Who Cares?

by Jenson, Jane; Sineau, Mariette; Bimbi, Franca; Daune-Richard, Anne-Marie; Sala, Vincent Della

• ISBN13: 9780802086273
• ISBN10: 0802086276
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-04-01
• Publisher: Univ of Toronto Pr

Summary

By focusing on childcare and systematically comparing national experiences in Belgium, France, Italy, Sweden, and the European Union, Who Cares? provides detailed information on recent social policies and a clear perspective on welfare state redesign.

Author Biography

Jane Jenson is Professor, Department of Political Science, UniversitT de MontrTal. Mariette Sineau is Director of Research, Conseil national de la recherche scientifique and Chercheure, CEVIPOF, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Paris.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	ix
1. The Care Dimension in Welfare State Redesign	3	(16)
Jane Jenson and Mariette Sineau
Welfare States and Care	6	(2)
Care and Citizenship Regimes	8	(4)
Childcare and Public Policy	12	(7)
2. New Contexts, New Policies	19	(37)
Jane Jenson and Mariette Sineau
A New Demographic and Sociological Context	20	(13)
The Baby Boom Ends	21	(2)
The End of Full Employment	23	(2)
Yet Women Are Staying in the Labour Force	25	(4)
New Patterns of Employment	29	(4)
Employment Policy: Confronting 'Flexibility' and Unemployment	33	(4)
Moving towards Flexibility	34	(1)
The Struggle against Unemployment	35	(2)
Family Policies Caught up in Welfare State Redesign	37	(4)
Changing Institutions: Decentralizing the State and Offloading to the Market	41	(18)
Belgium: Moving towards Federalism	42	(3)
Italy: Regions Take Their Place	45	(2)
French Jacobinism Adapts	47	(2)
Sweden Decentralizes	49	(3)
The European Union Arrives	52	(4)
3. Belgium: The Vices and Virtues of Pragmatism	56	(32)
Bérengère Marques-Pereira and Olivier Paye
Egalitarian Citizenship at the Height of the Welfare State	59	(11)
The Difficult Birth of the FESC	62	(3)
The Aborted Child-Rearing Allowance	65	(5)
The Egalitarian Model Tested by the Economic Crisis	70	(12)
Tax Reform and Childcare	72	(4)
The Impact of Employment Policies on Childcare	76	(6)
Towards a Frontal Assault on the Egalitarian Model?	82	(6)
4. France: Reconciling Republican Equality with 'Freedom of Choice'	88	(30)
Jane Denson and Mariette Sineau
Upheaval and Crisis: Modernity and Ambivalence in the Giscardian Years	90	(4)
Modernity and the Politics of Childcare	90	(1)
Ambivalence	91	(2)
The Direction of Change Is Set: The 1977 Parental Leave	93	(1)
The Crisis Continues: The Invention of New Services	94	(12)
Support for Day Nurseries: The Weak Link in the Chain	95	(2)
Individualized and Targeted Solutions	97	(1)
Parental Leave: The Labour Code Becomes Family Oriented	98	(1)
The Parental Child-Rearing Allowance of 1984 and 1986: Paying Mothers to Care	98	(3)
Save Some Time, Employ Someone: Two Subsidies for Hiring a Childminder	101	(3)
Part-Time Work	104	(1)
The 1994 Reform	105	(1)
Freedom of Choice versus Republican Equality?	106	(14)
The Presidents of the Republic	107	(4)
Governments and Parliaments	111	(7)
5. Italy: Policy without Participation	118	(28)
Franca Bimbi and Vincent Della Sala
The Long Arm of the Post-War Constitutional Compromise	120	(6)
Signs of Movement in the 1960's	126	(3)
The Missed Revolution? The 1970's	129	(9)
Folitical and Financial Crises in the 1990's	138	(8)
6. Sweden: Models in Crisis	146	(31)
Anne-Marie Daune-Richard and Riarme Mahon
The Modern Mother-Housewife in the 'Small World' of the People's Home	147	(2)
The 'Right to Be Human:' Towards the Egalitarian Model, 1960-1980	149	(10)
The Swedish Model(s) in Crisis?	159	(7)
The Egalitarian Model at the End of the Twentieth Century: Only a Parenthesis?	166	(11)
7. Europe: An Actor without a Role	177	(37)
George Ross
The Beginnings of Europe's Role	179	(4)
Reconciliation and Its Declensions	183	(5)
The Delors Commissions: Social and Family Policy	188	(10)
Family Policy	188	(2)
The Social Charter	190	(4)
Nested Narratives, Multiple Motives	194	(4)
Parental Leave: Detouring to Family Policy through the Maastricht Social Protocol	198	(5)
From Social Dialogue to Parental Leave	198	(5)
Concluding?	203	(11)
8. Comparing Childcare Programs: Commonalities Amid Variety	214	(26)
Jane Jenson and Mariette Sineau
Work and Family: A Variety of Policy Mixes	214	(3)
Publicly Financed and Provided Services for Young Children	217	(9)
Use and Access to Services	218	(1)
A Variety of Structures	219	(4)
Cost and Financing	223	(2)
General Trends	225	(1)
Privately Provided Childcare	226	(4)
Privately Purchased Childcare	228	(2)
Parental Leaves	230	(5)
Cared for by Mothers	235	(5)
9. Citizenship in the Era of Welfare State Redesign	240	(27)
Jane Jenson and Mariette Sineau
Post-War Citizenship Regimes and Ideas about Women's Work	242	(12)
The Post-War Dream: Children at Home with their Mothers	243	(3)
Another Value Arrives: Gender Equality	246	(3)
Childcare Choices in the New Conditions	249	(1)
Women's Work: New or Recycled Representations?	250	(4)
Common Patterns of Movement in Childcare Programs	254	(5)
Citizenship Rights in New Times	259	(8)
Bibliography	267	(24)
Contributors	291