Wong's Clinical Manual of Pediatric Nursing

by Hockenberry

• ISBN13: 9780323019583
• ISBN10: 0323019587
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-10-01
• Publisher: Mosby

Summary

Wongs Clinical Manual of Pediatric Nursing is designed to provide the student and practicing nurse with a portable, convenient, and concise guide to the care of children, including assessment, health promotion, and care during illness, hospitalization, and at home. It is the most comprehensive summary of nursing care for pediatric patients available. Its logical design, convenient lay-flat spiral binding, and printed tabs make it extremely useful for quick reference in the clinical setting.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 Assessment
Health History	3	(11)
General guidelines for communication and interviewing	3	(1)
Specific guidelines for communicating with children	4	(1)
Creative communication techniques with children	4	(2)
Guidelines for using an interpreter	6	(1)
Cultural assessment	7	(1)
Outline of a health history	7	(1)
Summary of a health history	8	(6)
Physical Assessment	14	(57)
General guidelines for physical examination of the newborn	14	(1)
Summary of physical assessment of the newborn	15	(5)
Community focus: Early newborn discharge checklist	20	(1)
Community focus: Newborn home care following early discharge	20	(1)
Assessment of reflexes	21	(1)
Assessment of gestational age	22	(3)
General guidelines for physical examination during childhood	25	(1)
Age-specific approaches to physical examination during childhood	26	(1)
Outline of a physical assessment	27	(1)
Summary of physical assessment of the child	28	(42)
Assessment of cranial nerves	70	(1)
Family Assessment	71	(18)
Theoretic framework	71	(1)
Indications for comprehensive family assessment	71	(1)
Family assessment interview	72	(1)
Family assessment questionnaires	73	(1)
General guidelines for administration	73	(1)
Family APGAR	73	(1)
Feetham Family Functioning Survey	73	(4)
Coping-Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP)	77	(1)
Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ)	77	(3)
Home Observation and Measurement of the Environment (HOME)	80	(1)
Family resource questionnaires	80	(9)
Assessment of Temperament	89	(5)
Infant Temperament Questionnaire (ITQ)	90	(1)
Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ)	91	(1)
Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ)	92	(1)
Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire	93	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	94	(11)
Dietary history	94	(1)
Additional questions for infant feeding	94	(1)
Food diary	95	(1)
Food frequency record	96	(1)
Clinical assessment of nutritional status	97	(3)
Recommended dietary allowances	100	(1)
Community focus: Dietary reference intakes	101	(1)
Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes of selected vitamins and minerals	102	(1)
Estimated sodium, chloride, and potassium minimum requirements of healthy persons	102	(1)
Median heights and weights and recommended energy intake	103	(1)
Ranges of daily caloric requirements at different weights under normal conditions	103	(1)
Ranges of daily water requirements at different ages under normal conditions	104	(1)
Sleep Assessment	105	(3)
Assessment of sleep problems in children	105	(3)
General history of chief complaint	105	(1)
24-Hour sleep history	105	(1)
Past sleep history	105	(1)
2-Week sleep record	106	(1)
Typical sleep requirements in infancy and childhood	107	(1)
Growth Measurements	108	(28)
General trends in physical growth during childhood	108	(2)
Sequence of tooth eruption and shedding	110	(1)
Sexual development in adolescent males	111	(1)
Sexual development in adolescent females	112	(2)
Growth charts	114	(1)
Body mass index formula	114	(1)
Head circumference charts	115	(1)
Triceps skinfold thickness	116	(1)
Upper arm circumference	116	(1)
Height and weight measurements for boys in the United States	117	(9)
Height and weight measurements for girls in the United States	126	(9)
Growth standards of healthy Chinese children	135	(1)
Assessment of Development	136	(5)
Denver II	136	(3)
Item differences	136	(1)
Test form differences	136	(1)
Interpretation and referral	136	(3)
Revised Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire	139	(2)
Assessment of Language and Speech	141	(2)
Major developmental characteristics of language and speech	141	(1)
Assessment of communication impairment	141	(1)
Clues for detecting communication impairment	142	(1)
Guidelines for referral regarding communication impairment	142	(1)
Denver Articulation Screening Examination	143	(1)
Assessment of Vision	143	(8)
Major developmental characteristics of vision	143	(3)
