Preface

Versions and Supplements

Maps

Special Features

Working with Primary Sources

Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History

The History of the Universe

The History of a Planet

The History of the Human Species… in a Single Paragraph

Why World History?

Comparison, Connection, and Change: The Three Cs of World History

Snapshot: A History of the Universe as a Cosmic Calendar

Part One: First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 500 b.c.e.

The Big Picture

Turning Points in Early World History

The Emergence of Humankind

The Globalization of Humankind

The Revolution of Farming and Herding

The Turning Point of Civilization

A Note on Dates
*Mapping Part One

1 Chapter One: First Peoples; First Farmers: Most of History in a Single Chapter, To 4000 b.c.e.
Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations

Into Eurasia
Into Australia
Into the Americas
Into the Pacific
The Ways We Were

The First Human Societies
Economy and the Environment
The Realm of the Spirit
Settling Down: The Great Transition
Breakthroughs to Agriculture

Common Patterns
Variations
The Globalization of Agriculture

Triumph and Resistance
The Culture of Agriculture
Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture

Pastoral Societies
Agricultural Village Societies
Chiefdoms
Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Paleolithic Era in Perspective

*Portrait: Ishi, The Last of His People

Considering the Evidence

*Visual and Documentary Sources: History before Writing: How Do We Know?
Document: A Paleolithic Woman in the Twentieth Century: Nisa: The Life and Words of an !Kung Woman, 1969-1976
Visual Sources: Lascaux Rock Art

Women, Men, and Religion in Çatalhüyük

Otzi the Iceman

Stonehenge

Using the Evidence

2 First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500 b.c.e.–500 b.c.e.
Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations

Introducing the First Civilizations
The Question of Origins
An Urban Revolution
The Erosion of Equality

Hierarchies of Class
Hierarchies of Gender
Patriarchy in Practice
The Rise of the State

Coercion and Consent
Writing and Accounting
The Grandeur of Kings
Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt

Environment and Culture
Cities and States
Interaction and Exchange
Reflections: "Civilization": What’s in a Word?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Writing in Ancient Civilizations

*Portrait: Paneb of Egypt

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Life and Afterlife in Mesopotamia and Egypt
2.1—In Search of Eternal Life: The Epic of Gilgamesh, ca. 2700 B.C.E.–2500 b.c.e.

2.2--Law and Justice in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Law Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1800 b.c.e.

2.3—The Afterlife of a Pharaoh: A Pyramid Text, 2333 b.c. e.

2.4—A New Basis for Egyptian Immortality: Book of the Dead, ca. 1550-1064 b.c.e.

2.5—The Occupations of Old Egypt: Be a Scribe, ca. 2066-1650 b.c.e.

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Indus Valley Civilization
A Seal from the Indus Valley

Man from Mohenjo Daro

Dancing Girl

Using the Evidence

Part Two: Second Wave Civilizations in World History, 500 b.c.e.–500 c.e.
The Big Picture

After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn’t?

Continuities in Civilization
Changes in Civilization
Snapshot: World Population during the Age of Agricultural Civilization

*Mapping Part Two

3 State and Empire in Eurasia/North Africa, 500 b.c.e.–500 c.e.
Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks

The Persian Empire
The Greeks
Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars
Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese

Rome: From City-State to Empire
China: From Warring States to Empire
Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires
The Collapse of Empires
Intermittent Empire: The Case of India

Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Distinctive Features of Second-Wave Eurasian Civilizations

*Portrait: Trung Trac, Resisting the Chinese Empire

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Political Authority in Second Wave Civilizations
3.1—In Praise of Athenian Democracy: Pericles, Funeral Oration, 431-430 b.c.e.

3.2—In Praise of the Roman Empire: Aelius Aristides, The Roman Oration, 155 c.e.

3.3—Governing a Chinese Empire: The Writings of Master Han Fei, third century b.c.e.

3.4—Governing an Indian Empire: Ashoka, The Rock Edicts, ca. 268-232 b.c.e.

