Wildlife Ecology and Management

by Bolen, Eric G.; Robinson, William

• ISBN13: 9780138404222
• ISBN10: 0138404224
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

Summary

This exceptionally comprehensive, single-source introduction to the art, science, theories, practices, and issues of wildlife management is ideal for the novice in the subject. Features full-chapters on predators, urban wildlife, policy, water, soil, diseases, conservation biology. New, up-to-date issues covered include the removal of dams, global warming, emerging diseases among elk and deer, adaptive harvest management, animal rights groups, women hunters, population data, migratory animals and more. For anyone interested in an exceptionally comprehensive introduction to wildlife management and conservation.

Table of Contents

FOREWORD	XI	(2)
PREFACE	XIII
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT?	1	(6)
A Brief History	3	(2)
What Does a Wildlife Manager Do?	5	(1)
Summary	6	(1)
CHAPTER 2 NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION	7	(13)
In the Beginning	7	(3)
Bison: A Story of Near Extinction	10	(1)
The Passenger Pigeon: An American Tragedy	10	(2)
Others, Too, Are Gone	12	(2)
Wood Ducks, Wild Turkeys, and Other Near Extinctions	14	(1)
Problems of Excess: Reindeer, Deer, and Blackbirds	15	(2)
Predator Control: Bounties, Baits, and Blunders	17	(1)
Exotic Wildlife	18	(1)
Summary	18	(2)
CHAPTER 3 SOME SUCCESSES IN MANAGING WILDLIFE	20	(9)
Restoration of Bison	21	(1)
Lead Poisoning: Almost Gone	22	(2)
Return of Wood Ducks	24	(1)
Wild Turkeys: Turning Failure into Success	24	(1)
Restoration of Mammals in North America	25	(1)
Some Successes With Birds	26	(1)
Elusive Measures of Successful Management	27	(1)
Summary	28	(1)
CHAPTER 4 ECOSYSTEMS AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES	29	(16)
Matter and Energy	31	(3)
Range of Tolerance	34	(2)
Niche	36	(2)
Natural Communities-Changes in Time and Space	38	(3)
Succession and Wildlife Management	41	(1)
Diversity and Stability	42	(2)
Summary	44	(1)
CHAPTER 5 POPULATION ECOLOGY	45	(22)
Some Definitions,	46	(1)
The Logistic Equation	46	(3)
Field Studies	49	(2)
Births and Deaths	51	(4)
Sex Ratios and Mating Systems	51	(2)
Age-Specific Birthrates	53	(2)
Additive and Compensatory Mortality	55	(1)
Life Tables and Survivorship Curves	56	(2)
Sources of Population Data	58	(3)
Organization of a Population-Management Problem	61	(1)
Metapopulations	62	(1)
Population Models	63	(1)
The Human Population	64	(2)
Summary	66	(1)
CHAPTER 6 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT	67	(20)
Habitat Selection	67	(1)
Courtship Behavior	68	(2)
Reproductive Physiology and Behavior	70	(1)
Territorial Behavior	71	(2)
Sexual Segregation	73	(1)
Circadian Rhythms	73	(1)
Dispersal	74	(1)
Responses of Wildlife to Humans	74	(2)
Imprinting and Parental Care	76	(2)
Migration	78	(6)
Birds	78	(2)
Reptiles	80	(1)
Mammals	81	(3)
Managing Migratory Animals	84	(1)
Too Many Geese	85	(1)
Summary	86	(1)
CHAPTER 7 FOOD AND COVER	87	(26)
Food	87	(4)
Digestive Systems of Birds and Mammals	87	(3)
Energy	90	(1)
Carbohydrates	90	(1)
Fats	90	(1)
Proteins	91	(1)
Vitamins	91	(1)
Macronutrients	91	(1)
Micronutrients	91	(1)
Ecology and Evolution of Feeding Behavior and Defense	91	(7)
Quality of Food	93	(3)
Quantity of Food	96	(1)
Responses to Food Shortages	96	(2)
Physical Condition and Nutrition	98	(1)
Food Management	98	(4)
Cover	102	(7)
Cover As Shelter	103	(2)
