Work and Human Behavior

by Neff,Walter S.

• ISBN13: 9780202309095
• ISBN10: 0202309096
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2006-11-15
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Work is a many-sided human enterprise that has been written about from a great many different points of view, representing almost every eld of knowledge and almost every level of our social structure. Merely to identify these points of view is a daunting task. The subject of work has been written about by theologians and philosophers, by poets and novelists, by historians, economists, and sociologists, by biologists and naturalists, by politicians, by essayists and journalists. It has been described as both a blessing and a curse, as the chief means through which man has developed a high culture, and as a ravager of our natural environment.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
1. The Scope of the Problem
The Social Psychology of Work	1	(3)
Work as a Psychological Problem	4	(2)
Work and Mental Health	6	(2)
Productivity	8	(1)
A Transactional Approach	9	(3)
People Who Are "Apparently Unemployable"	12	(8)
I THE NATURE OF WORK
2. Work and Human History
The Economic Interpretation of History	20	(2)
Work and Theories of Social Evolution	22	(2)
Work and Social Organization	24	(1)
Hunting and Gathering Societies	25	(2)
Work in Early Agricultural and Pastoral Societies	27	(6)
The Grecian Example	33	(2)
The Rise of New Meanings	35	(3)
Work in the United States	38	(2)
Summary	40	(1)
3. The Study of Work Behavior
Consequences of the Industrial Revolution	41	(5)
The Technology of Work	46	(3)
The "Human" Aspects of Work	49	(1)
The Hawthorne Studies	50	(3)
The Sociology of Work	53	(1)
Work as a Social Role	54	(3)
The Problem of Work Alienation	57	(12)
Summary	69	(6)
4. Work as a Sphere of Individual Behavior
Definitions of Work	75	(3)
The Forms of Work Behavior	78	(2)
Work and Play	80	(3)
Work and Love	83	(3)
Toward an Individual Psychology of Work	86	(4)
5. Psychoanalytic Theories of Work Behavior
Freud on Work	90	(1)
Other Psychoanalytic Conceptions	91	(5)
Common Themes of Instinct and Early Psychosexual Development	96	(4)
Summary	100	(5)
6. Psychological Theories of Work Behavior
Super's Theory of Vocational Development	105	(5)
Ginzberg on Occupational Choice	110	(3)
Ann Roe and the Origin of Occupational Interests	113	(3)
Holland and a Theory of Types	116	(2)
Tiedeman and the Technology of Choice	118	(1)
Lofquist and Dawis: The Psychometry of Work Adjustment	119	(3)
Conclusions	122	(3)
7. The Characteristics of Work Environments
Toward a General Theory	125	(1)
Structural Features	126	(3)
Interpersonal Features	129	(2)
Customs and Mores	131	(5)
The Modal Work Personality	136	(1)
The Twofold Aspect of Work Environments	137	(2)
8. Work Behavior and the Work Personality
Work and the Affects	139	(3)
Work and Identity	142	(3)
Work and Human Needs	145	(8)
Is There a Work Personality?	153	(1)
Theories of Personality	153	(2)
The Semiautonomous Nature of the Work Personality	155	(1)
The Productive Role	156	(1)
The Development of the Work Personality	157	(4)
A General Theory of the Work Personality	161	(3)
The Psychodynamics of Work	164	(1)
Summary	165	(4)
II CLINICAL ISSUES
9. The Assessment of Work Potential
History	169	(2)
The Mental Testing Approach	171	(3)
The Job Analysis Approach	174	(2)
The Work-Sample Approach	176	(2)
The Situational Approach	178	(2)
Vocational Assessment and Vocational Rehabilitation	180	(1)
Applications	181	(4)
Summary	185	(2)
10. The Techniques of Work Adjustment
Vocational Guidance	187	(4)
Therapeutic Counseling	191	(3)
Group Methods	194	(2)
Nonverbal Techniques: The Rehabilitative Workshop	196	(5)
The Development of Adjustive Techniques	201	(1)
Summary	202	(6)
III WORK AND MENTAL HEALTH
11. Psychopathology and Work: Some Conceptual Issues
Mental Illness	208	(3)
Mental Health	211	(3)
Work and Disorder	214	(1)
Toward a Clinical Psychology of Work	215	(2)
Type Theory	217	(2)
Maladaptation to Work	219	(6)
An Empirical Study	225	(2)
Research Needs and Possibilities	227	(2)
12. Work and the Psychoses
Deinstitutionalization	229	(6)
Chronicity	235	(1)
Psychiatric Rehabilitation	236	(7)
The Community Mental Health Centers and Psychiatric Rehabilitation	243	(3)
Work and Severe Mental Disorder: The Present Situation	246	(5)
13. Work Stress
The Stress Syndrome	251	(2)
Kinds of Stress	253	(2)
The Effects of Work Stress	255	(1)
Person-Environment Fit and Job Stress	256	(4)
The Worker and the Work Setting	260	(3)
Work Stress and Mental Health	263	(1)
Stress and Work: General Considerations	264	(5)
IV SOME CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
14. Social Barriers
Women and Work	269	(10)
Ethnic Minorities and Work	279	(9)
Disability as a Status Condition	288	(7)
15. Work and Social Change
The Environment and the Worker	295	(3)
Automation and the Worker	298	(5)
Poverty and the Worker	303	(5)
Work and Productivity	308	(5)
16. Work in Perspective
The Work Personality	313	(1)
The Work Environment	314	(1)
Maladaptation to Work	315	(1)
The Future of Work	316	(3)
Bibliography	319	(16)
Name Index	335	(6)
Subject Index	341