Using the Evidence

*Visual Sources: Representing Political Authority
Bihustun Inscription

Harmodius and Aristogeiton

Qin Shihuangdi Funerary Complex

Augustus

Using the Evidence

4 Culture and Religion in Eurasia/North Africa, 500 b.c.e.–500 c.e.
China and the Search for Order

The Legalist Answer
The Confucian Answer

The Daoist Answer
Cultural Traditions of Classical India

South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation
The Buddhist Challenge
Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
Moving toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East

Zoroastrianism
Judaism
The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order

The Greek Way of Knowing
The Greek Legacy
The Birth of Christianity…with Buddhist Comparisons

The Lives of the Founders
The Spread of New Religions
Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions
Reflections: Religion and Historians

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Thinkers and Philosophies of the Second-Wave Era

*Portrait: Perpetua, Christian Martyr

Considering the Evidence

Documents: The Good Life in Eurasian Civilizations

4.1—Reflections from Confucius: Confucius, The Analects, ca. 479-221 b.c.e.

4.2—Reflections from the Hindu Scriptures: Bhagavad Gita, ca. fifth to second century b.c.e.

4.3—Reflections from Socrates: Plato, Apology, ca. 399 b.c.e.

4.4—Reflections from Jesus: The Gospel of Matthew, ca. 70-100 c.e.

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Representations of the Buddha
Footprints of the Buddha

A Gandhara Buddha

A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Kannon of 1,000 Arms

The Chinese Maitreya Buddha

Using the Evidence

5 Society and Inequality in Eurasia/North Africa, 500 b.c.e.–500 c.e.
Society and the State in China

An Elite of Officials
The Landlord Class
Peasants
Merchants
Class and Caste in India

Caste as Varna
Caste as Jati
The Functions of Caste
Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire

Slavery and Civilization
The Making of Roman Slavery
Resistance and Rebellion
Comparing Patriarchies

A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China
Contrasting Patriarchies in Athens and Sparta
Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and the Buddha

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Social Life and Duty in India

*Portrait: Ge Hong, a Chinese Scholar in Troubled Times

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Patriarchy and Women’s Voices
5.1—A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her Daughters: Ban Zhao, Lessons for Women, Late First century c.e.

5.2—An Alternative to Patriarchy in India: Psalms of the Sisters, First Ccentury b.c.e.

5.3—Roman Women in Protest: Livy, History of Rome, Late First Century b.c.e. to Early First Century c.e.

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Terentius Neo and His Wife

A Pompeii Banquet

Scenes in a Pompeii Tavern

A Domestic Shrine

Mystery Religions: The Cult of Dionysus

Using the Evidence

6 Commonalities and Variations: Africa and the Americas, 500 b.c.e.–1200 c.e.
Continental Comparisons

African Civilizations

Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization
Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
Along the Niger River: Cities without States
Civilizations of Mesoamerica

The Maya: Writing and Warfare
Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City
Civilizations of the Andes

Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement
Moche: A Civilization of the Coast
Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior
Alternatives to Civilization: Bantu Africa

Cultural Encounters
Society and Religion
Alternatives to Civilization: North America

The Ancestral Pueblo: Pit Houses and Great Houses
Peoples of the Eastern Woodlands: The Mound Builders
Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Continental Population in the Second-Wave Era

*Portrait: Piye, Kushite Conqueror of Egypt

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Axum and the World
6.1—A Guidebook to the World of Indian Ocean Commerce: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, First Century c.e.

6.2—The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, Second or Third century c.e.

6.3—The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, Late Fourth Century c.e.

6.4—Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Christian Topography, Sixth Century c.e.

