Towards location aware mobile ad hoc sensors A Systems Engineering Approach to Wireless Information Networks The Second Edition of this internationally respected textbook brings readers fully up to date with the myriad of developments in wireless communications. When first published in 1995, wireless communications was synonymous with cellular telephones. Now wireless information networks are the most important technology in all branches of telecommunications. Readers can learn about the latest applications in such areas as ad hoc sensor networks, home networking, and wireless positioning. Wireless Information Networks takes a systems engineering approach: technical topics are presented in the context of how they fit into the ongoing development of new systems and services, as well as the recent developments in national and international spectrum allocations and standards. The authors have organized the myriad of current and emerging wireless technologies into logical categories: * Introduction to Wireless Networks presents an up-to-the-moment discussion of the evolution of the cellular industry from analog cellular technology to 2G, 3G, and 4G, as well as the emergence of WLAN and WPAN as broadband ad hoc networks * Characteristics of Radio Propagation includes new coverage of channel modeling for space-time, MIMO, and UWB communications and wireless geolocation networks * Modem Design offers new descriptions of space-time coding, MIMO antenna systems, UWB communications, and multi-user detection and interference cancellation techniques used in CDMA networks * Network Access and System Aspects incorporates new chapters on UWB systems and RF geolocations, with a thorough revision of wireless access techniques and wireless systems and standards Exercises that focus on real-world problems are provided at the end of each chapter. The mix of assignments, which includes computer projects and questionnaires in addition to traditional problem sets, helps readers focus on key issues and develop the skills they need to solve actual engineering problems. A separate Instructor's Manual is available that includes a solution book and supporting material for preparing class presentations. Extensive references are provided for those readers who would like to explore particular topics in greater depth. With its emphasis on knowledge-building to solve problems, this is an excellent graduate-level textbook. Like the previous edition, this latest edition will also be a standard reference for the telecommunications industry.

KAVEH PAHLAVAN, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, a Professor of Computer Science, and the Director of the Center for Wireless Information Network Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He is also a Visiting Professor at the Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. Dr. Pahlavan is also the principal author of Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach, Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Fellow of the IEEE, a Nokia Fellow, and a former Fulbright-Nokia Scholar.

ALLEN H. LEVESQUE, PhD, is a consulting engineer specializing in digital communications technologies and an Adjunct Professor at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Levesque is coauthor of Error-Control Techniques for Digital Communication (Wiley), an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, and a Fellow of the IEEE.

Preface

xi

PART I INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKS

1

(50)

Overview of Wireless Networks

3

(20)

Introduction

3

(3)

Network Architecture and Design Issues

6

(14)

Key Trends in Wireless Networking

20

(1)

Outline of the Book

21

(2)

Questions

22

(1)

Evolution of the Wireless Industry

23

(28)

Introduction

23

(6)

Three Views of the Wireless Industry

29

(3)

Three Generations of Cellular Networks

32

(11)

Trends in Wireless Technologies

43

(8)

Questions

49

(2)

PART II CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO PROPAGATION

51

(228)

Characterization of Radio Propagation

53

(40)

Introduction

53

(2)

Multipath Fading and the Distance-Power Relationship

55

(9)

Local Movements and Doppler Shift

64

(2)

Multipath for Wideband Signals

66

(6)

Classical Uncorrelated Scattering Model

72

(9)

Indoor and Urban Radio Propagation Modeling

81

(12)

Questions

86

(1)

Problems

87

(2)

Projects

89

(4)

Modeling and Simulation of Narrowband Signal Characteristics

93

(56)

Introduction

93

(3)

Modeling Path Loss and Slow Shadow Fading

96

(14)

Doppler Spectrum of Fast Envelope Fading

110

(12)

Statistical Behavior of Fast Envelope Fading

122

(4)

Simulation of Fast Envelope Fading

126

(23)

Questions

133

(1)

Problems

134

(3)

Projects

137

(12)

Measurement of Wideband and UWB Channel Characteristics

149

(56)

Introduction

149

(2)

Time-Domain Measurement Techniques

151

(20)

Frequency-Domain Measurement Techniques

171

(9)

Advances in Frequency-Domain Channel Measurement

180

(25)

Questions

197

(1)

Problems

198

(2)

