Summary

This fourth and final volume of the monumental commentary on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations covers pp. 428-693 of the book. Like the previous volumes, it consists of philosophical essays and exegesis. The nine essays cover all the major themes of this concluding part of Wittgenstein's masterpiece: intentionality, inductive reasoning, the arbitrariness of grammar and the bounds of sense, negation, methodology in philosophical psychology, memory and recognition, willing and the nature of voluntary action, intending, and the mythology of meaning something. Wittgenstein's writings on some of these themes have been relatively neglected, and the analytical essays on the topics of intentionality, the arbitrariness of grammar, and the will shed fresh light upon his characteristically original contributions to these subjects, which are highly relevant to current debates. The exegesis clarifies and evaluates Wittgenstein's arguments, drawing extensively on all the unpublished papers, examining the evolution of his ideas in manuscript sources and definitively settling many controversies about the interpretation of the published text.This commentary, like its predecessors, is indispensable for the study of Wittgenstein and is essential reading for students of philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.The completion of the Commentary will be followed by a historical monograph entitled Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth Century Analytic Philosophy, which will give an overview of Wittgenstein's achievement, locate his work within the mainstream of analytic philosophy and examine his influence upon the development of Cambridge analysis in the interwar years, upon the Vienna Circle and upon postwar Oxford analytic philosophy.

Author Biography

P. M. S. Hacker is Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford. He is author of Insight and Iffusion (1972, revised ed. 1986), Appearance and Reality (Blackwell, 1987) and Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind (Blackwell, 1990). He edited The Renaissance of Gravure: The Art of S. W. Hayter (1988), Graure and Grace: the Engravings of Roger Vieillard (1993) and co-edited a Festschrift for H. L. A. Hart together with J. Raz. Law, Morality and Society (1977). He has written five books with G. P. Baker, Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning (Blackwell, 1980), Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity (Blackwell, 1985), Frege: Logical Excavations (Blackwell and Oxford University Press, New York, 1984), Language, Sense and Nonsense (Blackwell, 1984), and Scepticism, Rules and Language, (Blackwell, 1984).

Acknowledgements
reface
bbreviations
nalytical Commentary
Intentionality: The Harmony Between Language and Reality (428-65):ntroduction
ntentionality
Representation In Thought and Speech
The Tractatus: Form and Content
Repudiation of Causal Theories
A Fresh Start
Dispelling The Confusions (Identity and Surrogationalism; Thinking What Is Not The Case; Knowing What One Thinks; Satisfaction and Fitting; Anticipating The Future; Understanding and Interpreting)
Justification By Experience (466-90):ntroduction
nductive Reasoning
The Tractatus
Reasons and Reasoning
Justifying Induction
The Immanence of Meaning and The Bounds of Sense (491-570):ntroduction
he Arbitrariness of Grammar and The Bounds of Sense
Grammar Justified
Grammar Unjustified
Illusory Determinants of The Bounds of Sense
The Arbitrariness of Grammar and The Immanence of Meaning
Traversing The Bounds of Sense
Note on Negation
rege and Russell
The Tractatus Criticisms of Frege
The Meaning Body of Negation
Mental States and Processes (571-610):ntroduction
ethodology In Philosophical Psychology
Psychology: A 'Young Science' Or 'Experimental Methods and Conceptual Confusion'?
The Descriptive Method In Philosophical Psychology
The Concepts of Psychology and Their Role In Human Life
The Plan For The Treatment of Psychological Concepts
The Preferred Strategy
emory and Recognition
The Prevailing Tradition
Memory: Reading The Past Off The Present
Memory Experiences and Processes
Memory Traces and Psycho-Physical Parallelism
Recognition
Plus Ca Change
The Will (611-28):ntroduction
illing and The Nature of Voluntary Action
Agency and Action
The Prevalent Tradition
'My Kinaesthetic Sensations Advise Me'
Is Willing Too Merely An Experience?
Diagnosis
Fantasies of The Will.(
The Innervationist and Ideo-Motor Theories; Trying; Causation of Action
Voluntary and Involuntary Action
Intention and Recollecting One's Intention (629-60):ntroduction
ntending
Stage Setting
Wittgenstein: Remembering What One Was Going To
Wittgenstein: Category Distinctions
Intention and Prediction
The Language Game of 'I Intend'
Meaning Something (661-93):ntroduction
he Mythology of Meaning Something
A Puzzle About 661-93
Misconceptions About Meaning In The Notebooks and The Tractatus
The Retrospective Reconstruction of The Mythology of Meaning
The Change of Heart
Categorial Differentiations
Meaning What One Says
Reassembling The Jigsaw
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