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Art and the Maya Elite
Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok: A Royal Couple of Yaxchilan

The Presentation of Captives

A Bloodletting Ritual

The Ball Game

Using the Evidence

Part Three: An Age of Accelerating Connections, 500–1500
The Big Picture

Defining a Millennium

Third-Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something Blended
The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third Wave Era
*Mapping Part Three

7 Commerce and Culture, 500–1500
Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia

The Growth of the Silk Roads
Goods in Transit
Cultures in Transit
Disease in Transit
Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean

Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa
Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara

Commercial Beginnings in West Africa
Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere

Reflections: Economic Globalization—Ancient and Modern

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Economic Exchange along the Silk Roads

Snapshot: Economic Exchange in the Indian Ocean Basin

*Portrait: Thorfinn Karlsefni, Viking Voyager

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Travelers’ Tales and Observations

7.1—A Chinese Buddhist in India: Huili, A Biography of the Tripitaka Master and Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, Seventh Century c.e.

7.2—A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299

7.3—A Arab Muslim in West Africa: Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1354

Using the Evidence

*Visual Sources: Traveling the Silk Road

Silk Road Merchants Encounter Bandits

A Stop at a Caravanserai

A Buddhist Monk on the Silk Road

Greek Culture, Buddhism, and the Kushans

Islam, Shamanism, and the Turks

Using the Evidence

8 China and the World: East Asian Connections, 500–1300
Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China

A "Golden Age" of Chinese Achievement
Women in the Song Dynasty
China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making

The Tribute System in Theory
The Tribute System in Practice
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan

Korea and China • Vietnam and China • Japan and China
China and the Eurasian World Economy

Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia
On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
China and Buddhism

Making Buddhism Chinese
Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
Reflections: Why Do Things Change?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
*Snapshot: Chinese Technological Achievements

*Portrait: Izumi Shikibu, Japanese Poet and Lover

Considering the Evidence

Documents: The Making of Japanese Civilization
8.1—Japanese Political Ideals: Shotoku, The Seventeen Article Constitution, 604

8.2—The Uniqueness of Japan: Kitabatake Chikafusa, The Chronicle of the Direct Descent of Gods and Sovereigns, 1339

8.3—Social Life at Court: Sei Shonagon, Pillow Book, ca. 1000

8.4—The Way of the Warrior: Shiba Yosimasa, Advice to Young Samurai, ca. 1400 and Imagawa Ryoshun, The Imagawa Letter, 1412

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: The Leisure Life of China’s Elites
A Banquet with the Emperor

At Table with the Empress

A Literary Gathering

An Elite Night Party

Using the Evidence

9 The Worlds of Islam: Afro-Eurasian Connections, 600–1500
The Birth of a New Religion

The Homeland of Islam
The Messenger and the Message
The Transformation of Arabia
The Making of an Arab Empire

War, Conquest, and Tolerance
Conversion
Divisions and Controversies
Women and Men in Early Islam
Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison

The Case of India
The Case of Anatolia
The Case of West Africa
The Case of Spain
The World of Islam as a New Civilization

Networks of Faith
Networks of Exchange
Reflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Key Achievements in Islamic Science and Scholarship

*Portrait: Mansa Musa, West African Monarch and Muslim Pilgrim

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Voices of Islam
9.1—The Voice of Allah: The Quran, Seventh Century c.e.

9.2—The Voice of the Prophet Muhammad: The Hadith, Eighth and Ninth centuries

9.3—The Voice of the Law: The Sharia, ninth century

9.4—The Voice of the Sufis: Inscription on Rumi’s Tomb, Thirteenth Century, Rumi, Poem, Thirteenth Century, and Rumi, Mathnawi, Thirteenth Century

Using the Evidence

*Visual Sources: The Life of the Prophet
Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel

The Night Journey of Muhammad

The Battle at Badr

The Destruction of the Idols

Using the Evidence

10 The Worlds of Christendom: Contraction, Expansion, and Division, 500–1300
Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa

Asian Christianity
African Christianity
Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past

The Byzantine State
The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence
Byzantium and the World
The Conversion of Russia
Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse

Political Life in Western Europe, 500–1000
Society and the Church, 500–1000
Accelerating Change in the West, 1000–1300
Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
The West in Comparative Perspective

