Wheelchair Selection and Configuration

by Cooper, Rory A.

• ISBN13: 9781888799187
• ISBN10: 1888799188
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-09-01
• Publisher: Demos Medical Pub

Summary

This is the definitive text for everyone concerned with wheelchair selection, including physical and occupational therapists, physiatrists, and other health care providers involved with helping patients to achieve optimal seating.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
1 Wheelchairs as an Extension of Self	1	(20)
1.1 Introduction	1	(1)
1.2 History of Wheelchairs and Seating Systems	2	(5)
1.3 Advocacy and Technology: Partners for a Better Life	7	(3)
1.4 Disability and Wheelchair Users	10	(2)
1.5 Maximizing Abilities	12	(2)
1.6 Building Coalitions: The Concept of Interdependence	14	(1)
1.7 Get Out There	14	(3)
1.8 Summary	17	(1)
References and Further Reading	17	(4)
2 Wheelchair Measurement	21	(22)
2.1 Introduction	21	(1)
2.2 Body Measurements	21	(3)
2.3 Standardized Wheelchair Seating Measurements	24	(10)
2.4 Basic Wheelchair Human Factors	34	(7)
2.5 Summary	41	(1)
References and Further Reading	42	(1)
3 Wheelchair Engineering Fundamentals	43	(46)
3.1 Introduction	43	(1)
3.2 Fundamental Mathematics of Engineering	43	(12)
3.3 Mechanics of Motion	55	(24)
3.4 Basic Mechanics of Materials	79	(3)
3.5 Properties of Materials	82	(3)
3.6 Fabrication	85	(2)
3.7 Summary	87	(1)
References and Further Reading	87	(2)
4 Biomechanics and Ergonomics of Wheelchairs	89	(38)
4.1 Wheelchair User Disability Etiology	89	(1)
4.2 Anthropometry Related to Wheelchairs and Seating	90	(4)
4.3 Secondary Injury Related to Wheelchair Mobility	94	(4)
4.4 Physical Activity and Wheelchair Propulsion	98	(4)
4.5 Biomechanics of Wheelchair Propulsion	102	(14)
4.6 Biomechanics of Seating	116	(3)
4.7 Access System Biomechanics	119	(3)
References and Further Reading	122	(5)
5 Wheelchair Electronics Fundamentals	127	(38)
5.1 Introduction	127	(2)
5.2 Basic Electrical Parameters	129	(4)
5.3 Basic Electronic Components	133	(17)
5.4 Basic Electrical Safety	150	(3)
5.5 Electromechanical Components	153	(5)
5.6 Basic Computers	158	(5)
References and Further Reading	163	(2)
6 Wheelchair Standards and Testing	165	(34)
6.1 Introduction	165	(1)
6.2 Development of Standards	166	(3)
6.3 Information Disclosure	169	(1)
6.4 Performance Testing	169	(7)
6.5 Sample Normative Values	176	(10)
6.6 Safety Testing	186	(6)
6.7 Cost Analysis	192	(1)
6.8 Reliability and Failure Modes	193	(2)
References and Further Reading	195	(4)
7 Manual Wheelchairs	199	(28)
7.1 Introduction	199	(5)
7.2 Frame Styles	204	(9)
7.3 Wheels and Casters	213	(4)
7.4 The Wheelchair User Interface	217	(3)
7.5 Legrests	220	(1)
7.6 Armrests and Clothing Guards	221	(1)
7.7 Wheel Locks	222	(1)
7.8 Propulsion and Performance	223	(2)
References and Further Reading	225	(2)
8 Powered Mobility	227	(26)
8.1 Introduction	227	(2)
8.2 Differentiation of Powered Wheelchairs	229	(6)
8.3 Assessment and Selection	235	(2)
8.4 Access Devices	237	(4)
8.5 Integrated Controls	241	(2)
8.6 Batteries	243	(1)
8.7 Electrical Systems	244	(1)
8.8 Drive Trains	245	(1)
8.9 Performance Characteristics	246	(1)
References and Further Reading	247	(6)
9 Specialized Wheelchairs	253	(18)
9.1 Reclining Wheelchairs	253	(2)
9.2 Tilt-in-Space Wheelchairs	255	(2)
9.3 Variable Seat Height Wheelchairs	257	(2)
9.4 Stand-up Wheelchairs	259	(4)
9.5 Mobile Standing Frames	263	(1)
9.6 Stair Climbing	264	(4)
References and Further Reading	268	(3)
10 Sports and Alternative Wheelchairs	271	(26)
10.1 Introduction	271	(1)
10.2 Racing Wheelchairs	272	(8)
10.3 Field Event Chairs	280	(2)
10.4 Off-Road Wheelchairs and All-Terrain Vehicles	282	(2)
10.5 Beach Wheelchairs	284	(1)
10.6 Court Sports Wheelchairs	285	(4)
10.7 Lever-Drive Wheelchairs	289	(1)
10.8 Arm-Crank Vehicles	290	(4)
References and Further Reading	294	(3)
11 Selection of Seat Cushions	297	(28)
11.1 Stresses in Seated Tissue	297	(1)
11.2 Seating Interface Response	298	(4)
11.3 Pressure Measurement Systems	302	(7)
11.4 Properties of Pressure Relief Cushions	309	(10)
11.5 Computerized Shape Measurement	319	(2)
References and Further Reading	321	(4)
12 Specialized Seating Systems	325	(24)
12.1 Introduction	325	(2)
12.2 Leg and Feet Supports	327	(3)
12.3 Armrests	330	(3)
12.4 Pelvic Positioning	333	(1)
12.5 Back Supports	334	(4)
12.6 Chest Supports	338	(2)
12.7 Head Supports	340	(2)
12.8 Custom Postural Support Hardware	342	(4)
References and Further Reading	346	(3)
13 Principles of Assessment and Intervention	349	(22)
13.1 Interview Techniques	349	(1)
13.2 Task Analysis	350	(4)
13.3 Performance Measurement	354	(3)
13.4 Team Assessment	357	(1)
13.5 Computerized Assessment	358	(1)
13.6 Service Delivery Systems	359	(2)
13.7 Funding Considerations	361	(2)
13.8 Documentation	363	(1)
13.9 Quality Assurance	364	(6)
References and Further Reading	370	(1)
14 Wheelchair Adjustment and Maintenance	371	(26)
14.1 Wheelchair Adjustments	371	(5)
14.2 Seating System Adjustments	376	(5)
14.3 Wheelchair Manufacturing and Modifications	381	(7)
14.4 User Maintenance	388	(2)
14.5 Service Center Maintenance	390	(5)
References and Further Reading	395	(2)
Appendices	397	(4)
Appendix A: Partial List of Consumer and Professional Organizations and Services	397	(1)
Appendix B: United States Research and Training Funding Agencies	398	(1)
Appendix C: Journals and Periodicals Related to Wheelchairs	398	(3)
Index	401