Who Built America? Vol. 1 : To 1877

by American Social History Project; Christopher Clark; Nancy Hewitt; Nelson Lichten

• ISBN13: 9781572593022
• ISBN10: 1572593024
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Trade Paper
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Table of Contents

part one: Colonization and Revolution, 1492--1815	2	(296)
A Meeting of Three Worlds: Europe Colonizes the Americas, 1492--1680	6	(58)
Peoples of the New World	8	(6)
Europe: The Background to Overseas Expansion	14	(2)
West African Societies	16	(5)
Portugal, Spain, and American Colonization	21	(5)
The Need for Labor	26	(1)
Africa and the American Slave Trade	27	(6)
The Dutch, French, and English in North America	33	(4)
The Roots of English Migration to America	37	(3)
Colonizing the Chesapeake	40	(5)
Colonizing New England	45	(2)
The English Revolution and Its Effects on the Colonies	47	(3)
Native Americans: Collapse, Resistance, Exchange	50	(6)
The Remaking of Three Worlds	56	(2)
The Years in Review	58	(3)
Suggested Readings	61	(2)
And on the World Wide Web	63	(1)
Servitude, Slavery, and the Growth of the Southern Colonies, 1620--1760	64	(56)
The Southern Colonies in Context	67	(2)
The Demand for Labor: Servitude in the Chesapeake	69	(8)
Conditions in the Chesapeake: 1650s to 1670s	77	(3)
Bacon's Rebellion of 1676: A Turning Point in the Chesapeake	80	(4)
From Servitude to Slavery	84	(3)
The Spread of Slavery to the Carolinas and Georgia	87	(7)
African-American Culture in the South	94	(5)
The Fear of Slave Rebellion	99	(5)
Slave Societies: Material Prosperity and Inequality	104	(5)
Slave Societies: Deference and Conflict	109	(2)
The Challenge of the Great Awakening	111	(2)
Southern Society at Mid Eighteenth Century	113	(2)
The Years in Review	115	(3)
Suggested Readings	118	(1)
And on the World Wide Web	119	(1)
Family Labor and the Growth of the Northern Colonies, 1640--1760	120	(60)
Freeholders in Early New England	123	(4)
Equality and Inequality in Puritan Society	127	(3)
Conflict with Indians	130	(5)
Early Proprietors in the Middle Colonies	135	(4)
The Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689	139	(1)
How the Iroquois Set Limits on Settlement	140	(2)
Patterns on the Land: The Eighteenth Century	142	(2)
Rural Societies	144	(7)
Cities by the Sea	151	(3)
Urban Elites	154	(2)
Artisans, Laborers, and Seamen	156	(3)
The Unfree: Servants and Slaves	159	(4)
Government and Power in the Colonial North	163	(3)
Direct Action and Popular Politics	166	(3)
Growing Tension: Northern Colonies in the Mid Eighteenth Century	169	(6)
The Years in Review	175	(3)
Suggested Readings	178	(1)
And on the World Wide Web	179	(1)
Toward Revolution, 1750--1776	180	(56)
Why Were the Thirteen Colonies Primed for Rebellion?	183	(3)
Political and Social Tensions in the Thirteen Colonies	186	(2)
Land Rioters and Demands for Freehold Rights	188	(3)
Conflict on the Frontier	191	(3)
Britain's Imperial Triumph	194	(4)
The Costs of War	198	(5)
The Stamp Act and Townshend Duties Crises	203	(2)
Elite Protest	205	(2)
Popular Protest	207	(7)
Resistance Becomes Revolution	214	(7)
War Begins	221	(3)
The People Take Sides	224	(5)
Independence	229	(2)
The Years in Review	231	(3)
Suggested Readings	234	(1)
And on the World Wide Web	235	(1)
Revolution, Constitution, and the People, 1776--1815	236	(62)
The Toils of War	238	(7)
War on the Frontier	245	(2)