Catching Up
Pluralism in Politics
Reason and Faith
Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of Christendom

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
*Snapshot: European Borrowing

*Portrait: Cecilia Penifader, An English Peasant and Unmarried Woman

Considering the Evidence

Documents: The Making of Christian Europe
10.1—The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, Late Sixth Century

10.2—Advice on Dealing with "Pagans": Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 603

10.3—Charlemagne and the Saxons: Charlemagne, Capitulary on Saxony, 785

10.4— The Persistence of Tradition: Willibald, Life of Boniface, ca. 760 and 10.5— The Leechbook, Tenth Century
Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Reading Byzantine Icons
Christ Pantokrator

The Nativity

Ladder of Divine Ascent

Using the Evidence
11: Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: The Mongol Moment, 1200–1500
Looking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Nomads

The World of Pastoral Societies
Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History
Breakout: The Mongol Empire

From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire
Explaining the Mongol Moment
Encountering the Mongols: Comparing Three Cases

China and the Mongols
Persia and the Mongols
Russia and the Mongols
The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network

Toward a World Economy
Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale
Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm
The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic
Reflections: Changing Images of Nomadic Peoples

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Varieties of Pastoral Societies

*Portrait, Khutulun, A Mongol Wrestler Princess

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Perspectives on the Mongols

11.1—Mongol History from a Mongol Source: The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240

11.2—A Letter from Chinggis Khan: Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219

11.3—A Russian View of the Mongols: The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1238

11.4—Chinese Perceptions of the Mongols: Epitaph for the Honorable Menggu, 1274

Using the Evidence
Visual Sources: The Black Death and Religion in Western Europe

The Flagellants

Burying the Dead

A Culture of Death

In the Face of Catastrophe—Questioning or Affirming the Faith • Using the Evidence

12 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century
The Shapes of Human Communities

Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
Herding Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe

Ming Dynasty China
European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World

In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas

The Aztec Empire
The Inca Empire
Webs of Connection

A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500–2012

Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Major Developments around the World in the Fifteenth Century

Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1000–2000

*Portrait: Zheng He, China's Non-Chinese Admiral

Considering the Evidence

Documents: The Aztecs and the Incas through Spanish Eyes
12.1—Diego Duran on the Aztecs: King Moctezuma I, Laws, Ordinances and Regulations, ca. 1450 and Diego Duran, Book of the Gods and Rites, 1574-1576

12.2— Pedro de Cieza de Léon on the Incas: Pedro de Cieza de Léon, Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550

Using the Evidence

*Visual Sources: Islam and Renaissance Europe
Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II

The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus

Aristotle and Averroes

St. George Baptizes the Pagans of Jerusalem

Giovanni da Modena, Muhammad in Hell

Using the Evidence　
Part Four: The Early Modern World, 1450–1750
The Big Picture

Debating the Character of an Era

An Early Modern Era?
A Late Agrarian Era?
*Mapping Part Four

13 Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters, 1450–1750
European Empires in the Americas

The European Advantage
The Great Dying
The Columbian Exchange
Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas

In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas
Colonies of Sugar
Settler Colonies in North America
The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire

Experiencing the Russian Empire
Russians and Empire
Asian Empires

Making China an Empire
Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire
Muslims and Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Reflections: The Centrality of Context in World History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Ethnic Composition of Colonial Societies in Latin America

*Portrait: Doña Marina, Between Two Worlds

Considering the Evidence

Documents: State Building in the Early Modern Era
13.1—The "Self-Portrait" of a Chinese Emperor: The Emperor Kangxi, Reflections, 1671-1722

13.2—The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs, 1605-1627

13.3—An Outsider’s View of Suleiman I: Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, The Turkish Letters, 1555-1562

13.4—French State-Building and Louis XIV: Louis XIV, Memoirs, 1670 • Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: The Conquest of Mexico through Aztec Eyes
Disaster Foretold