Project

200

(5)

Modeling of Wideband Radio Channel Characteristics

205

(74)

Introduction

206

(2)

Wideband Time-Domain Statistical Modeling

208

(26)

Wideband Frequency-Domain Channel Modeling

234

(9)

Comparison Between Statistical Models

243

(2)

Ray-Tracing Algorithms

245

(16)

Direct Solution of Radio Propagation Equations

261

(2)

Comparison of Deterministic and Statistical Modeling

263

(2)

Site-Specific Statistical Model

265

(14)

Appendix 6A: GSM-Recommended Multipath Propagation Models

270

(2)

Appendix 6B: Wideband Multipath Propagation Models

272

(2)

Questions

274

(1)

Problems

275

(2)

Projects

277

(2)

PART III MODEM DESIGN

279

(220)

Narrowband Modem Technology

281

(60)

Introduction

282

(2)

Basic Modulation Techniques

284

(23)

Theoretical Limits and Practical Impairments

307

(5)

Traditional Modems for Wide-Area Wireless Networks

312

(16)

Other Aspects of Modem Implementation

328

(13)

Questions

335

(1)

Problems

336

(2)

Projects

338

(3)

Fading, Diversity, and Coding

341

(36)

Introduction

341

(2)

Radio Communication on Flat Rayleigh Fading Channels

343

(4)

Diversity Combining

347

(6)

Error-Control Coding for Wireless Channels

353

(10)

Space-Time Coding

363

(2)

MIMO and STC

365

(12)

Questions

372

(1)

Problems

372

(2)

Projects

374

(3)

Broadband Modem Technologies

377

(58)

Introduction

378

(2)

Effects of Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading

380

(4)

Discrete Multipath Fading Channel Model

384

(5)

Adaptive Discrete Matched Filter

389

(4)

Adaptive Equalization

393

(12)

Sectored Antennas

405

(6)

Multicarrier, OFDM, and Frequency Diversity

411

(10)

Comparison of Traditional Broadband Modems

421

(2)

MIMO in Frequency-Selective Fading

423

(12)

Appendix 9A: Analysis of the Equalizers

425

(3)

Questions

428

(1)

Problems

429

(2)

Projects

431

(4)

Spread-Spectrum and CDMA Technology

435

(64)

Introduction

435

(4)

Principles of Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum

439

(5)

Principles of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum

444

(20)

Interference in Spread-Spectrum Systems

464

(12)

Performance of CDMA Systems

476

(23)

Questions

494

(1)

Problems

495

(4)

PART IV SYSTEMS ASPECTS

499

(190)

Topology, Medium Access, and Performance

501

(80)

Introduction

501

(2)

Topologies for Local Networks

503

(3)

Cellular Topology for Wide-Area Networks

506

(15)

Centrally Controlled Assigned Access Methods

521

(16)

Distributed Contention-Based Access Control

537

(44)

Questions

572

(1)

Problems

573

(3)

Project

576

(5)

Ultrawideband Communications

581

(26)

Introduction

581

(3)

UWB Channel Characteristics

584

(5)

Impulse Radio and Time-Hopping Access

589

(6)

Direct-Sequence UWB

595

(4)

Multiband OFDM

599

(8)

Questions

603

(1)

Problems

604

(3)

RF Location Sensing

607

(32)

Introduction

607

(4)

RF Location-Sensing Techniques

611

(8)

Modeling The Behavior of RF Sensors

619

(7)

Wireless Positioning Algorithms

626

(13)

Questions

636

(1)

Problems

637

(2)

Wireless Optical Networks

639

(24)

Introduction

639

(2)

Implementation

641

(2)

Eye Safety

643

(1)

IR Channel Characterization and Data-Rate Limitations

644

(9)

Modulation Techniques for Optical Communications

653

(6)

Multiple Access and Data Rate

659

(4)

Questions

661

(2)

Systems and Standards

663

(26)

Introduction

663

(1)

GSM, GPRS, and EDGE

664

(10)

CDMA and HDR

674

(5)

Other Historical Systems

679

(3)

Wireless LANs

682

(3)

Speech Coding in Wireless Systems

685

(4)

Questions

687

(2)

References

689

(24)

Index

713

(8)

About the Authors

721

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