Cover As Concealment	105	(4)
Edges and Edge Effect	109	(3)
Summary	112	(1)
CHAPTER 8 WILDLIFE DISEASES	113	(29)
Why Study Wildlife Diseases?	113	(5)
Perspectives	118	(4)
Diseases and Habitat	122	(5)
Diseases and Populations	127	(6)
Diseases and Biological Controls	133	(2)
Lyme Disease and Other "New" Diseases	135	(2)
Wildlife Diseases and Humans	137	(4)
Summary	141	(1)
CHAPTER 9 PREDATORS AND PREDATION	142	(28)
Predator Behavior and Prey Survival	143	(1)
Predation in Natural Communities	144	(16)
Theoretical Predator-Prey Systems	147	(1)
Laboratory Studies of Predator-Prey Systems	148	(1)
Field Observations of Predator-Prey Systems	149	(6)
Field Experiments with Predator-Prey Systems	155	(3)
Wolf Control in Alaska	158	(2)
Predation on Domestic Animals	160	(9)
Extent of the Problem	161	(1)
Control Methods	162	(2)
Effectiveness of Control Methods on Coyote Numbers	164	(2)
Effects of Coyote Control on Other Animals	166	(1)
Public Policy and Predator Control	166	(3)
Summary	169	(1)
CHAPTER 10 HUNTING AND TRAPPING	170	(19)
To Hunt or Not to Hunt	170	(4)
Women Hunters	174	(1)
The Effects of Hunting on Populations of Animals	174	(1)
Harvest and Hunting	175	(8)
Mallard	178	(2)
American Woodcock	180	(1)
Wild Turkey	180	(1)
Deer	181	(2)
Managing for the Hunter	183	(1)
Hunting by Native Peoples	183	(1)
Trapping and Furbearers	184	(4)
Trapping in Ontario	186	(1)
Traps	187	(1)
Trapping and Hunting Education	187	(1)
Summary	188	(1)
CHAPTER 11 WILDLIFE AND WATER	189	(40)
Some Properties of Water	189	(2)
Some Ecological Influences of Water	191	(2)
1996 Experimental Flood in the Grand Canyon	193	(1)
Water, Distribution, and Isolation	194	(2)
Water and Wildlife Populations	196	(3)
Physiological and Behavioral Responses	199	(5)
Water, Disasters, and Hard Times	204	(4)
Reservoir Effect and Management	208	(2)
Beaver, Water, and Wildlife	210	(2)
Alligators and Marsh Ecology	212	(1)
Oil, Water, and Birds Don't Mix	213	(3)
Water and Raw Sewage	216	(2)
"Acid Rain:" A Changing Environment	218	(5)
Water Developments and Wildlife	223	(5)
Summary	228	(1)
CHAPTER 12 WILDLIFE AND SOILS	229	(24)
Some Features of Soil	229	(5)
Some Influences of Soil on Wildlife	234	(12)
A Tropical Paradox	240	(5)
Desertification	245	(1)
Some Influences of Wildlife on Soils	246	(4)
Fertilization	250	(2)
Summary	252	(1)
CHAPTER 13 WILDLIFE AND FARMLANDS	253	(34)
Agriculture: A Brief History	253	(1)
What Has Happened to Farms and Farmland?	254	(4)
Farm Crops as Wildlife Food	258	(8)
Erosion, Sedimentation, and Wildlife	266	(3)
Agricultural Chemicals and Wildlife	269	(7)
some Kinds of Insecticides	271	(4)
Herbicides	275	(1)
Fertilizers	276	(1)
Farming for Wildlife	276	(9)
Shelterbelts	277	(3)
Odd Areas and Roadsides	280	(2)
Tillage	282	(3)
"Wildlife Partners" Calendars	285	(1)
Summary	285	(2)
CHAPTER 14 WILDLIFE AND RANGELANDS	287	(30)
Grasses	287	(2)
The Animal Unit	289	(1)
Management of Range Vegetation	289	(8)
Mechanical Methods	292	(2)
Herbicides	294	(2)
Fire	296	(1)
Grazing and Wildlife	297	(8)
Overgrazing	300	(2)
Grazing and Trout	302	(2)
Grazing Systems	304	(1)
Range Fires and Wildlife	305	(3)
Fencing	308	(2)
Burros and Rangelands	310	(1)
Game Ranching	311	(4)
An African Saga	314	(1)
Summary	315	(2)
CHAPTER 15 FOREST MANAGEMENT AND WILDLIFE	317	(21)
Some Basics of Forest Management	319	(2)
A System for Considering Needs of Forest Wildlife in Federal and State Forests	321	(1)
Clear-cutting and Wildlife	321	(3)
