Words and Ideas

by Dominik, William J.; Hilton, John; Bevis, Aileen; Gosling, Anne

• ISBN13: 9780865164857
• ISBN10: 0865164851
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-12-01
• Publisher: Bolchazy Carducci Pub

Summary

Unlike most etymology textbooks, this one presents the words studied in the context of the ideas in which the words functioned. Instead of studying endless lists of word roots, suffixes, and prefixes in isolation, the words are enlivened by their social, literary, and cultural media. Features: Chapters on Mythology, Medicine, Politics and Law, Commerce and Economics, Philosophy and Psychology, History Introduction to word building Exercises throughout Illustrations of ancient artifacts Clever cartoons on word origins Glossary of English words and phrases.

Table of Contents

Illustrations	xiv
``Word for Word'' Strips	xv
Preface	xvii
General Acknowledgments	xix
Illustration Acknowledgments	xx
A Note to the Teacher	xxi
Introduction	xxv
Word-Building Basics	1	(18)
W. J. Dominik
J. L. Hilton
A. P. Bevis
How Words are Formed and Used	1	(7)
Word Building in English	1	(1)
Influence of Greek and Latin upon English	1	(4)
Terminology of Word Building	5	(1)
Structure of Words	6	(1)
Coining New Words	7	(1)
The Latinate Register of English	8	(1)
Changes in Words Across Languages	8	(7)
Changes in Meaning of Greek and Latin Words in English	8	(2)
Changes in Spelling of Greek and Latin Words in English	10	(1)
Changes in the Forms of Words	11	(1)
Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives	11	(1)
Verbs	12	(1)
Greek and Latin Plural Forms in English	13	(1)
Greek	13	(1)
Latin	14	(1)
Bibliography and Further Reading	15	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	16	(2)
Exercises	18	(1)
Word-Building Tools: Greek Components	19	(26)
W. J. Dominik
J. L. Hilton
A. P. Bevis
The Greek Alphabet	19	(1)
Greek Bases	19	(11)
Nouns	19	(1)
Combining Forms	19	(2)
Adjectives	21	(4)
Adverbs	25	(1)
Verbs	25	(5)
Greek Prefixes	30	(3)
Greek Suffixes	33	(3)
Noun-forming Suffixes	34	(1)
General Function	34	(1)
Abstract Function	34	(1)
Agent Function	35	(1)
Adjective-forming Suffixes	36	(1)
Verb-forming Suffix	36	(1)
Bibliography and Further Reading	36	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	37	(1)
Exercises	37	(8)
Word-Building Tools: Latin Components	45	(30)
W. J. Dominik
J. L. Hilton
A. P. Bevis
The Latin Alphabet	45	(1)
Latin Bases	45	(3)
Nouns	45	(2)
Verbs	47	(1)
Latin Prefixes	48	(7)
Latin Suffixes	55	(8)
Noun-forming Suffixes	55	(1)
General Function	55	(1)
Abstract Function	56	(1)
Agent Function	57	(2)
Locative Function	59	(1)
Diminutive Function	59	(1)
Adjective-forming Suffixes	60	(3)
Verb-forming Suffixes	63	(1)
Latin Expressions	63	(2)
Abbreviations	63	(1)
Phrases	64	(1)
Quotations	65	(1)
Bibliography and Further Reading	65	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	66	(1)
Exercises	66	(9)
Mythology	75	(30)
W. J. Dominik
What Is Mythology?	75	(1)
Beginnings	75	(2)
The Creation of the World	75	(1)
Generations of the Gods	75	(1)
Word Study	76	(1)
Gods and Goddesses	77	(5)
Word Study	79	(3)
The Underworld	82	(3)
Word Study	82	(1)
Divine Punishments	83	(1)
Sisyphus	83	(1)
Tantalus	83	(1)
Persephone and Demeter	84	(1)
Heroes	85	(5)
Heracles	85	(1)
The Twelve Labors of Heracles	85	(3)
Word Study	88	(1)
Theseus	88	(1)
Word Study	89	(1)
The Trojan War	90	(3)
Word Study	90	(1)
Greek Heroes of the War	91	(1)
