(1)
Electrical Potential	246	(1)
Resistance	246	(1)
Power	247	(1)
Electromagnetic Action	247	(1)
Current	247	(2)
Capacitance	249	(1)
Circuits	249	(2)
Electrical Devices	251	(13)
Loads and Their Symbols	253	(4)
Switches and Their Symbols	257	(7)
Electrical Diagrams	264	(3)
Schematic Wiring Diagrams	267	(10)
Purpose of a Schematic	267	(1)
Understanding a Schematic	267	(1)
Schematic Construction	268	(9)
Rules for Drawing: Vertical Style	269	(1)
Rules for Drawing: Horizontal Style	270	(7)
Using Electrical Test Instrument and Equipment	277	(46)
Electrical Test Instruments	277	(1)
Component Functions	278	(1)
Instrument Functions	279	(1)
Using Meters	280	(3)
Selecting the Proper Instrument	283	(4)
Power Calculations	284	(1)
Clamp-on Volt-Ammeter-Ohmmeters	285	(1)
Voltprobe Tester	285	(1)
Digital Multimeters	286	(1)
Volt-Ampere Recorder	286	(1)
Troubleshooting a Furnance Electrically	287	(4)
Testing Part of a Furnance	287	(4)
Testing a Complete Unit	291	(1)
Efficiency and Air-Balancing Instruments	291	(8)
Spark Ignition Tester	291	(1)
Combustion Analyzer	291	(1)
Combustible Gas Detector	292	(6)
Temperature Testers	298	(1)
Air Meters	299	(1)
Heat Pump Service Instruments and Testers	299	(4)
Refrigerant Recovery	303	(20)
Selecting Equipment	307	(4)
Types of Recovery and Recycling Equipment	311	(12)
External Furnace Wiring	323	(15)
Field Wiring	323	(1)
Analyzing the Power Supply	324	(14)
Main Power Supply	326	(1)
Branch Circuits	326	(5)
Materials and Equipment	331	(7)
Controls common to all Forced Air Furnaces	338	(20)
Functions of Controls	338	(1)
Components of Control Systems	339	(1)
Thermostats	340	(9)
Electronic Temperature Sensing	340	(1)
Types of Current	341	(1)
Purpose	342	(1)
Anticipators	342	(4)
Subbases	346	(2)
Application and Installation	348	(1)
Programmable Thermostats	348	(1)
Humidistats	349	(1)
Fan and Limit Controls	349	(9)
Fan Controls	350	(3)
Limit Controls	353	(1)
Combinations	354	(2)
Two-Speed Fan Controls	356	(2)
Gas Furnace Controls	358	(25)
Use of Gas Furnace Controls	358	(1)
Circuits	359	(4)
Power Supply	360	(1)
Fan	360	(1)
Pilot	361	(1)
Gas Valve	361	(1)
Accessories	362	(1)
Typical Wiring Diagrams	363	(3)
Upflow	363	(1)
Downflow	364	(1)
Horizontal Flow	364	(2)
Testing and Service	366	(9)
Use of Test Meters	368	(6)
Component Testing and Troubleshooting	374	(1)
Thermocouple Circuit	374	(1)
Burner Ignition	375	(8)
Pilot Ignition	376	(1)
Direct-Spark Ignition	377	(3)
Silicon Carbide Ignition System	380	(3)
Oil Furnace Controls	383	(20)
Use of Oil Furnace Controls	383	(13)
Circuits	384	(1)
Primary Control	384	(9)
Power Circuit	393	(1)
Fan Circuit	394	(1)
Ignition and Oil Burner Circuits	394	(1)
Accessory Circuits	395	(1)
Typical Wiring Diagrams	396	(1)
Upflow	396	(1)
Oil Furnace with Multispeed Fan Motor	396	(1)
Troubleshooting and Service	396	(7)
Use of Test Meters	399	(2)
Testing Components	401	(1)
Other Servicing Techniques	401	(2)
Electric Heating	403	(15)
Conversion of Electricity to Heat	403	(1)
Electric Furnance Components	404	(4)
Heating Elements	405	(1)
Fan and Motor Assembly	406	(1)
Enclosures	406	(1)
Accessories	406	(2)
Power Supply	408	(1)
Control System	408	(3)