Snags	324	(1)
Deadwood and Fuel	325	(1)
Forest Fires and Wildlife	326	(3)
Old-Growth Forests--A Special Case?	329	(2)
Private Woodlands	331	(1)
Forest Management for Ruffed Grouse--An Example of Featured-Species Management	331	(6)
Summary	337	(1)
CHAPTER 16 WILDLIFE IN PARKS AND REFUGES	338	(20)
Enjoyment of Wildlife by Park Visitors	338	(3)
Hunting in Parks	341	(1)
National Parks	341	(3)
Overpopulation of Animals in Parks	344	(2)
Bears	346	(2)
Preservation, Human Populations, and Park Development	348	(3)
Refuges	351	(6)
State Wildlife Refuges	353	(1)
Management Overview	353	(1)
Some Functions of Refuges	353	(3)
1997 Organic Act	356	(1)
Problems	356	(1)
Summary	357	(1)
CHAPTER 17 URBAN WILDLIFE	358	(25)
Urban Wildlife Resources	360	(5)
Urban Monoculture	365	(1)
Urban Zones	366	(1)
Multiple-Use Management in the City	367	(3)
Aspects of Urban Management	370	(6)
Urban Wildlife as Pests	376	(6)
Summary	382	(1)
CHAPTER 18 EXOTIC WILDLIFE	383	(29)
The Case for Exotic Game	386	(9)
A Pattern of Success?	388	(1)
Reasons for Failure	389	(1)
Some Concerns about Exotics	390	(5)
North America's Outdoor Zoo	395	(6)
Transplants Within North America	401	(3)
Some North American Exports	404	(3)
For Better or Worse?	407	(2)
Guidelines and Policies	409	(1)
Summary	410	(2)
CHAPTER 19 NONGAME AND ENDANGERED WILDLIFE	412	(25)
Definition	413	(1)
Economic Values	413	(2)
An Unfinished Agenda	415	(1)
State Funding for Nongame Management	416	(1)
Status and Concerns of Nongame Management	417	(2)
Out of Africa: Vulture Restaurants	419	(1)
Endangered Species	420	(2)
A Brief History of Nongame and Endangered Species	422	(5)
Endangered Species Legislation	423	(4)
Triage: The Crush of Decision	427	(1)
Management of Endangered Species	428	(7)
Summary	435	(2)
CHAPTER 20 ECONOMICS OF WILDLIFE	437	(13)
Nonconsumptive Value of Wildlife	438	(1)
Economics of Fisheries	439	(1)
Farming wildlife	440	(2)
Economics of Sport Hunting	442	(4)
Economics of Mitigation	446	(2)
Beyond Dollars and Cents	448	(1)
Summary	449	(1)
CHAPTER 21 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT	450	(24)
"On the Ground" with Conservation Biology	452	(1)
Levels of Conservation Biology	452	(4)
Examples of Conservation Biology Interacting with Wildlife Management	456	(4)
Population Genetics	456	(1)
The Wolves of Isle Royale	457	(1)
Northern Spotted Owl	457	(3)
Conservation in Other Lands	460	(1)
Island Biogeography	461	(3)
Corridors	464	(2)
Songbirds and Fragmented Forests	466	(3)
Ecological Baselines	469	(1)
Minimum Viable Populations	470	(3)
Human Population	473	(1)
Summary	473	(1)
CHAPTER 22 WILDLIFE AS A PUBLIC TRUST	474	(40)
Sources	475	(1)
Agency Structure and Development	476	(6)
National Biological Service	482	(1)
New Training, New Profession	483	(1)
Policy and Wildlife Law	484	(5)
Biological Foundation	484	(1)
Enforcement	485	(4)
Policy: Social and Economic Factors	489	(1)
Policy: Scientific and Technological Factors	490	(1)
Legal Jurisdiction	491	(1)
National Policies	492	(6)
Lacey Act	492	(1)
Restoration Act	493	(1)
Land and Water Policies	494	(2)
National Environmental Policy Act	496	(2)
Policies of Sentiment	498	(3)
Public Attitudes	501	(3)
Who and What?	501	(1)
Americans and Issues	502	(1)
Public Awareness	503	(1)
Canadian Wildlife Service	504	(1)
Resource Management in Mexico: SEMARNAP	505	(1)
A Contrast in Europe	506	(6)
Summary	512	(2)
CHAPTER 23 CONCLUSION	514	(4)
GLOSSARY	518	(13)
LITERATURE CITED	531	(54)
INDEX	585