The Movement for a People's Government	247	(4)
The Limits to Democratization	251	(2)
Conflict Over Economic Issues	253	(4)
Slaves and the American Revolution	257	(6)
Revolutionary Rhetoric and New Possibilities	263	(2)
Constitution and Compromise	265	(4)
Elites and the People: The Fight for Ratification	269	(5)
Securing a Bill of Rights	274	(1)
American Society: Competing Visions	275	(5)
Opportunity for Some, Exclusion for Others	280	(3)
Revolution and Territory: Crisis in the Spanish Empire	283	(3)
Revolution and Territory: Indian Resistance	286	(4)
Legacies of Revolution	290	(2)
The Years in Review	292	(3)
Suggested Readings	295	(2)
And on the World Wide Web	297	(1)
part two: Free Labor and Slavery, 1790--1850	298	(236)
The Consolidation of Slavery, 1790--1836	302	(54)
The Invention of the Cotton Gin	305	(2)
Territorial Expansion and New Opportunities	307	(5)
War in 1812, Compromise in 1820	312	(4)
American Indians: Resistance and Retreat	316	(4)
Native Americans Seek Justice but Face Removal	320	(2)
Cotton, Rice, Tobacco, and Sugar: Crops, Regions, and Labor Organization	322	(6)
The Internal Slave Trade	328	(2)
The Planter Class	330	(4)
Poor Whites and Small Farmers Engulfed in a Slave Society	334	(2)
Evangelical Religion in Black and White	336	(3)
A Battle of Wills: Daily Resistance and Open Rebellion	339	(3)
The Failure of Gradual Emancipation in the South	342	(4)
The South's Free Blacks Face a Reign of Terror	346	(2)
The Planter Class Consolidates Power	348	(3)
The Years in Review	351	(3)
Suggested Readings	354	(1)
And on the World Wide Web	355	(1)
Northern Society and the Growth of Wage Labor, 1790--1837	356	(62)
Early Nineteenth-Century Ideology: An Agrarian Republic and ``Natural Aristocracy''	359	(1)
The Rural North in the Early Nineteenth Century	360	(3)
Towns and Commerce in the Early Nineteenth Century	363	(1)
Start of a Transformation: Manufacturing, Urbanization, and Westward Expansion	364	(3)
Improvements in Communication	367	(4)
The Beginnings of an Industrial Revolution	371	(3)
Industrialization and Social Stratification	374	(2)
Jacksonian Democracy	376	(3)
The New Middle Class and Family Ideals	379	(3)
Evangelical Revivals and Social Reform	382	(3)
Paths to Wage Labor: Artisans and Outworkers	385	(6)
Paths to Wage Labor: Manual Laborers and Factory Operatives	391	(4)
Working People Resist Capitalism	395	(3)
The Workingmen's Movement	398	(3)
Strikes and Protests	401	(4)
Two Outlooks: Morality or the Market?	405	(3)
Depression and Crisis in Northern Society	408	(4)
The Years in Review	412	(3)
Suggested Readings	415	(2)
And on the World Wide Web	417	(1)
Immigration, Urban Life, and Social Reform in the Free Labor North, 1838--1855	418	(58)
An Era of Technological and Economic Expansion	421	(4)
A Changing World for Northern Working People	425	(3)
Immigrants Swell the Wage Labor Ranks	428	(4)
Irish Americans Trade Famine for Unskilled Labor	432	(3)
Germans Migrate Toward Crafts and Farms	435	(1)
Scandinavian, British, and Canadian Immigrants Find Opportunity	436	(2)
African Americans in the Free Labor North	438	(2)
Wage-Earning Women Expand Their Sphere But Not Their Rights	440	(3)
Attacks on Immigrants, African Americans, and Workers	443	(4)
Leisure Activities in an Industrial Age	447	(4)
Urban Disorder and Class Conflict	451	(4)
Middle-Class Efforts at Moral Reform	455	(1)
