The Windows Serial Port Programming Handbook

by Bai; Ying

• ISBN13: 9780849322136
• ISBN10: 0849322138
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-19
• Publisher: Auerbach Public

Summary

The popularity of serial communications demands that additional serial port interfaces be developed to meet the expanding requirements of users. The Windows Serial Port Programming Handbook illustrates the principles and methods of developing various serial port interfaces using multiple languages. This hands-on and practical guide to serial interface programming enables you to develop sophisticated interfaces and apply them in real-world projects. Step by step and line by line, the Handbook clearly explains the interfacing techniques used for each different language. Examples from actual projects have been compiled and debugged, with detailed source code for each included on an accompanying CD-ROM.

Table of Contents

About the Author	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
The Fundamentals of Serial Port Communications	1	(88)
Introduction	1	(1)
Why Serial Port Communications Are Necessary	2	(1)
What Is Serial Port Communication?	3	(8)
RS-232	3	(1)
RS-422	3	(1)
RS-485	4	(1)
Universal Serial Bus (USB)	5	(1)
Controller Area Network (CAN)	6	(2)
CAN Standard Frame	8	(1)
CAN Extended Frame	8	(1)
Detecting and Signaling Errors	8	(1)
Firewire	9	(2)
Serial Port Communication Protocols	11	(13)
ASCII Code	11	(1)
DTE and DCE	12	(1)
Serial Data Format in TTL	12	(2)
Serial Data Format in Transmission Lines	14	(1)
Baud Rate	15	(1)
Parity	15	(1)
Serial Signal Handshaking and the Physical Connector	16	(2)
DB-9 Connector	18	(3)
DB-25 Connector	21	(2)
Serial Signal Timing	23	(1)
Serial Port Cabling	24	(2)
PC-to-Modem Cabling	24	(1)
Null Modem Cabling	25	(1)
The Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)	26	(26)
Two Types of UARTs	28	(2)
UART Model Numbers	30	(1)
The UART Transmitter	30	(2)
The UART Receiver	32	(1)
Addressing the UART	33	(1)
The 8250 UART	33	(1)
8250 Architecture	34	(1)
8250 Internal Registers	35	(2)
8250 Register Functionality	37	(8)
The 8250 UART Interrupt Operations	45	(5)
The 16550 UART	50	(1)
The Receiver Buffer Register (RBR)	50	(1)
The FIFO Control Register (FCR)	51	(1)
The Line Status Register (LSR)	51	(1)
Modems and Flow Control	52	(15)
Modem and Modem Control	52	(2)
Internal Modem and External Modem	54	(1)
Modulation and Demodulation	54	(1)
Amplitude Modulation	54	(1)
Frequency Modulation	55	(1)
Phase Modulation	55	(1)
Other Modulations	56	(1)
Modem Control	57	(1)
Flow Control and File Transfer Control	57	(1)
Hardware Flow Control	57	(1)
Software Flow Control	58	(1)
File Transfer Control	59	(1)
The XMODEM Protocol	59	(2)
The XMODEM-CRC Protocol	61	(1)
The XMODEM-1K Protocol	62	(1)
The YMODEM Protocol	63	(1)
The YMODEM-G Protocol	64	(1)
The ZMODEM Protocol	64	(1)
The Kermit Protocol	65	(2)
Serial Communication Errors and Error Detection	67	(3)
Block Redundancy---Checksum	67	(1)
The Classical CRC Algorithm	68	(2)
Variations of CRC	70	(1)
Serial Communications with the RS-422 and RS-485	70	(19)
Basics of the RS-422 Standard	72	(1)
Basics of the RS-485 Standard	73	(1)
The Operational Principle of the RS-485	73	(16)
Serial Port Programming for MS-DOS in ANSI C and Assembly Languages	89	(94)
Introduction	89	(2)
Virtual Machines	89	(1)
MS-DOS-Compatible ANSI C Programming	89	(2)
A Loopback Serial Port Testing Program Developed in ANSI C	91	(4)
A Loopback Testing Program Developed in C	92	(1)
The _outp() and _inp() Functions	92	(1)
The Detailed Program Code	92	(3)
Embedding Assembly Code into C Programming	95	(17)
Inline Assembly Code	96	(1)
The _asm Keyword	97	(1)
Using C/C++ in _asm Blocks	98	(1)
Using Operators and Symbols in _asm Blocks	98	(1)
Accessing C/C++ Data in _asm Blocks	99	(1)
Using and Preserving Registers in Inline Assembly Code	100	(1)
Jumping to Labels in _asm Blocks	100	(1)
Calling C/C++ Functions in _asm Blocks	100	(2)
Defining _asm Blocks as C Macros	102	(1)
Embedding Inline Assembly Code Within C Code	103	(9)
A Serial Port Communication Program Developed in ANSI C	112	(24)
The Serial Port Communication Program on the Master Side	114	(11)
The Serial Port Communication Program on the Slave Side	125	(7)