Clues for detecting visual impairment	146	(1)
Special tests of visual acuity and estimated visual acuity at different ages	147	(1)
Visual screening tests for children	148	(1)
Denver Eye Screening Test	149	(1)
Snellen screening	149	(2)
Assessment of Hearing	151	(4)
Major developmental characteristics of hearing	151	(1)
Assessment of child for hearing impairment	152	(1)
Clues for detecting hearing impairment	152	(1)
Selected hearing and tympanic membrane compliance tests	153	(2)
Summary of Growth and Development	155	(16)
Personality, moral, and cognitive development	155	(1)
Growth and development during infancy	156	(6)
Growth and development during toddler years	162	(2)
Growth and development during preschool years	164	(2)
Growth and development during school-age years	166	(2)
Growth and development during adolescence	168	(3)
UNIT 2 Health Promotion
Recommendations for Child Preventive Care	171	(20)
Nutrition	172	(1)
Vitamins and their nutritional significance	172	(5)
Minerals and their nutritional significance	177	(5)
Normal and special infant formulas	182	(4)
Guidelines for feeding during the first year	186	(1)
Developmental milestones associated with feeding	187	(1)
Sample menus for children and adolescents based on Food Guide Pyramid	188	(1)
Community focus: Healthy food choices	189	(1)
Servings per day for children and adolescents based on Food Guide Pyramid	190	(1)
Immunizations	191	(13)
Licensed vaccines and toxoids available in the United States and recommended routes of administration	191	(1)
Product brand names, manufacturers/distributors, and routes of administration for principal childhood vaccine types	192	(1)
Community focus: Improving immunization among children and adolescents	193	(1)
Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule, United States, 2003	194	(1)
Recommended immunization schedules for children not immunized in the first year of life	195	(2)
Routine immunization schedule for infants and children---Canada, 2002	197	(1)
Recommended dosages of hepatitis B vaccines	198	(1)
Guide to tetanus prophylaxis in routine wound management, 1997	199	(1)
Recommendations for meningococcal vaccine	199	(1)
Possible side effects of recommended childhood immunizations and nursing responsibilities	199	(2)
Contraindications and precautions to vaccinations	201	(2)
Keeping current on vaccine recommendations	203	(1)
Safety and Injury Prevention	204	(14)
Child safety home checklist	204	(1)
Injury prevention during infancy	205	(3)
Injury prevention during early childhood (1-5 years of age)	208	(2)
Community focus: Reducing sun exposure	210	(1)
Community focus: Playground safety	210	(1)
Injury prevention during school-age years	211	(1)
Community focus: Animal safety	212	(1)
Community focus: Skateboard and in-line skate safety	213	(1)
Community focus: Bicycle safety	213	(1)
Community focus: Safe use of all-terrain vehicles	213	(1)
Injury prevention during adolescence	214	(1)
Community focus: Steps for condom use	214	(1)
Guidelines for automobile safety seats	215	(2)
Community focus: using car safety seats	217	(1)
Parental Guidance	218	(3)
Guidance during infancy	218	(1)
Guidance during toddler years	218	(1)
Guidance during preschool years	219	(1)
Guidance during school-age years	219	(1)
Community focus: Collaboration between school nurses and teachers	220	(1)
Community focus: Violence in schools	220	(1)
Guidance during adolescence	220	(1)
Play	221	(7)
Functions of play	221	(1)
General trends during childhood	221	(1)
Guidelines for toy safety	222	(1)
Play during infancy	223	(1)
Play during toddlerhood	224	(1)
Play during preschool years	225	(3)
UNIT 3 Pediatric Variations of Nursing Interventions
Guidelines for Preparing Children for Procedures	228	(3)
General guidelines	228	(1)
Preparing children for procedures based on developmental characteristics	229	(2)
Play During Hospitalization	231	(1)
Functions of play in the hospital	231	(1)
Play activities for specific procedures	231	(1)
Informed Consent to Treat Child	232	(1)
General Hygiene and Care	233	(6)
Skin care	233	(5)
General guidelines	233	(1)
Neonatal guidelines	233	(2)
Pressure reduction/relief devices	235	(2)
Commonly used dressings and other products	237	(1)
Bathing	238	(1)
Hair care	238	(1)
Mouth care	239	(1)
Procedures Related to Maintaining Safety	239	(3)
Transporting	239	(1)
Restraining methods and therapeutic hugging	240	(2)
General guidelines	240	(1)
Types of mechanical restraints	241	(1)
Positioning for Procedures	242	(4)
Extremity venipuncture or dermal injection	242	(1)
Jugular venipuncture	243	(1)
Femoral venipuncture	243	(1)
Subdural puncture (through fontanel or bur holes)	243	(1)
Nose and/or throat access	243	(1)
Ear access	244	(1)