Word Study	91	(1)
Trojan Heroes of the War	92	(1)
Word Study	92	(1)
The Wanderings of Odysseus	93	(2)
Word Study	95	(1)
Oedipus and His Family	95	(4)
Oedipus	95	(3)
Eteocles and Polynices	98	(1)
Antigone and Ismene	98	(1)
Bibliography and Further Reading	99	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	99	(2)
Exercises	101	(4)
Medicine	105	(40)
W. J. Dominik
Greek Medicine	105	(8)
Beginnings	105	(1)
Hippocrates and Rational Medicine	105	(2)
Word Study	107	(1)
Medical Treatment	107	(1)
Drugs	107	(1)
Surgery	108	(1)
Word Study	108	(1)
The Theory of Humors	108	(2)
Medical Ethics and Etiquette	110	(1)
Word Study	111	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	111	(1)
Word Study	111	(1)
Gynecology	112	(1)
Word Study	112	(1)
Roman Medicine	113	(13)
Beginnings	113	(1)
Word Study	113	(1)
The Training of Doctors	113	(1)
Doctors	114	(1)
Independent and Public Doctors	114	(1)
Galen	114	(1)
Female Doctors	115	(1)
Military Doctors	116	(1)
Surgery	116	(1)
Medical and Surgical Instruments	117	(1)
Word Study	117	(1)
Gynecology	118	(1)
Soranus and Gynecology	118	(2)
Childbirth	120	(1)
Contraception	120	(1)
Abortion	121	(1)
Exposure	121	(1)
Word Study	121	(1)
Hysteria	122	(1)
Word Study	122	(1)
Ophthalmology	123	(1)
Word Study	123	(1)
Medical Treatments	123	(1)
Folk Treatments	123	(2)
Divine Healing	125	(1)
Preventive Medicine	125	(1)
Medical Humor	126	(2)
Medical Terminology	128	(2)
Importance of Medical Terminology	128	(1)
Role of Greek and Latin	128	(1)
Concision and Simplicity of Medical Terms	129	(1)
Precision and Extension of Medical Terms	129	(1)
Formation of Medical Terms	129	(1)
Key Words Derived from Greek	130	(8)
Suffixes and Combining Forms	130	(3)
Bases	133	(5)
Key Words Derived from Latin	138	(2)
Bibliography and Further Reading	140	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	140	(1)
Exercises	141	(4)
Politics and Law	145	(24)
J. L. Hilton
S. M. Masters
The Greek Polis	145	(2)
Latin Words for ``City''	147	(1)
Word Study	148	(1)
Monarchy and Related Forms	148	(1)
Democracy	149	(2)
Word Study	151	(1)
The Roman Republic	151	(3)
Magistracies	152	(1)
The Roman Class Structure	153	(1)
The Roman Senate	154	(1)
The Roman Assemblies	154	(1)
The Roman Empire	154	(2)
Word Study	155	(1)
Roman Law	156	(3)
The Influence of Roman Law upon American Law	157	(1)
The Influence of Roman Law upon South African Law	158	(1)
Roman Maxims and Legal Principles	158	(1)
Roman Legal Concepts	158	(1)
Roman Institutions	159	(1)
Roman Actions	159	(1)
Latin Derivatives in Legal Vocabulary	159	(4)
Public Law (Criminal)	160	(1)
Private Law (Persons)	161	(1)
Property and Wills	161	(1)
Commercial Law (Contracts)	162	(1)
Other Legal Words	162	(1)
Latin Legal Phrases	163	(1)
Bibliography and Further Reading	164	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	164	(1)
Exercises	165	(4)
Commerce and Economics	169	(22)
J. L. Hilton
Ancient Economic Theories	169	(3)
Greek Theories	169	(2)
Roman Theory	171	(1)
Word Study	171	(1)
Agriculture in the Ancient World	172	(2)
Greek Agriculture	172	(1)
Roman Agriculture	172	(1)
The Grain Supply	173	(1)
Food Welfare	174	(1)
Financial Systems	174	(4)
Greek Money and Coinage	174	(1)
Greek Finance	175	(1)
Roman Money	176	(1)
The Roman Treasury and the Imperial Fisc	177	(1)
Word Study	177	(1)
Roman Business	178	(1)
Company Organization	178	(1)
Public Contracts	178	(1)
Clubs	179	(1)
Greek Trade and Transport	179	(1)
