What Your Third Grader Needs to Know : Fundamentals of a Good Third-Grade Education

by HIRSCH, E.D. JRCORE KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION

• ISBN13: 9780385497190
• ISBN10: 0385497199
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-09-01
• Publisher: Doubleday

Summary

With thirty-two pages of full-color illustrations, a bolder, easier-to-follow format, and a thoroughly updated curriculum,What Your Third Grader Needs to Know,Revised Edition,reflects the Core Knowledge Foundation's ongoing commitment to providing a solid educational foundation for today's elementary school students. What Your Third Grader Needs to Know, Revised Edition,covers the basics of math, language arts, science, geography, art, and technology. A collection of American speeches, tales from around the world, math problems, and more, add to the book's usefulness and enhance the pleasure of both adult and child as they work together. Hundred of thousands of children have benefited from the Core Knowledge Series. This revised edition gives a new generation of third graders the advantage they need to make progress in school today, and to establish an approach to learning that will last a lifetime.

Author Biography

E. D. Hirsch, Jr., is a professor of English at the University of Virginia and the author of <b>The Schools We Need</b>, <b>The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy</b>, and the bestselling <b>Cultural Literacy</b>. He lives in Charlottesville, Virginia.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. vii
Introduction to the Revised Edition	p. xxi
General Introduction to the Core Knowledge Series	p. xxiii
Language and Literature
Reading, Writing, and Your Third Grader	p. 3
Suggested Resources	p. 4
Literature	p. 5
Introduction	p. 5
Suggested Resources	p. 5
Poetry	p. 6
Adventures of Isabel	p. 6
By Myself	p. 8
Catch a Little Rhyme	p. 8
Dream Variations	p. 9
Knoxville, Tennessee	p. 9
The Crocodile	p. 10
Trees	p. 11
For Want of a Nail	p. 11
Jimmy Jet and His TV Set	p. 12
First Thanksgiving of All	p. 13
Eletelephony	p. 14
Father William	p. 14
Stories
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland	p. 16
Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp	p. 21
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves	p. 25
The Hunting of the Great Bear	p. 29
Gone Is Gone	p. 32
The Little Match Girl	p. 34
The People Could Fly	p. 36
Three Words of Wisdom	p. 38
William Tell	p. 39
The River Bank	p. 41
Mythology	p. 44
Gods, Heroes, and Tricksters from Scandinavia	p. 44
Norse Gods and Goddesses	p. 44
The World Tree and the End of the World	p. 45
Loki and the Gifts for the Gods	p. 45
Myths from Ancient Greece and Rome	p. 47
Jason and the Golden Fleece	p. 47
Perseus and Medusa	p. 49
Cupid and Psyche	p. 51
The Sword of Damocles	p. 53
Damon and Pythias	p. 53
Androcles and the Lion	p. 55
Horatius at the Bridge	p. 56
Learning About Literature	p. 58
Biography and Autobiography	p. 58
Fiction and Nonfiction	p. 58
Sayings and Phrases	p. 59
Actions speak louder than words	p. 59
His bark is worse than his bite	p. 59
Beat around the bush	p. 59
Beggars can't be choosers	p. 60
Clean bill of health	p. 60
Cold shoulder	p. 60
A feather in your cap	p. 60
Last straw	p. 61
Let bygones be bygones	p. 61
One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel	p. 61
On its last legs	p. 61
Rule the roost	p. 62
The show must go on	p. 62
Touch and go	p. 62
When in Rome, do as the Romans do	p. 62