Lumbar puncture	244	(1)
Bone marrow examination	245	(1)
Urinary catheterization	245	(1)
Collection of Specimens	246	(6)
Urine	246	(1)
Bladder catheterization	246	(2)
24-Hour urine collection	248	(1)
Stool	248	(1)
Respiratory (nasal) secretions	248	(1)
Sputum	249	(1)
Blood	249	(3)
Heel or finger	249	(2)
Vein	251	(1)
Artery	251	(1)
Implanted venous access device	251	(1)
Procedures Related to Administration of Medications	252	(12)
General guidelines	252	(1)
Estimating drug dosage	252	(1)
Approaches to pediatric patients	253	(1)
Safety precautions	253	(1)
Teaching family to administer medication	253	(1)
Oral administration	254	(1)
Intramuscular administration	255	(2)
Intramuscular injection sites in children	257	(1)
Subcutaneous and intradermal administration	258	(2)
Intravenous administration	260	(2)
Rectal administration	262	(1)
Suppository	262	(1)
Retention enema	262	(1)
Eye, ear, and nose administration	262	(1)
Eye medication	263	(1)
Ear medication	263	(1)
Nose drops	263	(1)
Nasogastric, orogastric, or gastrostomy tube administration	263	(1)
Procedures Related to Maintaining Fluid Balance or Nutrition	264	(6)
Intravenous fluid administration	264	(1)
Peripherally inserted central catheters	264	(1)
Long-term central venous access devices	265	(2)
Heparin flush guidelines	267	(1)
Tube feeding	267	(3)
Gavage (nasogastric or orogastric tube) feeding	268	(1)
Gastrostomy feeding	269	(1)
Procedures Related to Maintaining Cardiorespiratory Function	270	(16)
Respiratory therapy	270	(8)
Oxygen therapy	270	(1)
Invasive and noninvasive oxygen monitoring	270	(1)
Arterial blood gas	270	(1)
Pulse oximetry	271	(1)
Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring	272	(1)
Aerosol therapy	272	(1)
Bronchial (postural) drainage	272	(3)
Tracheostomy care	275	(1)
Tracheostomy suctioning	276	(2)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)	278	(5)
One-rescuer CPR	278	(1)
Two-rescuer CPR for children over 8 years of age	279	(1)
Procedures for CPR and airway obstruction	280	(1)
Drugs for pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation	281	(2)
Foreign body airway obstruction management	283	(3)
UNIT 4 Nursing Care Plans
The Process of Nursing Infants and Children	286	(2)
Nursing diagnoses	286	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child and Family During Stress and Illness	288	(36)
The child in the hospital	289	(14)
The family of the child who is ill or hospitalized	303	(5)
The child with chronic illness or disability	308	(8)
The child who is terminally ill or dying	316	(8)
Nursing Care of Common Problems of Ill and Hospitalized Children	324	(52)
The child undergoing surgery	324	(4)
The child with elevated body temperature	328	(1)
The child with fluid and electrolyte disturbance	329	(4)
The child with special nutritional needs	333	(2)
The child in pain	335	(37)
The child at risk for infection	372	(2)
Child and family compliance	374	(2)
Nursing Care of the Newborn	376	(36)
The normal newborn and family	376	(6)
The high-risk newborn and family	382	(3)
The high-risk infant	385	(6)
The newborn with hyperbilirubinemia	391	(3)
The infant with respiratory distress syndrome	394	(1)
Neonatal complications	395	(17)
Nursing Care of the Child with Respiratory Dysfunction	412	(28)
The child with respiratory dysfunction	412	(3)
The child with acute respiratory infection	415	(7)
The child with a tonsillectomy	422	(2)
The child with acute otitis media	424	(2)
The child with asthma	426	(8)
The child with cystic fibrosis	434	(4)
The child with respiratory failure	438	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction	440	(31)
The child with gastrointestinal dysfunction	440	(3)
The child with appendicitis	443	(2)
The child with acute diarrhea (gastroenteritis)	445	(7)
The child with inflammatory bowel disease	452	(2)
The child with peptic ulcer disease	454	(2)
The child with acute hepatitis	456	(1)
The child with celiac disease	457	(1)
The child with Hirschsprung disease	458	(2)
The child with intussusception	460	(1)
The child with enterobiasis (pinworms)	461	(1)
The child with giardiasis	462	(2)
The child with cleft lip and/or cleft palate	464	(2)
The infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis	466	(1)
The infant with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula	467	(2)
The infant with an anorectal malformation	469	(1)
Hernias and abdominal wall defects	470	(1)
Nursing Care of the Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction	471	(12)
The child with cardiovascular dysfunction	471	(1)
The child who undergoes cardiac catheterization	472	(2)
The child with congenital heart disease	474	(3)
The child with congestive heart failure	477	(2)
The child with rheumatic fever	479	(2)
