Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of Ai

by Shanker,Stuart G.

• ISBN13: 9780415097949
• ISBN10: 0415097940
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-06-05
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

In this lucid and meticulously researched book, Stuart Shanker discusses the theories expounded by Wittgenstein on the philosophy and psychology of cognitive science and the development of artificial intelligence.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix	(4)
Acknowledgements	xiii	(2)
List of abbreviations	xv
1 Wittgenstein's response to Turing's Thesis	1	(33)
1 Turing's machines `are humans who calculate'	1	(5)
2 `Does a calculating machine calculate?'	6	(5)
3 Church's Convention	11	(3)
4 Godel's response to Turing's version of CT	14	(8)
5 The emergence of `machine intelligence'	22	(5)
6 `Mechanical rule-following' versus `Following a "mechanical rule"'	27	(7)
2 The behaviourist origins of AI	34	(29)
1 Turing's two questions	34	(5)
2 Turing's behaviourist ambitions	39	(6)
3 The continuum picture	45	(7)
4 Wittgenstein's discussion of `reading' vis-a-vis Turing's analysis of `calculation'	52	(11)
3 The resurgence of psychologism	63	(58)
1 AI and the rise of cognitive psychologism	63	(2)
2 Classical and cognitive psychologism	65	(8)
3 Psychologism as conceived by Kant	73	(9)
4 `Logic is a part, a branch, of psychology'	82	(5)
5 The laws of truth are `boundary stones set in an eternal foundation'	87	(8)
6 Logic constitutes what we understand by `thought'	95	(7)
7 Hilbert's protocol	102	(8)
8 What is inferring?	110	(11)
4 Models of discovery	121	(64)
1 Eureka!	121	(4)
2 The `cognitive unconscious'	125	(6)
3 The role of chess in the evolution of AI	131	(7)
4 GPS and the assault on `insight'	138	(8)
5 Converse responses to Kohler	146	(6)
6 The relevance of wittgenstein's remarks on Kohler for GPS	152	(10)
7 The Cartesian shift from theory to the ethereal	162	(5)
8 The nature of `sudden understanding'	167	(7)
9 The metaphor is the message	174	(11)
5 The nature of concepts	185	(65)
1 What are concepts and how are they acquired?	185	(5)
2 Piaget and AI	190	(6)
3 Wittgenstein's discovery'	196	(1)
4 `What we call "concept" comes into existence only by its incorporation in language'	197	(6)
5 `Seeing what is in common'	203	(6)
6 The cognitivist response to Wittgenstein's view of concepts	209	(6)
7 The `cognitive continuum'	215	(7)
8 The harmony between thought and language	222	(5)
9 Constraint theory	227	(10)
10 The `constitutional uncertainty of the mental'	237	(5)
11 The nature of concept-acquisition	242	(8)
Notes	250	(13)
Bibliography	263	(12)
Name index	275	(3)
Subject index	278