Testing the Serial Port Communication Program Using Two Computers	132	(4)
A Serial Port Communication Program Developed in ANSI C and Inline Assembly Code	136	(3)
Embedding Inline Assembly Code with the Master and the Slave Computers	137	(2)
An Interrupt-Driven Serial Communications Program	139	(6)
The Interrupt Mechanism of the 8250 and 16550 UARTs	140	(1)
A Sample Interrupt Program	141	(4)
Programming the Interface Between PCs and A/D Converters	145	(35)
An Eight-Bit A/D Serial Interface Developed in ANSI C	146	(1)
The TLC548 Analog-to-Digital Converter	146	(2)
The TLC548 Serial Interface Program	148	(6)
An Eight-Bit A/D Serial Interface Developed in ANSI C and Inline Assembly Code	154	(6)
A 12-Bit A/D Serial Interface Developed in ANSI C	160	(1)
The MAX187---12-Bit Serial A/D Converter	160	(2)
The MAX220---Multichannel RS-232 Drivers and Receivers	162	(1)
The 12-Bit Serial A/D Converter Interface Circuit	163	(2)
The 12-Bit Serial A/D Converter Interface Program	165	(8)
A 12-Bit A/D Serial Interface Developed in C and Inline Assembly Code	173	(7)
Chapter Summary	180	(3)
Serial-Port Interfaces Developed in VC++ 6.0	183	(112)
Introduction	183	(7)
Configuring a Serial Port	184	(2)
Writing Data to the Serial Port	186	(1)
Reading Data from the Serial Port	187	(3)
A Single-Loop Serial Port Communication Test in C/C++	190	(53)
Hardware Installation	190	(1)
Developing a Console Application Testing Program	190	(15)
A Serial Port Application in Visual C++	205	(4)
Developing the Document Class	209	(3)
Developing the View Class	212	(8)
Developing the Dialog Box Classes	220	(23)
A Double-Loop Serial Port Test in Visual C++	243	(45)
Hardware Connection	243	(2)
A Console-Based Double-Loop Serial-Port-Testing Project	245	(15)
A Double-Loop Serial-Port-Testing Project Using MFC	260	(28)
RS-485 Serial Port Communication	288	(5)
Overview	288	(1)
An RS-485 Application for Real-Time Control	289	(1)
Installing and Setting Up the NI-485	290	(1)
NI-485 Serial Port Setup and Installation	291	(2)
Software Implementation with the NI-485	293	(1)
Chapter Summary	293	(2)
Serial Port Programming in Visual BASIC	295	(180)
Introduction	295	(2)
Calling Windows API Functions to Interface The Serial Ports	297	(34)
Windows API Functions	297	(3)
Mapping to a Subroutine	300	(1)
Mapping to a Function	301	(1)
The API Viewer	301	(3)
The API Functions, Structures and Constants in Serial Communications	304	(1)
Nonoverlapped I/O	305	(1)
Overlapped I/O	306	(1)
A Visual Basic Program Using Win32 API Functions	307	(2)
Developing Two Graphical User Interfaces	309	(3)
Adding Win32 API Functions to the VBAPISerial Project	312	(4)
Developing the Setup Form	316	(2)
Developing the frmSerial Form	318	(10)
Testing and Running the VBAPISerial Project	328	(3)
Using the Active-X MSComm Control to Interface with the Serial Ports	331	(113)
Overview of the Active-X MSComm Control	331	(1)
Configuration Properties for the MSComm Control	332	(1)
Data Transfer Properties for the MSComm Control	333	(1)
Handshaking Properties for the MSComm Control	333	(2)
Identification Properties for the MSComm Control	335	(1)
The Operation of the MSComm Control	335	(2)
A Serial Port Communication Program Developed with MSComm	337	(1)
The Serial Interface Program for the Master Computer	338	(22)
The Serial Interface Program for the Slave Computer	360	(16)
A Serial Interface for the File Flow Control Between Two Computers	376	(1)
The File Transfer Program for the Master Computer	376	(22)
The File Transfer Program for the Slave Computer	398	(13)
Developing a Serial Interface For the TLC548 8-Bit A/D Converter	411	(1)
The Interface Circuit of the 8-Bit Serial A/D Converter	411	(1)
The Interface Program Design	412	(13)
Implementation of the Serial Interface for the 8-Bit Serial A/D Converter	425	(2)
Developing a Serial Interface for the MAX187 12-Bit A/D Converter	427	(1)
The Interface Circuit of the MAX-187 A/D Converter	428	(1)
Designing the Graphical User Interfaces	429	(1)
Coding the Project	430	(12)
Implementation of the Serial Interface for a 12-Bit Serial A/D Converter	442	(2)
Calling Dynamic Link Library to Interface with the Serial Ports	444	(28)
Review of the DLL	444	(1)
General Requirement for Calling a User-Defined DLL	445	(1)
