Western Civilization: Sources, Images, and Interpretations, Volume 1, To 1700

by SHERMAN DENNIS

• ISBN13: 9780072565676
• ISBN10: 0072565675
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-03-27
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This collection of primary, secondary, and visual sources for the Western Civilization survey course provides a broad introduction to the materials historians use, the interpretations historians make, and thousands of years of Western civilization. Its broad selection of documents, photographs, maps, and charts, and its full array of accompanying commentaries--drawn from a balanced spectrum of perspectives and approaches--offer valuable insight into the work of historians and provide the context that helps students understand the texts' full historical significance.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Using this Book	xvii
Part One Civilizations of the Ancient World
Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
Primary Sources
Using Primary Sources: The Laws of Hammurabi	4	(1)
The Laws of Hammurabi	5	(2)
The Epic of Gilgamesh	7	(1)
Hymn to the Nile	8	(1)
Hymn to the Pharaoh	9	(1)
The Old Testament---Genesis and Exodus	9	(1)
The Aton Hymn and Psalm 104: The Egyptians and the Hebrews	10	(1)
Visual Sources
Using Visual Sources: The ``Royal Standard'' of Ur	10	(1)
Sumer: The ``Royal Standard'' of Ur (photo)	11	(1)
Egyptian Wall Paintings from the Tomb of Menna (photo)	11	(2)
The Environment and the Rise of Civilization in the Ancient Near East (maps)	13	(1)
Secondary Sources
Using Secondary Sources: The Agricultural Revolution	14	(1)
The Agricultural Revolution	15	(2)
Robert J. Braidwood
The Process of Civilization	17	(1)
William H. McNeill
Freedom in the Ancient World: Civilization in Sumer	18	(1)
Herbert J. Muller
The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man	19	(1)
Henri Frankfort
H. A. Frankfort
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: The Afterlife	20	(1)
Lionel Casson
Women of Egypt and the Ancient Near East	20	(1)
Barbara S. Lesko
A History of the Jews	21	(3)
Paul Johnson
The Emergence of Greek Civilization
Primary Sources
Homer, The Iliad	24	(1)
Hesiod, Works and Days	25	(1)
A Colonization Agreement	26	(1)
Semonides of Amorgos, Poem on Women	26	(1)
Theognis of Megara, Aristocrats and Tyrants	27	(1)
Solon, Early Athens	27	(2)
Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians	29	(1)
Visual Sources
Trade, Culture, and Colonization (photo)	30	(1)
Migration and Colonization (maps)	31	(2)
Secondary Sources
The End of the Mycenaean World	33	(1)
Frank J. Frost
Greek Realities: The Homeric Epics	34	(1)
Finley Hooper
Social Values and Ethics in the ``Dark Age'' of Greece	34	(4)
Sarah B. Pomeroy
Classical and Hellenistic Greece
Primary Sources
Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War: The Historical Method	38	(1)
Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War: Athens During the Golden Age	39	(1)
Sophocles, Antigone	40	(1)
Plato, The Republic	41	(1)
Aristotle, Politics	42	(2)
Xenophon, Household Management	44	(1)
Hippocrates, Medicine and Magic	45	(1)
Epicurus, Individual Happiness	46	(1)
Visual Sources
Education (photo)	47	(1)
The Women's Quarters (photo)	47	(1)
The Dying Niobide: The Classical Balance (photo)	47	(1)
The Old Market Woman: Hellenistic Individualism (photo)	48	(1)
Geography and Political Configurations in Greece (map)	48	(1)
Secondary Sources
Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women and Work in Athens	49	(1)
Sarah B. Pomeroy
The Greeks: Slavery	50	(1)
Anthony Andrews
The Ancient Greeks: Decline of the Polis	51	(1)
M. I. Finley
Alexander the Great	52	(1)
Richard Stoneman
Greek Realities	53	(3)
Finley Hooper
The Rise of Rome