Learning About Language	p. 63
Let's Write a Report	p. 63
Let's Write a Letter	p. 65
What's a Sentence?	p. 65
What Kind of Sentence Is It?	p. 67
Parts of Speech	p. 67
Nouns	p. 68
Adjectives	p. 68
Verbs	p. 68
Adverbs	p. 69
Pronouns	p. 69
More About Verbs	p. 70
Let's Punctuate!	p. 70
Just Say No Once	p. 71
Prefixes and Suffixes	p. 72
They Sound Alike, but They're Different	p. 73
Shorten Up with Abbreviations	p. 74
Geography and History
Introduction	p. 77
Suggested Resources	p. 77
World Geography	p. 78
Look at the Legend	p. 79
Great Rivers of the World	p. 79
Rivers of Asia	p. 81
Rivers of Africa	p. 83
Rivers of Europe	p. 84
Rivers of Australia	p. 84
Rivers of South America	p. 85
Rivers of North America	p. 86
World History	p. 88
Ancient Rome	p. 88
The Legend of How Rome Began	p. 89
Religion, Roman Style	p. 90
Rome's Powerful Location	p. 91
Rome's Early Republic	p. 91
Who's Got Class?	p. 92
Rome and Its Provinces	p. 92
Latin Lives!	p. 93
Conquering Carthage	p. 93
Hannibal Keeps His Promise	p. 95
The Final Defeat of Carthage	p. 96
All Roads Lead to Rome	p. 96
Julius Caesar Shows the Pirates Who's Boss	p. 97
Pompey, Caesar's Rival	p. 98
Crossing the Rubicon	p. 98
Caesar Meets Cleopatra	p. 99
Pride Comes Before a Fall	p. 100
All for Love--and Power	p. 100
Octavian Becomes Augustus Caesar	p. 101
Pax Romana	p. 102
Downtown in the Roman Empire	p. 103
Where's the Spaghetti?	p. 104
Roman Sports: Play at Your Own Risk	p. 105
Let's Go to the Races!	p. 106
Pompeii: A City Frozen in Time	p. 107
A Long Line of Emperors	p. 109
Nero: Not a Hero	p. 109
Christians During the Days of Ancient Rome	p. 110
The Beginning of the End for the Empire	p. 111
Constantine Sees a Burning Cross	p. 111
Constantinople: A City Full of Art	p. 112
The Fall of the Roman Empire	p. 112
Justinian's Code: A Gift from the Byzantine Empire	p. 114
The Vikings: Raiders and Traders from the North	p. 114
The Long, Dark Winter Night	p. 114
Who Were the Vikings?	p. 116
Good Guys or Bad Guys?	p. 116
Men of the Sea	p. 117
Eric the Red	p. 118
Leif the Lucky	p. 118
American History	p. 120
Crossing the Land Bridge	p. 120
The Inuits	p. 120
The Mound Builders	p. 122
Cliff Dwellers: The Anasazi	p. 123
The Pueblo People	p. 123
The Apaches and the Navajos	p. 124
Eastern Woodland Peoples	p. 126
A Day with Little Thunder	p. 126
Early Morning	p. 127
The Day's Work	p. 127
Let the Games Begin	p. 129
The Chief Sachem Speaks	p. 129
Early Explorers in North America	p. 130
A "New World" for Europeans	p. 130
A Fountain of Youth?	p. 131
De Soto's Cruel Quest	p. 132
The First Lasting European Settlement	p. 133
In Search of the Cities of Gold	p. 134
Spanish Missions	p. 135
Up North	p. 136
Seeking a Northwest Passage	p. 136
The Sad Story of Henry Hudson	p. 137
Fur Trade in New France	p. 139
English Colonies in North America	p. 140
Thirteen Colonies	p. 140
Jamestown: Dreaming Big	p. 142
Smith Lays Down the Law	p. 142
The Powhatans and the English	p. 144
The Starving Time	p. 145
A Cash Crop	p. 146
Ladies and Laws	p. 146
The Arrival of the Africans	p. 146
The Pilgrims at Plymouth	p. 147
The Mayflower Compact	p. 148
A "Wild and Savage" Land	p. 149
The Pilgrims and the Wampanoags	p. 149
Peace and Plenty: Thanksgiving	p. 150
Massachusetts Bay: The Puritans	p. 151
People of the Book	p. 152
Roger Williams and Rhode Island	p. 152
Anne Hutchinson	p. 153
One People's Prosperity, Another's Peril	p. 154
Refuge for Other Religions: Maryland and Pennsylvania	p. 155
A Refuge for Catholics	p. 156