Moctezuma and Cortés

The Massacre of the Nobles

The Spanish Retreat from Tenochtitlán

Using the Evidence

14 Economic Transformations: Commerce and Consequence, 1450–1750
Europeans and Asian Commerce

A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
Spain and the Philippines
The East India Companies
Asian Commerce
Silver and Global Commerce

The "World Hunt": Fur in Global Commerce

Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Slave Trade in Context
The Slave Trade in Practice
Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
Reflections: Economic Globalization—Then and Now

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: The Slave Trade in Numbers (1501-1866)

*Portrait: Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, To Slavery and Back

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Voices from the Slave Trade 00

14.1—The Journey to Slavery: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789

14.2—The Business of the Slave Trade: Thomas Phillips, "A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London," 1694

14.3—The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo: King Affonso I, Letters to King Jao of Portugal, 1526

14.4—The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante: Osei Bons, Conversation with Joseph Dupuis, 1820

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World
Tea and Porcelain in Europe

A Chocolate Party in Spain

An Ottoman Coffeehouse

Clothing and Status in Colonial Mexico

Using the Evidence

15 Cultural Transformations: Religion and Science, 1450–1750
The Globalization of Christianity

Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation
Christianity Outward Bound
Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America
An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits
Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions

Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World
China: New Directions in an Old Tradition
India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide
A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science

The Question of Origins: Why Europe?
Science as Cultural Revolution • Science and Enlightenment
Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century
European Science beyond the West
Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Catholic/Protestant Differences in the Sixteenth Century

Snapshot: Major Thinkers and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution

*Portrait: Ursula de Jesus, An Afro-Peruvian Slave and Christian Visionary

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Renewal and Reform in the Early Modern World
15.1—Luther’s Protest: Martin Luther, Table Talk, early sixteenth century

15.2—Progress and Enlightenment: Marquis de Condorcet, Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793-1794

15.3—The Wahhabi Perspective on Islam: Abdullah Wahhab, "History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis," 1803

15.4—The Poetry of Kabîr: Kabîr, Poetry, ca. late fifteenth century

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Global Christianity in the Early Modern World
Pieter Seanredam, Interior of a Dutch Reformed Church

Catholic Baroque: Interior of Pilgrimage Church, Mariazell, Austria

Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity

Making Christianity Chinese

Christian Art at the Mughal Court

Using the Evidence

Part Five: The European Moment In World History, 1750–1914
The Big Picture European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism

Eurocentric Geography and History
Countering Eurocentrism
*Mapping Part Five

16 Atlantic Revolutions, Global Echoes, 1750–1914
Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context

Comparing Atlantic Revolutions

The North American Revolution, 1775–1787
The French Revolution, 1789–1815
The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1825
Echoes of Revolution

The Abolition of Slavery
Nations and Nationalism
Feminist Beginnings
Reflections: Revolutions Pro and Con

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Key Moments in the Growth of Nationalism

*Portrait: Kartini, Feminism and Nationalism in Java

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Claiming Rights

16.1—The French Revolution and the "Rights of Man": The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789

16.2—Rights and National Independence: Simón Bolívar, The Jamaica Letter, 1815

16.3—Rights and Slavery: Frederick Douglass, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", 1852

16.4—The Rights of Women: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Solitude of Self, 1892

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Representing the French Revolution
The Early Years of the French Revolution: "The Joyous Accord"

A Reversal of Roles: The Three Estates of Revolutionary France

Revolution and Religion: "Patience, Monsignor, your turn will come"

An English Response to Revolution: "Hell Broke Loose or The Murder of Louis"

Using the Evidence

17 Revolutions of Industrialization, 1750–1914
Explaining the Industrial Revolution

Why Europe?
Why Britain?
The First Industrial Society

The British Aristocracy
The Middle Classes
The Laboring Classes
Social Protest
Europeans in Motion
Variations on a Theme: Comparing Industrialization in the United States and Russia

The United States: Industrialization without Socialism
Russia: Industrialization and Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