Primary Sources
Polybius, Histories: The Roman Constitution	56	(1)
Cicero, The Education of a Roman Gentleman	57	(1)
Quintus Lucretius Vespillo, Eulogy for a Roman Wife	58	(1)
Plautus, Menaechmi: Roman Slavery	59	(1)
Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catiline: Decline of the Republic	60	(1)
Visual Sources
Evidence from Coins (photo)	61	(1)
The Geographic and Cultural Environment (map)	61	(2)
Secondary Sources
The Ancient City: Religious Practices	63	(1)
Fustel de Coulanges
Life and Leisure: The Roman Aristocrat	64	(1)
J. P. V. D. Balsdon
Roman Women	64	(4)
Gillian Clark
The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity
Primary Sources
Pliny the Younger, Letters: The Daily Life of a Roman Governor	68	(1)
Marcus Aurelius, Meditations: Ideals of an Emperor and Stoic Philosopher	69	(1)
Pliny the Younger and Trajan, Rome and the Early Christians	69	(2)
The Gospel According to St. Matthew	71	(1)
Epistle to the Romans	72	(1)
St. Paul
The City of God	73	(1)
St. Augustine
The Germanic Tribes	74	(1)
Ammianus Marcellinus
The Fall of Rome	74	(1)
St. Jerome
Visual Sources
Carved Gemstone: Augustus and the Empire Transformed (photo)	75	(1)
Tomb Decoration: Death and Roman Culture (photo)	76	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Roman Empire: The Place of Augustus	77	(1)
Chester G. Starr
Pagan and Christian: The Appeal of Christianity	77	(1)
E. R. Dodds
Women of the Roman Empire	78	(1)
Jo Ann McNamara
The Later Roman Empire	79	(5)
A. H. M. Jones
Part Two The Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages
Primary Sources
Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks	84	(1)
The Origins of Feudalism	85	(1)
Charlemagne, Instructions to the Subjects of Charlemagne's Empire	86	(1)
Einhard, War and Conversion Under Charlemagne	86	(1)
The Annals of Xanten, Disorder and Destruction	87	(1)
The Wanderer: Life of a Medieval Warrior	88	(1)
Visual Sources
Illustration from a Gospel Book: Christiantiy and Early Medieval Culture (illustration)	89	(1)
Painting from an Illuminated Bible: Secular and Religious Authority (illustration)	90	(1)
Contraction in the Early Middle Ages (maps)	91	(1)
Secondary Sources
Mohammed and Charlemagne: The Beginnings of Medieval Civilization	92	(1)
Henri Pirenne
The Carolingian West: The Genesis of Feudal Relationships	93	(1)
David Nicholas
An Evaluation of Feudalism	94	(1)
Daniel D. McGarry
Sanctity and Power: The Dual Pursuit of Medieval Women	95	(3)
Jo Ann McNamara
Suzanne F. Wemple
The Medieval East
Primary Sources
The Qur'an	98	(1)
Letter to `Umar II: Islamic Asceticism	99	(1)
Hasan al-Basri
Avicenna, Autobiography of a Muslim Scholar	100	(1)
The Institutes of Justinian: Byzantium and the Legacy of Roman Law	101	(1)
The Rus: Cross-Cultural Contact	102	(1)
Ibn Fadlan
Visual Sources
Manuscript Illuminations: Scenes from the Life of Muhammad (photo)	103	(2)
The Byzantine Empire and the Expansion of Islam (maps)	105	(2)
Secondary Sources
Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome	107	(1)
Cyril Mango
The Arabs in History	107	(1)
Bernard Lewis
The Islamic World	108	(1)
Albert Hourani
The Eastern Orientation of Islam	109	(3)
Peter Brown
The High Middle Ages: The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Primary Sources
Letters: Secular and Ecclesiastical Authority	112	(1)
Pope Gregory VII
Reginal of Durham, The Life of Saint Godric: A Merchant Adventurer	112	(1)
The Art of Courtly Love	113	(1)
Andreas Capellanus
Gratian, The Decretum: Medieval Women---Not in God's Image	114	(1)
Visual Sources
The Gospel Book of Otto III: Church and State (photo)	114	(1)
Medieval Expansion (maps)	114	(3)
Secondary Sources
Medieval Values	117	(1)
Jacques Le Goff
The Mold for Medieval Women: Social Status	118	(1)