New Netherland	p. 157
Charles's Carolina	p. 158
A Debtor's Tale	p. 159
The Slave Trade	p. 159
Visual Arts
Introduction	p. 163
Suggested Resources	p. 163
Caught in the Light	p. 164
Out of the Shadows	p. 165
A Wall Filled with Light	p. 166
Filling a Space	p. 167
Speaking of Space	p. 170
Design	p. 170
Using Line to Design	p. 171
Lines, Shapes, and Colors Move	p. 172
Drawing with Scissors	p. 174
A Very Formal Room	p. 174
Picturing an Idea	p. 175
Can You Feel It?	p. 176
A Quilt That Tells a Story	p. 177
Over and Under with Wool and Thread	p. 178
A Painting Made Without Brushes or Paint	p. 179
Music
Introduction	p. 183
Suggested Resources	p. 183
Elements of Music	p. 184
Reading and Writing Musical Notes	p. 184
Reading and Writing Rhythm	p. 186
Keeping Time	p. 188
Rests	p. 189
Loud and Soft	p. 189
Let's Join the Orchestra	p. 190
Percussion and Strings	p. 190
The Brass Family	p. 191
The Woodwind Family	p. 193
All Together Now	p. 194
Composers and Their Music	p. 195
Musical Connections	p. 195
Tchaikovsky: Music That Brings Strong Feeling	p. 195
The Story of Swan Lake	p. 196
John Philip Sousa: The March King	p. 198
Aaron Copland: Making American Music	p. 199
Some Songs for Third Graders	p. 200
Alouette	p. 200
Hey-Ho, Nobody Home	p. 200
Li'l Liza Jane	p. 201
Down in the Valley	p. 202
Polly Wolly Doodle	p. 203
Simple Gifts	p. 203
This Little Light	p. 204
He's Got the Whole World in His Hands	p. 204
My Bonnie	p. 205
The Sidewalks of New York	p. 205
The Man on the Flying Trapeze	p. 206
In the Good Old Summertime	p. 206
A Bicycle Built for Two	p. 207
You're a Grand Old Flag	p. 208
America	p. 208
Mathematics
Introduction	p. 211
Suggested Resources	p. 211
Multiplication--Part One	p. 212
Multiplication Words	p. 212
Multiplying Vertically	p. 212
Showing Multiplication	p. 212
The Multiplication Table	p. 214
Square Numbers and Square Roots	p. 215
Parentheses, Multiplying Three Numbers	p. 216
Division--Part One	p. 217
Operations	p. 217
An Example of Division	p. 217
Solving Division Problems	p. 218
Division Words	p. 219
Division Facts	p. 219
Division Rules for 0 and 1	p. 221
Division Word Problems	p. 222
Picturing Multiplication and Division Facts	p. 224
Picturing Multiplication and Division Facts with Blank Spaces	p. 224
Division and Fractions	p. 225
Numbers Through Hundred Thousands	p. 227
Thousands	p. 227
Reading and Writing Four-Digit Numbers	p. 228
Ten Thousands and Hundred Thousands	p. 229
Expanded Form	p. 230
Counting with Thousands	p. 230
Skip-Counting with Thousands	p. 231
Rounding Numbers	p. 231
Comparing and Ordering Thousands	p. 232
Working with Numbers	p. 233
Equations and Inequalities	p. 233
Ordinal Numbers Through One-Hundredth	p. 233
Using Number Lines	p. 234
Addition and Subtraction	p. 235
Column Addition	p. 235
Mental Addition	p. 236
More Mental Addition Techniques	p. 236
Estimating Sums and Differences	p. 237
More Than One Operation	p. 238
Mental Subtraction	p. 239
Sums and Differences of Four-Digit Numbers	p. 240
Adding with Thousands	p. 240
Subtraction: Regrouping More Than Once	p. 242
Subtracting Across Zeros	p. 242
Four-Digit Subtraction	p. 243
Adding and Subtracting Amounts of Money	p. 244
Mental Addition and Subtraction	p. 244
Time, Money, and Graphs	p. 245
Time to the Minute	p. 245
Elapsed Time in Minutes	p. 246
Working with the Calendar	p. 247
Writing Dates	p. 248
Money	p. 249
Reading and Writing Graphs	p. 251
Geometry	p. 253
Polygons	p. 253
Angles	p. 255
Congruent and Symmetric Figures	p. 256