After Independence in Latin America
Facing the World Economy
Becoming like Europe?
Reflections: History and Horse Races

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Measuring the Industrial Revolution

Snapshot: The Industrial Revolution and the Global Divide

*Portrait: Ellen Johnston, Factory Girl and Poet

Considering the Evidence

*Documents: Experiencing Industrialization

17.1— The Experience of an English Factory Worker: Elizabeth Bentley, Factory Worker, Testimony, 1831 and William Harter, Mill Owner, Testimony, 1832

17.2—A Weaver’s Lament: Only a Weaver, 1860s

17.3—A Middle-Class Understanding of the Industrial Poor: Samuel Smiles, Thrift, 1875

17.4—Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848

17.5—Socialism in Song: Eugene Pottier (trans. Charles Kerr), The Internationale, 1871

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Art and the Industrial Revolution
The Machinery Department of the Crystal Palace

The Railroad as a Symbol of the Industrial Era

Outside the Factory: Eyre Crowe, The Dinner Hour, Wigan

Inside the Factory: Lewis Hine, Child Labor, 1912

John Leech, Capital and Labour

Using the Evidence

18 Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa, 1750–1950
Industry and Empire

A Second Wave of European Conquests

Under European Rule

Cooperation and Rebellion
Colonial Empires with a Difference
Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies

Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market
Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work
Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa
Assessing Colonial Development
Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change in the Colonial Era

Education
Religion
"Race" and "Tribe"
Reflections: Who Makes History?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions • Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Long-Distance Migration in an Age of Empire, 1846–1940

*Portrait: Wanjiku of Kenya, An Ordinary Woman in Extraordinary Times

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Indian Responses to Empire
18.1—Seeking Western Education: Ram Mohan Roy, Letter to Lord Amherst, 1823

18.2—The Indian Rebellion: Prince Feroze Shah, The Azamgarh Proclamation, 1857

18.3—The Credits and Debits of British Rule in India: Dadabhai Naoroji, Speech to a London Audience, 1871

18.4—Gandhi on Modern Civilization: Mahatma Gandhi, Indian Home Rule, 1908

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: The Scramble for Africa
Prelude to the Scramble

Conquest and Competition

From the Cape to Cairo

British and French in North Africa

The Ethiopian Exception

Using the Evidence

19 Empire in Collision: Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia, 1800–1914
Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis

The Crisis Within
Western Pressures
The Failure of Conservative Modernization
The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century

"The Sick Man of Europe"
Reform and Its Opponents
Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power

The Tokugawa Background
American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration
Modernization Japanese Style
Japan and the World
Reflections: Success and Failure in History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Chinese/British Trade at Canton, 1835–1836

*Portrait: Commissioner Lin, Confronting the Opium Trade

Considering the Evidence

*Documents: Changing China
19.1—Towards a Constitutional Monarchy: Kang Youwei, Memorial to Emperor Guangxu, 1898

19.2—Education and Examination: Anonymous, Editorial on China’s Examination System, 1898, and Emperor Guangxu, Edict on Education, 1898

19.3—Gender, Reform, and Revolution: Qiu Jin, An Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen, 1904

19.4—Prescriptions for a Revolutionary China: Sun Yat-sen, The Three People’s Principles and the Future of the Chinese People, 1906

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Japanese Perceptions of the West
The Black Ships

Women and Westernization

Kobayashi Kiyochika’s Critique of Wholesale Westernization

Japan, China, and Europe: A Reversal of Roles

Using the Evidence

Part Six: The Most Recent Century, 1914–2012
The Big Picture

Since World War I: A New Period in World History?