Power Circuit	408	(1)
Fan Circuit	408	(1)
Heating Element Circuits	409	(1)
Control Circuits	410	(1)
Use of Sequencers and Heat Relays	411	(3)
Service and Troubleshooting	414	(4)
Service Hints	414	(1)
Checking Power	415	(1)
Checking Switches	415	(1)
Checking Loads	416	(2)
Heating System Maintenance and Customer Relations	418	(19)
Importance of Proper Maintenance	418	(1)
Testing and Adjusting	419	(2)
Gas Furnance	419	(1)
Oil Furnace	420	(1)
Electric Furnace	421	(1)
Cleaning Air Passages	421	(1)
Servicing Fan-Motor Assembly	421	(3)
Belt-Driven Fans	423	(1)
Direct-Driven Fans	424	(1)
Rebalancing the System	424	(3)
Adjusting the Thermostat Heat Anticipator and Fan Control	427	(1)
Testing the Power and Safety Controls	428	(2)
Safety Check of the Limit Control	428	(2)
Safety Check of the Flow-Sensing Switch	430	(1)
Safety Check of the Draft Safeguard Switch	430	(1)
Cleaning the Heat Exchanger	430	(1)
Changing Air Filters	430	(1)
Servicing Accessories	430	(2)
Upgrading the Furnace	432	(1)
Customer Relations	432	(5)
Instruction for Equipment Service	433	(3)
Warranty	436	(1)
Energy Conservation	437	(21)
Energy Conservation Measures	437	(21)
Reducing Exposure Losses	439	(9)
Reducing Air Leakage	448	(3)
Using Other Retrofit Measures	451	(3)
Improved Maintenance	454	(4)
Indoor Air Quality	458	(16)
Introduction	458	(1)
Air Contamination	459	(1)
Particle Size	459	(1)
The Pollutants	460	(4)
Bioaerosols	461	(1)
Respirable Particles	462	(1)
Asbestos	462	(1)
Formaldehyde	462	(1)
Radon	463	(1)
Volatile Organic Compounds	463	(1)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	463	(1)
Combustion Products	464	(1)
Environmental Conditions	464	(1)
Role of HVAC in Controlling IAQ	464	(2)
Surveying the HVAC System	464	(1)
Responsibility of HVAC Technicians in Controlling IAQ	465	(1)
Methods of Control	466	(2)
Bioaerosols	466	(1)
Respirable Particles	466	(1)
Asbestos	466	(1)
Formaldehyde	466	(1)
Radon	467	(1)
Volatile Organic Compounds	467	(1)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	467	(1)
Combustion Products	468	(1)
HVAC Equipment Designed to Improve IAQ	468	(6)
Media Air Filter	469	(1)
Electronic Air Cleaner	469	(1)
Energy Recovery Ventilator	470	(4)
Zoning	474	(32)
Introduction	474	(1)
Zoning	475	(4)
Relieving Excess Air Pressure	479	(2)
Types of Zone Dampers	481	(1)
Automatic Bypass Dampers	482	(1)
Types of Zoning Systems	483	(23)
Honeywell Trol-A-Temp Zone Control System	483	(3)
Carrier Comfort Zone System	486	(6)
Lennox Zonemaster II Dual-Zone System	492	(5)
Enerstat Zone Control System 2	497	(9)
Hydronic Heating	506	(19)
Introduction	506	(1)
Types of Systems	507	(2)
Boiler Ratings	509	(1)
Selecting the Equipment for a Typical System	510	(15)
Determining the Heating Load	510	(1)
Sketching the Piping Layout	511	(1)
Selecting the Circulator and Trunk Lines	511	(1)
Selecting the Boiler	512	(1)
Selecting the Room Radiation	513	(3)
Selecting the Accessories	516	(5)
Selecting the Control System	521	(2)
Wiring Diagrams	523	(1)
Boiler Installation, Operation, and Maintenance	524	(1)
Integrated Hot Water System	524	(1)
Abbreviations for Text and Drawings	525	(6)
Appendices	531	(24)
Index	555