Margaret Wade Labarge
The Merchant	119	(1)
Aron Ja. Gurevich
The Making of the Middle Ages: Serfdom	119	(1)
R. W. Southern
Feudal Society: The Psychic World of Medieval People	120	(2)
Marc Bloch
The High Middle Ages: The Crusades and the East
Primary Sources
The Opening of the Crusades	122	(1)
Pope Urban II
Ekkehard of Aurach, Crusaders' Motives	123	(1)
Inducements for the Crusades	123	(1)
Pope Eugenius III
Princess Anna Comnena, The Alexiad: A Byzantine View of the Crusades	123	(1)
Memoirs: European and Muslim Interactions	124	(1)
Usamah Ibn-Munqidh
Visual Sources
Conflict and Cultural Exchange (photo)	125	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Meaning of the Crusades	126	(1)
Christopher Tyerman
The Significance of the Crusades	126	(1)
Thomas F. Madden
The Byzantine Empire: Defeat, Decline, and Resilience	127	(3)
Robert Browning
The High Middle Ages: The Thirteenth Century
Primary Sources
Papal Proclamation of Supremacy	130	(1)
Pope Innocent III
Archbishop Eudes of Rouen, A Church Register: Clerical Administration	130	(1)
St. Francis of Assisi, The Rule of St. Francis	131	(1)
Summa Theologica	132	(1)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Political Authority: The Emperor, the Princes, and the Towns	133	(1)
Frederick II
Decrees of the Hanseatic League	134	(1)
Ordinances of the Guild Merchants of Southampton	134	(1)
Bartholomaeus Anglicus, Chambermaids	135	(1)
Visual Sources
Medieval Life (photo)	136	(1)
Secularization and the Medieval Knight (photo)	136	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Outlaws of Medieval Legend: Social Rank and Injustice	137	(1)
Maurice Keen
Life in Cities: Violence and Fear	138	(1)
Jacques Rossiaud
Solitude	139	(1)
Georges Duby
Ecological Conditions and Demographic Change	140	(2)
David Herlihy
The Late Middle Ages
Primary Sources
Attack on the Papacy: The Conciliar Movement	142	(1)
Manual of the Inquisitor	143	(1)
Bernard Gui
The Rebellions of 1381	143	(2)
Sir John Froissart
The Decameron: The Plague in Florence	145	(1)
Giovanni Boccaccio
Statute of Laborers	146	(1)
King Edward III
The Canterbury Tales	146	(1)
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Goodman of Paris: Instructions on Being a Good Wife	147	(2)
Visual Sources
The Church Besieged (photo)	149	(1)
The Triumph of Death (photo)	149	(1)
Unrest in the Late Middle Ages (map)	149	(1)
Food and Crime (chart)	149	(3)
Secondary Sources
The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages	152	(1)
Francis Oakley
The Black Death: A Socioeconomic Perspective	153	(1)
Millard Meiss
A Psychological Perspective of the Black Death	154	(6)
William L. Langer
Part Three Renaissance, Reformation, and Expansion
The Renaissance
Primary Sources
A Letter to Boccaccio: Literary Humanism	160	(1)
Francesco Petrarch
On the Liberal Arts	161	(1)
Peter Paul Vergerio
The City of Ladies	161	(1)
Christine de Pizan
The Prince	162	(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Book of the Courtier	163	(1)
Baldesar Castiglione
Visual Sources
Raphael, The School of Athens: Art and Classical Culture (photo)	164	(2)
Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride: Symbolism and the Northern Renaissance (photo)	166	(1)
Jan van Eyck
Wealth, Culture, and Diplomacy (photo)	166	(2)
Hans Holbein
Secondary Sources
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy	168	(1)
Jacob Burckhardt
The Myth of the Renaissance	169	(1)
Peter Burke
Machiavelli and the Renaissance	170	(1)
Federico Chabod
Northern Sources of the Renaissance	171	(3)
Charles G. Nauert
The Reformation
Primary Sources
The Spark for the Reformation: Indulgences	174	(1)
Johann Tetzel
Justification by Faith	175	(1)
Martin Luther
On the Bondage of the Will	175	(1)
Martin Luther
Condemnation of Peasant Revolt	176	(1)