*Mapping Part Six

20: Collapse at the Center: World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power, 1914–1970s
The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918

An Accident Waiting to Happen
Legacies of the Great War
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression

Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan

The Fascist Alternative in Europe
Hitler and the Nazis
Japanese Authoritarianism
A Second World War

The Road to War in Asia
The Road to War in Europe
The Outcomes of Global Conflict
The Recovery of Europe

Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: Comparing the Impact of the Depression

*Portrait: Etty Hillesum, Witness to the Holocaust

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Ideologies of the Axis Powers
20.1—Hitler on Nazism: Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), 1925-1926

20.2—The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan, 1937

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Propaganda and Critique in World War I

Defining the Enemy

War and the Colonies

Women and the War

War and the Colonies

The Battlefield

The Aftermath of War

Using the Evidence

21 Revolution, Socialism, and Global Conflict: The Rise and Fall of World Communism, 1917–Present
Global Communism

Comparing Revolutions as a Path to Communism

Russia: Revolution in a Single Year
China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle
Building Socialism in Two Countries

Communist Feminism
Socialism in the Countryside
Communism and Industrial Development
The Search for Enemies
East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War

Military Conflict and the Cold War
Nuclear Standoff and Third World Rivalry
Paths to the End of Communism

China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining the Party
The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country
Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: China under Mao, 1949–1976

*Portrait: Anna Dubova, A Peasant Woman and Soviet Communist

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Experiencing Stalinism
21.1—Stalin on Stalinism: Joseph Stalin, "The Results of the First Five-Year Plan," 1933

21.2—Living through Collectivization: Maurice Hindus, Red Bread, 1931

21.3—Living through Industrialization: Personal Accounts of Soviet Industrialization, 1930s

21.4—Living through the Terror: Personal Accounts of the Terror, 1930s

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Poster Art in Mao’s China
Smashing the Old Society

Building the New Society: The People’s Commune

Women, Nature, and Industrialization

The Cult of Mao

Using the Evidence

22 The End of Empire: The Global South on the Global Stage, 1914–Present
Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence

The End of Empire in World History
Explaining African and Asian Independence
Comparing Freedom Struggles

The Case of India: Ending British Rule
The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid
Experiments with Freedom

Experiments in Political Order: Party, Army, and the Fate of Democracy
Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying Outcomes
Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey and Iran
Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1950-2011

*Portrait: Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Muslim Pacifist

Considering the Evidence

Documents: Contending for Islam
22.1—A Secular State for an Islamic Society in Turkey: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Speech to the General Congress of the Republican Party, 1927

22.2—Political Islam: Ayatollah Khomeini, Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini, 1980

22.3—Progressive Islam: Kabir Helminski, "Islam and Human Values," 2009

22.4—Abandoning Islam: Ayaan Hirsi Ail, From Islam to America, 2010

Using the Evidence

Visual Sources: Representing Independence
African National Congress

Vietnamese Independence and Victory over the United States

Winning a Jewish National State

A Palestinian Nation in the Making

Using the Evidence

23 Capitalism and Culture: A New Phase of Global Interaction, since 1945
The Transformation of the World Economy

Reglobalization
Growth, Instability, and Inequality
Globalization and an American Empire
The Globalization of Liberation: Focus on Feminism

Feminism in the West
Feminism in the Global South
International Feminism
Religion and Global Modernity

Fundamentalism on a Global Scale
Creating Islamic Societies: Resistance and Renewal in the World of Islam
Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism
Experiencing the Anthropocene Era: Environment and Environmentalism

The Global Environment Transformed
Green and Global
Final Reflections: Pondering the OAR

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
LearningCurve
*Snapshot: Global Development and Inequality: 2011

*Portrait: Rachel Carson, Pioneer of Environmentalism

Considering the Evidence

*Documents: Voices of Global Feminism

23.1—Communist Feminism: Alexandra Kollotai, "Communism and the Family," 1920

23.2—Western Feminism: Andrea Dworkin, "Remember, Resist, Do Not Comply," 1995

23.3—Black American Feminism: Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977

23.4—Islamic Feminism: Benzair Bhutto, Politics and the Muslim Woman, 1985

23.5—Mexican Zapatista Feminists: Indigenous Women's Petition, March 1, 1994 and The Women's Revolutionary Law, January 1, 1994

Using the Evidence