Perimeter	p. 257
Area	p. 258
Solids	p. 259
Measurement	p. 261
The U.S. Customary System and the Metric System	p. 261
Measurement Word Problems	p. 263
Measure and Draw Line Segments	p. 264
Estimating Linear Measurements	p. 265
Measuring Weight	p. 266
Measuring Volume	p. 267
Measuring Temperature	p. 268
Multiplication--Part Two	p. 269
Multiplying Tens, Hundreds, and Thousands	p. 269
A Way to Multiply	p. 269
The Short Way to Multiply	p. 271
Multiplying Three-Digit and Four-Digit Numbers	p. 271
Checking Multiplication	p. 273
Another Way to Write Expanded Form	p. 274
Solving Word Problems Using Multiplication	p. 274
Division--Part Two	p. 275
Remainders	p. 275
Dividing Tens, Hundreds, and Thousands	p. 276
Two-Digit Quotients	p. 276
Checking Division	p. 278
Dividing Three-Digit Numbers	p. 278
Roman Numerals	p. 280
Fractions	p. 281
Numerator and Denominator	p. 281
Recognizing Fractions from 1/2 to 1/10	p. 282
Equivalent Fractions	p. 282
Comparing Fractions	p. 283
Mixed Numbers and Whole Numbers	p. 283
Decimals: Tenths	p. 284
Decimals and Hundredths	p. 284
Multiplying and Dividing Amounts of Money	p. 285
Word Problems	p. 286
A Two-Step Word Problem	p. 286
An Estimation Problem	p. 287
A Problem Where You Need to Guess	p. 287
Science
Introduction	p. 291
Suggested Resources	p. 291
Classifying Animals	p. 292
What Do They Have in Common?	p. 292
Does It Have a Backbone?	p. 293
Classifying the Vertebrates	p. 293
Fish	p. 294
Amphibians	p. 295
Reptiles	p. 295
Birds	p. 295
Mammals	p. 296
The Human Body: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems	p. 297
Muscle and Bone	p. 297
Bones and Connections	p. 297
The Skull	p. 299
The Spinal Column	p. 299
The Ribs	p. 299
The Scapula	p. 299
The Pelvis	p. 300
Will You Sign My Cast?	p. 301
Many Muscles	p. 301
Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles	p. 303
Connecting Muscles and Bones	p. 303
The Human Body: The Brain and Nervous System	p. 304
Your Powerful Brain	p. 304
You've Got Nerves	p. 305
Reflex Responses	p. 306
Light and Vision	p. 307
Fast and Straight	p. 307
Mirrors Flat and Curved	p. 307
Lenses	p. 309
What Color Is Light?	p. 310
How Your Eyes See	p. 311
Sound and Hearing	p. 315
Good Vibrations	p. 315
What Does Sound Travel Through?	p. 315
The Speed of Sound	p. 316
Loud and Quiet	p. 317
High and Low	p. 317
How the Ear Works	p. 318
Astronomy	p. 320
The Universe: Big and Getting Bigger!	p. 320
How Do We Learn About Outer Space?	p. 321
Our Solar System	p. 322
Planets in Motion: Orbit and Rotation	p. 324
Earth's Satellite: The Moon	p. 326
The Force of Gravity	p. 328
When Day Becomes Night: A Solar Eclipse	p. 330
The Inner Planets	p. 331
Mercury	p. 331
Venus	p. 331
Earth	p. 332
Mars	p. 333
The Asteroid Belt	p. 333
The Outer Planets	p. 334
Jupiter	p. 334
Saturn	p. 335
Uranus	p. 335
Neptune	p. 335
Pluto	p. 336
Dirty Snowballs and Shooting Stars	p. 336
Constellations: Shapes in the Stars	p. 337
The Space Shuttle	p. 338
Ecology	p. 339
The Natural World	p. 339
Living Things Depend on Each Other	p. 339
How Natural Cycles Work	p. 340
Depending on Each Other	p. 341
A Web of Living Things	p. 342
Hold Your Breath!	p. 343
Should You Drink the Water?	p. 343
Conservation and Recycling	p. 344
The Lives of Famous Scientists	p. 345
Nicolaus Copernicus	p. 345
John Muir	p. 346
Alexander Graham Bell	p. 347
Women on the Final Frontier	p. 348
Illustration and Photo Credits	p. 351
Text Credits and Sources	p. 353
Index	p. 355
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