An Example of Calling DLL to Interface the Serial Port	446	(1)
Configuring the Hardware for the Loop-Back Test	447	(1)
Developing a Dynamic Link Library in Visual C++	447	(13)
Developing a Visual Basic Testing Project	460	(12)
Chapter Summary	472	(3)
Serial Port Programming in LabVIEW	475	(112)
Introduction	475	(1)
A Basic Serial Port Interface for Writing and Reading Data	475	(6)
Designing the Front Panel for the Loopback Testing Program	476	(1)
Designing a Block Diagram for the Loopback Testing Program	477	(3)
Running and Testing the Loopback Testing Program	480	(1)
Advanced Serial Port Interfaces	481	(36)
Using VISA to Interface with an 8-Bit Serial A/D Converter, TLC548	481	(2)
Designing a Front Panel for the Main Program	483	(2)
Develop a Block Diagram for the Main Program	485	(3)
Designing a Front Panel for the Data Collection SubVI	488	(2)
Developing a Block Diagram for the Data Collection SubVI	490	(7)
Testing and Running the Project	497	(2)
Using VISA to Interface with an 12-Bit Serial A/D Converter MAX187	499	(2)
Designing a Front Panel for the Main Program	501	(1)
Developing a Block Diagram for the Main Program	502	(3)
Designing a Front Panel for the GetMAXData SubVI	505	(2)
Developing a Block Diagram for the GetMAXData SubVI	507	(7)
Configuring the GetMAXData VI as a SubVI	514	(1)
Testing and Running the Project	515	(2)
Calling the DLL from LabVIEW to Interface with the Serial Port	517	(30)
Using Call Library Function and the Code Interface Node	517	(1)
Using the Call Library Function to Access DLLs	517	(2)
The Calling Conventions	519	(1)
The Calling Parameters	520	(1)
Calling Functions That Expect Other Data Types	521	(1)
The Create. c File	522	(1)
Multiple Calls to the Shared DLL Function	522	(1)
Using the Call Library Function to Interface with the TLC548 Serial A/D Converter	523	(1)
Interface Circuit of the TLC548 Serial A/D Converter	523	(1)
Building the Function Protocol in LabVIEW	524	(4)
Building the Block Diagram in LabVIEW	528	(2)
Building DLL Functions in Visual C++	530	(17)
Calling the CIN from LabVIEW to Interface with the Serial Port	547	(38)
The Calling Procedure of the CIN	548	(1)
Creating a CIN	548	(2)
Creating a .c File	550	(1)
Using the Visual C++ IDE to Compile the CIN Source Code	551	(1)
Loading the CIN Object Code	552	(1)
Using CIN to Interface with a Serial A/D Converter	552	(1)
The Hardware Interface Circuit	552	(1)
Designing of a Front Panel for the Project	553	(1)
Using CIN to Develop a Block Diagram	553	(6)
Using the Visual C++ 6.0 IDE to Develop the CIN Object Code	559	(23)
Loading the CIN Object Code and Running the Project	582	(3)
Other Methods for Interfacing with the Serial Port	585	(2)
Serial Port Programming in MATLAB	587	(72)
Introduction	587	(1)
Using MEX-files to Interface with Serial Ports	587	(35)
The MEX-File Format	588	(1)
System Setup and Configuration	589	(1)
Select a Compiler	589	(2)
The Ingredients of a MEX-file	591	(1)
Header File mex.h	591	(1)
The mxArray	591	(1)
Using the Gateway Function mexFunction in C/C++	592	(3)
API Functions	595	(1)
Creating a MEX-file in C/C++	596	(1)
Using a MEX-file to Interface with the MAX187 ADC	597	(2)
Configuring the C/C++ MEX-file	599	(1)
Designing the Header File for the MEX-file	600	(3)
Designing the DEF File	603	(1)
Designing the Source File of the MEX-file	603	(14)
Compiling and Building the Target MEX-file	617	(1)
The Design of the MATLAB M-Function	618	(1)
Testing and Running the Project	619	(2)
Creating a MEX-file to Interface with the TLC548 ADC	621	(1)
Using the Shared DLL to Interface with the Serial Ports	622	(25)
Installing the Loadlibrary Interface	622	(2)
Loading and Unloading the Shared Library	624	(1)
Obtaining Information from the Library	624	(1)
Calling Library Functions and Passing Arguments	625	(1)
Converting Data Between MATLAB and External Functions	626	(1)
Primitive Data Types	627	(1)
Converting Data to Other Primitive Data Types	627	(1)
Converting Data to References	628	(1)
Converting to Strings	628	(1)
Converting and Passing Structures	629	(2)
Creating References	631	(2)
Creating a Structure Reference	633	(1)
Creating Reference Pointers	634	(1)
Calling a Shared DLL	635	(1)
Developing a Standard Win32 Dynamic Link Library	635	(3)
Developing a MATLAB M-Function to Call the DLL	638	(7)