The child in shock (circulatory failure)	481	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Hematologic/Immunologic Dysfunction	483	(13)
The child with anemia	483	(7)
The child with sickle cell disease	490	(2)
The child with hemophilia	492	(2)
The child and adolescent with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection	494	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Renal Dysfunction	496	(6)
The child with nephrotic syndrome	496	(2)
The child with acute renal failure	498	(2)
The child with chronic renal failure	500	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Neurologic Dysfunction	502	(26)
The child with epilepsy	506	(3)
The unconscious child	509	(4)
The child with a head injury	513	(2)
The infant with myelomeningocele	515	(2)
The child with hydrocephalus	517	(2)
The child with acute bacterial meningitis	519	(2)
The child with cerebral palsy	521	(3)
The child who is paralyzed	524	(4)
Nursing Care of the Child with Metabolic Dysfunction	528	(5)
The child with diabetes mellitus	528	(5)
Nursing Care of the Child with Cancer	533	(19)
The child with cancer	533	(13)
The child with a brain tumor	546	(4)
The child with a bone tumor	550	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Musculoskeletal Dysfunction	552	(17)
The child who is immobilized	552	(5)
The child with a fracture	557	(3)
The child in traction	560	(4)
The child with structural scoliosis	564	(3)
The child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (juvenile idiopathic arthritis)	567	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Sensory or Cognitive Impairment	569	(13)
The child with impaired vision	569	(4)
The child with impaired hearing	573	(4)
The child with mental retardation	577	(2)
The child with Down syndrome	579	(3)
Nursing Care of the Child with a Communicable and/or Skin Disease	582	(27)
The child with a communicable disease	582	(12)
The child with a skin disorder	594	(5)
The child with atopic dermatitis (eczema)	599	(2)
The adolescent with acne	601	(2)
The child with burns	603	(6)
Nursing Care of the Child with Psychophysiologic Dysfunction	609	(15)
The child with nonorganic failure to thrive	609	(3)
The child who is maltreated	612	(4)
The adolescent with anorexia nervosa	616	(3)
The adolescent who is obese	619	(3)
The child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	622	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Poisoning	624	(10)
The child with poisoning	624	(6)
The child with lead poisoning	630	(4)
UNIT 5 Community and Home Care Instructions
Preparing the Family for Community and Home Care	634	(1)
How to Use the CHCI	634	(1)
Instructions Related to Hygiene and Care	635	(17)
Eliminating extra feedings at sleep times	635	(1)
Helping your child learn to fall asleep with the proper associations---the progressive approach	636	(1)
Helping your child learn to stay in bed	637	(1)
Toilet training readiness	638	(1)
Caring for your child's teeth	639	(1)
Measuring your child's temperature	640	(6)
Obtaining a urine sample	646	(2)
Caring for the child in a cast	648	(3)
Preventing spread of HIV and hepatitis B virus infections	651	(1)
Instructions Related to Administration of Medications	652	(23)
Giving medications to children	652	(1)
Giving oral medications	653	(2)
Giving intramuscular (IM) injections	655	(2)
Giving subcutaneous (Sub Q) injections	657	(2)
Caring for an intermittent infusion device	659	(2)
Caring for a central venous catheter	661	(4)
Caring for implanted ports	665	(1)
Giving rectal medications--suppositories	666	(1)
Giving eye medications	667	(1)
Giving ear medications	668	(1)
Giving nose drops	669	(1)
Giving inhaled medications	670	(1)
Asthma medicine plan	671	(1)
Applying EMLA	672	(3)
Instructions Related to Alternative Feeding Techniques and Elimination	675	(12)
Giving nasogastric tube feedings	675	(2)
Giving gastrostomy feedings	677	(3)
Performing clean intermittent bladder catheterization	680	(3)
Caring for the child with a colostomy	683	(1)
Giving an enema	684	(2)
Oral rehydration guidelines	686	(1)
Instructions Related to Maintaining Respiratory Function	687	(23)
Suctioning the nose and mouth	687	(3)
Performing postural drainage	690	(3)
Caring for the child with a tracheostomy	693	(4)
Home apnea monitoring	697	(1)
Infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)	698	(2)
Child cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)	700	(3)
Caring for the choking infant	703	(3)
Caring for the choking child	706	(4)
UNIT 6 Reference Data
Abbreviations Used in Laboratory Tests	710	(1)
Prefixes Denoting Decimal Factors	710	(1)
Common Laboratory Tests	711	(10)
Abbreviations and Acronyms	721	(1)
General abbreviations	721	(10)
Drugs	731