Athenian Sea Power	179	(1)
Greek Trade	180	(1)
Roman Trade and Transport	180	(4)
Trade	180	(1)
Road Transport	181	(1)
Sea Transport	181	(2)
Word Study	183	(1)
The Role of Slavery in the Greek and Roman Economies	184	(1)
Word Study	185	(1)
The Role of Technology in the Greek and Roman Economies	185	(2)
Word Study	186	(1)
Bibliography and Further Reading	187	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	188	(1)
Exercises	189	(2)
Philosophy and Psychology	191	(36)
A. Gosling
W. J. Dominik
Inquiry	191	(1)
Word Study	191	(1)
Logos	192	(1)
Word Study	192	(1)
Knowledge	192	(2)
Word Study	192	(2)
Greek Philosophy	194	(12)
Aspects of Greek Philosophy	194	(1)
Word Study	194	(1)
The Pre-Socratic Philosophers	195	(1)
The Ionian Philosophers	195	(1)
Thales	195	(1)
Anaximander	196	(1)
Anaximenes	196	(1)
Pythagoras	196	(1)
Heracleitus	197	(1)
Parmenides	197	(1)
The Pluralists (Fifth Century BCE)	197	(1)
Empedocles	197	(1)
Anaxagoras	197	(1)
Democritus	197	(1)
Word Study	198	(1)
Socrates	198	(2)
The Sophists	200	(1)
Plato	200	(2)
Plato's Forms	202	(1)
Word Study	203	(1)
Aristotle	203	(1)
For Consideration	204	(1)
The Epicureans	204	(1)
The Stoics	204	(1)
The Cynics	205	(1)
Word Study	205	(1)
Arete	206	(1)
Word Study	206	(1)
Psyche	206	(6)
For Consideration	206	(1)
Homer and the Early Greeks on Psyche	207	(1)
Plato on Psyche	208	(2)
Aristotle on Psyche	210	(1)
Psyche in Mythology	211	(1)
Word Study	211	(1)
Myths	212	(1)
Oedipus	212	(1)
Electra	212	(1)
Narcissus	213	(1)
Word Study	213	(1)
Freudian Psychology	213	(6)
Word Study	214	(5)
Bibliography and Further Reading	219	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	220	(1)
Exercises	221	(6)
History	227	(24)
A. Gosling
W. J. Dominik
What is History?	227	(2)
For Consideration	227	(1)
Word Study	227	(2)
Methodology and Tools of History	229	(2)
For Consideration	229	(1)
Word Study	230	(1)
Recording Time	231	(2)
For Consideration	232	(1)
Word Study	232	(1)
Greek and Roman Historians	233	(5)
Approach and Methodology	233	(1)
Word Study	234	(1)
The Major Historians	234	(1)
Herodotus	234	(1)
Thucydides	235	(1)
Xenophon	235	(1)
Polybius	236	(1)
Flavius Josephus	236	(1)
Caesar	237	(1)
Sallust	237	(1)
Livy	237	(1)
Tacitus	238	(1)
Source Passages	238	(6)
For Consideration	239	(1)
Herodotus, Histories preface 1.5.3	239	(1)
Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 1.21--22	239	(1)
Polybius, Histories 3.31.2--4, 7--8, 11--13	240	(1)
Livy, From the Foundation of the City preface 6--7, 9--10	241	(1)
Tacitus, Annals 1.1	242	(1)
The Story of Coriolanus and Veturia (Livy, From the Foundation of the City 2.40.1--11)	242	(2)
For Consideration	244	(1)
Key Words for History	244	(2)
Bibliography and Further Reading	246	(1)
Web Sites: Names and URLs	247	(1)
Exercises	248	(3)
APPENDIX 1 GREEK AND LATIN ALPHABETS	251	(2)
W. J. Dominik
J. L. Hilton
A. P. Bevis
Diphthongs	252	(1)
APPENDIX 2 WRITING OF GREEK WORDS IN ENGLISH	253	(2)
W. J. Dominik
J. L. Hilton
A. P. Bevis
Rough and Smooth Breathings	254	(1)
APPENDIX 3 NUMBERS AND COLORS	255	(2)
W. J. Dominik
J. L. Hilton
A. P. Bevis
Greek Numbers	255	(1)
Latin Numbers	255	(1)
Greek Colors	256	(1)
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS	257	(1)
INDEX OF NAMES AND CULTURAL TOPICS	258	(6)
INDEX OF WORD-BUILDING TOPICS	264	(2)
Greek	264	(1)
Latin	264	(1)
Other	265	(1)
INDEX OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES	266