Testing and Running the DLL Project	645	(2)
Using the Serial Object to Interface with the Serial Ports	647	(12)
The Instrument Control Toolbox	647	(1)
Creating and Configuring a Serial Port Object	648	(1)
Writing and Reading the Serial Port Object	649	(1)
Event and Callback Functions	650	(1)
The BytesAvailable Event and Its Callback Function BytesAvailableFcn	651	(1)
The Output Empty Event and Its Callback Function OutputEmptyFcn	651	(1)
The PinStatus Event and Its Callback Function PinStatusFcn	651	(1)
The Timer Event and Its Callback Function TimerFcn	652	(1)
The Break Interrupt Event and Its Callback Function BreakProcess ()	652	(1)
Using the Serial Port Object to Perform Data Transmission	652	(1)
Using the Graphical Tool to Create and Configure a Serial Port	652	(4)
Developing a User-Defined Callback Function	656	(1)
Developing the Main Serial Port Interface Program	656	(2)
Testing and Running the Main Serial Port Interface Program	658	(1)
Serial Port Programming in Smalltalk	659	(70)
Introduction	659	(1)
Overview of VisualWorks	659	(5)
The VisualWorks Application Framework	660	(1)
Installing and Starting VisualWorks	661	(3)
A Simple Serial Port Interface Program	664	(30)
Serial Port Testing Configuration	664	(1)
Developing a Domain Model Class	665	(3)
Developing an Application Model Class and a GUI	668	(1)
Developing an External Interface Class	669	(5)
Finish Coding of the SerialPort Project in VisualWorks	674	(1)
Code for the Application Model	675	(2)
Code for the Domain Model	677	(3)
Parceling and Filing Out the Project Files	680	(1)
Develop a Dynamic Link Library in the Visual C++ Domain	681	(1)
Creating the Header File for the DLL	681	(1)
Developing the Source File for the DLL	681	(9)
Developing the Definition File for the DLL	690	(1)
Finishing Coding of the SerialPort Project in VisualWorks	691	(3)
An Advanced Serial Port Interface Program	694	(35)
The Interface Circuit	695	(1)
Developing the Dynamic Link Library	696	(1)
The Header File for the DLL	696	(2)
Code for the Source Files of the DLL	698	(9)
Developing the Definition File for the DLL	707	(1)
Building and Installing the DLL Target File	708	(1)
Developing a Domain Model Class	708	(4)
Developing an Application Model Class and a GUI	712	(3)
Developing an External Interface Class	715	(4)
Finish Coding of the SmallMAXDLL Project in VisualWorks	719	(1)
Code of the Application Model Class	719	(2)
Code for the Domain Model Class	721	(3)
Testing and Running the Project	724	(2)
Parceling and Filing Out the Project Files	726	(3)
Serial Port Programming in Java	729	(66)
Introduction	729	(1)
Overview of the Java Native Interface	729	(3)
Why We Need an Interface Between Java and the Native Code	729	(1)
The JNI Development Environment	730	(1)
How to Develop an InterFACE	731	(1)
A Simple Serial Port Testing Program Using the JNI	732	(37)
Setting Up the Java Development Environment in Windows 95/98/Me	732	(1)
Setting Up the Java Development Environment in Windows 2000	733	(1)
Setting Up the Java Development Environment in Windows XP	734	(1)
Setting Up the Hardware for the Single-Port Loopback Test	734	(1)
The Operation of the Interface Program	735	(1)
Developing a GUI in Java	736	(5)
Developing the Model Class File	741	(2)
Developing the Interface Class File	743	(2)
Developing the MSG Class File	745	(1)
Developing a JNI-Style Header File	746	(1)
Mapping Variables and Objects Between Java and C/C++	747	(2)
Mapping String Variables	749	(2)
Mapping Array Variables	751	(3)
Developing a Dynamic Link Library as the Native Library	754	(1)
Developing the Header File	755	(2)
Developing the Source File	757	(9)
Building and Installing the Native Library	766	(1)
Running and Testing the Project	767	(2)
An Advanced Interface Between the Serial A/D and Java	769	(23)
Developing the View Class---Java GUI Window	770	(3)
Developing the Model Class	773	(2)
Developing the Interface Class	775	(1)
Creating a JNI-Style Header File	775	(2)
Developing the Native Library (the DLL Target File)	777	(1)
Developing the DLL Header File	778	(1)
Developing the DLL Source File	778	(11)
Building and Installing the DLL Target File	789	(1)
Testing and Running the MAX187 Project	790	(2)
Chapter Summary	792	(3)
Appendix	795	(2)
Index	797