Welfare, Ethnicity and Altruism: New Data and Evolutionary Theory

by Salter; Frank

• ISBN13: 9780714683522
• ISBN10: 0714683523
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2005-04-19
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Welfare, Ethnicity, and Altruismapplies the controversial theory of 'Ethnic Nepotism', first formulated by Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt and Pierre van den Berghe, to the modern welfare state (both are authors in this volume). This theory states that ethnic groups resemble large families whose members are prone to cooperate due to "kin altruism". Recent empirical findings in economics and political science offer confirmatory evidence. The book presents two separate studies that compare welfare expenditures around the world, both indicating that the more ethnically mixed a population becomes, the greater is its resistance to redistributive policies. This book brings together a distinguished group of scholars: evolutionary biologists, political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists, economists, primatologists, and human ethologists. It breaks new ground in advancing our understanding of multicultural politics, ethnic competition, and conflict.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xi
List of Tables	xiii
Notes on Contributors	xvii
Acknowledgements	xxi
Preface	xxiii
Series Editor's Foreword	xxv
1. Introduction: The Symposium Target Paper in Broader Context
Frank Kemp Salter	3	(24)
PART I DOES ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY DEPRESS PUBLIC ALTRUISM IN MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETIES?
2. Urban Begging and Ethnic Nepotism in Russia: An Ethological Pilot Study
Marina Butovskaya, Frank Salter, Ivan Diakonov, and Alexey Smirnov	27	(26)
3. Ethnic Diversity, Population Size, and Charitable Giving at the Local Level in the United States
James N. Schubert and Michael J. Tweed	53	(21)
4. Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Spending: Testing the Evolutionary Theory of Ethnicity with Cross-National Data
Stephen K. Sanderson	74	(14)
5. An Exploratory Comparative Study of the Relationship between Ethnic Heterogeneity and Welfare Politics
Tatu Vanhanen	88	(31)
6. Reconciling the Differences between Sanderson's and Vanhanen's Results
Stephen K. Sanderson and Tatu Vanhanen	119	(4)
PART II WELFARE BROADLY DEFINED: ETHNIC HETEROGEITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
7. Ethnolinguistic Diversity, Government, and Growth
William A. Masters and Margaret S. McMillan	123	(25)
8. Ethnic Diversity, Foreign Aid, Economic Growth, Population Policy, Welfare, Inequality, Conflict, and the Costs of Globalism: A Perspective on W. Masters' and M. McMillan's Findings
Frank Salter	148	(27)
PART III EXPLANATION AND PREDICTION: DOES EVOLUTIONARY THEORY HELP?
9. The Limits of Chimpanzee Charity: Strategies of Meat Sharing in Communities of Wild Apes
Linda F. Marchant	175	(20)
10. Selfish Co-operation, Loyalty Structures, and Proto-Ethnocentrism in Inter-group Agonistic Behaviour
J.M.G. van der Dennen	195	(37)
11. Canadian Welfare Policy and Ethnopolitics: Towards an Evolutionary Model
Patrick James	232	(16)
12. Why Welfare Slates Rise and Fall: Ethnicity, Belief Systems, and Environmental Influences on the Support for Public Goods
Roger D. Masters	248	(35)
PART IV ETHICAL AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
13. Ethnicity, the Problem of Differential Altruism, and International Krulticulturalisin
Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt	283	(9)
14. Affirmative Action: Towards a Sociobiologically Informed Social Policy
Pierre L. van den Berghe	292	(14)
15. The Evolutionary Deficit in Mainstream Political Theory of Welfare arid Ethnicity
Frank Salter	306	(23)
Index	329
APPENDICES
4.1. Full List of Countries Used in the Analyses	86	(23)
5.1. Data on	109	(33)
(1) Measures of Ethnic Heterogeneity and Other Explanatory Variables and
(2) on Various Dependent Variables Indicating Ethnic Inequalities (Humana's Grades) and Expenditure on Social Security and Welfare
7.1. Countries Included and Omitted from World-Wide Samples	142	(2)
7.2. National Data Used in All Regressions	144