Radical Evangelicalism, Communal Experiments, and Cooperative Enterprises	456	(5)
Movements for Land Reform	461	(2)
Women Reformers Seek Rights for Themselves	463	(3)
Abolitionists Fight Slavery and Each Other	466	(1)
Political Parties Compete for the Electorate	467	(4)
The Years in Review	471	(2)
Suggested Readings	473	(2)
And on the World Wide Web	475	(1)
Crises Over Slavery, 1836--1848	476	(58)
The Master's Domain	479	(5)
The Ties That Bind: Religion and Slavery	484	(3)
Forms of Slave Resistance and Community	487	(3)
Native and African-American Rebellion on the Frontier	490	(3)
Free Blacks Threaten Planter Control	493	(4)
Can Western Expansion Ease the Conflicts?	497	(5)
The Ravages of the Internal Slave Trade	502	(4)
The Tensions of Plantation Life among Whites	506	(2)
The Proslavery Movement	508	(5)
The Limits of Economic Diversification	513	(4)
The Lure of New Territories	517	(3)
The War with Mexico	520	(4)
Manifest Destiny and Conflict over Slavery in the New Territories	524	(3)
The Conflict over Slavery Intensifies	527	(2)
The Years in Review	529	(3)
Suggested Readings	532	(1)
And on the World Wide Web	533	(1)
part three: War, Reconstruction, and Labor (1848--1877)	534
Manifest Destiny and the Deepening Rift Over Slavery, 1848--1860	538	(56)
Western Lands, Western Peoples	540	(5)
The Gold Rush	545	(2)
Workers in the West	547	(5)
An Uneasy Compromise	552	(7)
The Plight of Free Labor	559	(6)
Broken Convenant: The Kansas-Nebraska Act	565	(3)
Bleeding Kansas	568	(3)
Birth of the Republican Party	571	(5)
Defending the Rights of Labor	576	(4)
White Southerners Respond to Free Labor's Claims	580	(3)
The ``Worst Oppressed''	583	(1)
Toward a Showdown: The Raid on Harpers Ferry	584	(3)
A House Divided	587	(2)
The Years in Review	589	(3)
Suggested Readings	592	(1)
And on the World Wide Web	593	(1)
The Civil War: America's Second Revolution, 1861--1865	594	(62)
The Forces Driving Secession	596	(2)
Southerners Debate Secession	598	(2)
The North Assesses the Price of Peace	600	(3)
The War for the Union	603	(6)
The War against Slavery	609	(4)
The Bittersweet Taste of Freedom	613	(3)
Union Officials Consider Emancipation	616	(3)
Soldiers' Lives	619	(5)
War Transforms the North	624	(4)
Dissent and Protest in the Union States	628	(3)
Building Consensus Through Victory	631	(4)
African Americans in the War	635	(4)
War Transforms the South	639	(2)
Dissent and Protest in the Confederate States	641	(6)
The War's End	647	(4)
The Years in Review	651	(2)
Suggested Readings	653	(2)
And on the World Wide Web	655	(1)
Reconstructing an American Nation: 1865--1877	656
Freedpeople Explore the Meaning of Freedom	659	(4)
Freedpeople Need Votes and Land	663	(3)
Reconstruction: President Johnson Versus Congress	666	(7)
African Americans Become a Political Force in Southern Politics	673	(6)
Southern Democrats and the Klan ``Redeem'' the South	679	(6)
Railroads and the Settlers Move West	685	(2)
Intergroup Conflict in the West	687	(5)
Railroads Give Rise to Big Business	692	(2)
Wage Earners: White Laborers, Immigrants, and Women	694	(4)
An American Labor Movement Emerges	698	(3)
Racism and Sexism Stall the Labor Movement	701	(4)
The Panic of 1873 and Its Effects	705	(6)
The Final Assault on Reconstruction	711	(4)
The Great Uprising of 1877	715	(2)
The Years in Review	717	(2)
Suggested Readings	719	(2)
And on the World Wide Web	721
appendix 1 The Declaration of Independence	A-1
index	I-1