Martin Luther
Institutes of the Christian Religion: Predestination	177	(1)
John Calvin
Constitution of the Society of Jesus	178	(1)
Teresa of Avila, The Way of Perfection	178	(1)
Visual Sources
Luther and the New Testament (photo)	179	(1)
Luther and the Catholic Clergy Debate (photo)	179	(2)
Sebald Beham
Loyola and Catholic Reform (photo)	181	(1)
Peter Paul Rubens
Secondary Sources
What Was the Reformation?	182	(1)
Euan Cameron
A Political Interpretation of the Reformation	182	(1)
G. R. Elton
The Catholic Reformation	183	(1)
John C. Olin
The Legacy of the Reformation	184	(1)
Steven E. Ozment
Women in the Reformation	185	(3)
Marilyn J. Boxer
Jean H. Quataert
Overseas Expansion and New Politics
Primary Sources
The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea	188	(1)
Gomes Eannes de Azurara
Letter to Lord Sanchez, 1493	189	(1)
Christopher Columbus
Memoirs: The Aztecs	190	(1)
Bernal Diaz del Castillo
Letter to Charles V: Finance and Politics	191	(1)
Jacob Fugger
Visual Sources
The Assets and Liabilities of Empire (text and photo)	192	(1)
Frans Franken II
The Conquest of Mexico as Seen by the Aztecs (photo)	193	(1)
Exploration, Expansion, and Politics (maps)	193	(2)
Secondary Sources
The Expansion of Europe	195	(1)
Richard B. Reed
The Effects of Expansion on the Non-European World	196	(1)
M. L. Bush
Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early America	197	(5)
Gary Nash
Part Four The Early Modern Period
War and Revolution: 1560-1660
Primary Sources
Civil War in France	202	(1)
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
Richelieu, Political Will and Testament	202	(1)
The Powers of the Monarch in England	203	(1)
James I
The House of Commons, The Powers of Parliament in England	203	(1)
Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger, The Hammer of Witches	204	(1)
Visual Sources
War and Violence (photo)	205	(1)
Jan Brueghel
Sebastien Vrancx
Leviathan: Political Order and Political Theory (text and photo)	205	(2)
Thomas Hobbes
Germany and the Thirty Years' War (maps)	207	(1)
Secondary Sources
A Political Interpretation of the Thirty Years' War	208	(1)
Hajo Holborn
A Religious Interpretation of the Thirty Years' War	209	(1)
Carl J. Friedrich
War and Peace in the Old Regime	210	(1)
M. S. Anderson
The Causes of the English Civil War	210	(1)
Conrad Russell
The Devil's Handmaid: Women in the Age of Reformations	211	(3)
William Monter
Aristocracy and Absolutism in the Seventeenth Century*
Primary Sources
Austria Over All If She Only Will: Mercantilism	214	(1)
Philipp W. von Hornick
The Great Elector, A Secret Letter: Monarchical Authority in Prussia	215	(1)
Frederick William
Memoires: The Aristocracy Undermined in France	215	(1)
Saint-Simon
Second Treatise of Civil Government: Legislative Power	216	(1)
John Locke
Visual Sources
The Early Modern Chateau (photo)	217	(1)
Maternal Care (photo)	218	(1)
Pieter de Hooch
Secondary Sources
Absolutism: Myth and Reality	219	(1)
G. Durand
The English Revolution, 1688-1689	220	(1)
George Macaulay Trevelyan
Centuries of Childhood	220	(1)
Philippe Aries
The World We Have Lost: The Early Modern Family	221	(3)
Peter Laslett
The Scientific Revolution
Primary Sources
The Discourse on Method	224	(1)
Rene Descartes
Letter to Christina of Tuscany: Science and Scripture	224	(1)
Galileo Galilei
The Papal Inquisition of 1633: Galileo Condemned	225	(1)
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy	226	(1)
Sir Isaac Newton
Visual Source
A Vision of the New Science (photo)	226	(2)
Secondary Sources
Why Was Science Backward in the Middle Ages?	228	(1)
Michael Postan
Early Modern Europe: Motives for the Scientific Revolution	229	(1)
Sir George Clark
No Scientific Revolution for Women	229
Bonnie S. Anderson
Judith P. Zinsser