World History To 1500

by Duiker,William J.

• ISBN13: 9780495050605
• ISBN10: 0495050601
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Explore common challenges and experiences that unite the human past and identify key global patterns over time with WORLD HISTORY: TO 1500. This brief overview of world history covers political, economic, social, religious, intellectual, cultural, and military history integrated into a chronologically ordered synthesis to help you gain an appreciation and understanding of the distinctive character and development of individual cultures in society. You can use the book's global approach and its emphasis on analytical comparisons between cultures to link events together in a broad comparative and global framework that places the contemporary world in a meaningful historical context.

Table of Contents

Chronologies	xi
Maps	xii
Documents	xv
Photo Credits	xxi
Preface	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxvii
A Note to Students on Language and the Dating of Time	xxx
Themes for Understanding World History	xxxi
PART I THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF EMPIRES (PREHISTORY TO 500 C.E.)	1	(159)
The First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt	2	(35)
The First Humans	3	(5)
The Emergence of Homo sapiens	3	(1)
The Hunter-Gatherers of the Paleolithic Age	3	(2)
The Neolithic Revolution, c. 10,000--4,000 B.C.E.	5	(3)
The Emergence of Civilization	8	(1)
Early Civilizations Around the World	9	(1)
Causes of Civilization	9	(1)
Civilization in Mesopotamia	9	(7)
The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia	10	(1)
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia	11	(3)
The Culture of Mesopotamia	14	(2)
Egyptian Civilization: ``The Gift of the Nile''	16	(7)
The Impact of Geography	17	(1)
The Old and Middle Kingdoms	18	(1)
Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt	19	(1)
The Culture of Egypt	20	(1)
Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom	21	(1)
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Family and Marriage	22	(1)
New Centers of Civilization	23	(5)
The Impact of the Indo-Europeans	24	(1)
The Phoenicians	24	(1)
The Hebrews: The ``Children of Israel''	25	(3)
The Rise of New Empires	28	(9)
The Assyrian Empire	29	(2)
The Persian Empire	31	(2)
Conclusion	33	(1)
Chapter Notes	34	(1)
Suggested Reading	34	(3)
Ancient India	37	(27)
The Emergence of Civilization in India: Harappan Society	38	(4)
A Land of Diversity	38	(1)
Harappan Civilization: A Fascinating Enigma	38	(4)
A Lost Civilization?	42	(1)
The Arrival of the Aryans	42	(7)
The Early Aryans	42	(1)
The Mauryan Empire	43	(2)
Caste and Class: Social Structures in Ancient India	45	(2)
Daily Life in Ancient India	47	(1)
The Economy	48	(1)
Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India	49	(7)
Hinduism	49	(3)
Buddhism: The Middle Path	52	(4)
The Rule of the Fishes: India After the Mauryas	56	(1)
The Exuberant World of Indian Culture	57	(7)
Literature	57	(1)
Architecture and Sculpture	58	(3)
Science	61	(1)
Conclusion	61	(1)
Chapter Notes	62	(1)
Suggested Reading	62	(2)
China in Antiquity	64	(31)
The Dawn of Chinese Civilization	65	(5)
The Land and People of China	65	(2)
The Shang Dynasty	67	(3)
The Zhou Dynasty	70	(7)
Political Structures	70	(2)
Economy and Society	72	(1)
The Hundred Schools of Ancient Philosophy	73	(4)
The Rise of the Chinese Empire: The Qin and the Han	77	(7)
The Qin Dynasty (221--206 B.C.E)	78	(3)
The Glorious Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.--221 C.E.)	81	(3)
Daily Life in Ancient China	84	(3)
The Role of the Family	85	(1)
Lifestyles	86	(1)
Cities	87	(1)
The Humble Estate: Women in Ancient China	87	(1)
Chinese Culture	87	(8)
Metalwork and Sculpture	87	(2)
Language and Literature	89	(2)
Music	91	(1)
Conclusion	92	(1)
Chapter Notes	93	(1)
Suggested Reading	94	(1)
The Civilization of the Greeks	95	(31)
Early Greece	96	(4)
Minoan Crete	96	(1)
The First Greek State: Mycenae	97	(1)
The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100--c. 750 B.C.E.)	98	(2)
The Greek City-States (c. 750--c. 500 B.C.E.)	100	(5)
The Polis	100	(1)
Colonization and the Growth of Trade	101	(1)
Tyranny and the Greek Polis	102	(1)
Sparta	102	(2)
Athens	104	(1)
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece	105	(9)
The Challenge of Persia	105	(1)
The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles	106	(1)
The Great Peloponnesian War and the Decline of the Greek States	107	(1)
The Culture of Classical Greece	108	(4)
Greek Religion	112	(1)
Daily Life in Classical Athens	113	(1)
The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander	114	(3)
Alexander the Great	114	(3)
The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms	117	(9)
Hellenistic Monarchies	117	(1)
Political Institutions	117	(1)
Hellenistic Cities	118	(1)
The Importance of Trade	118	(1)
Social Life: New Opportunities for Women	119	(1)
Culture in the Hellenistic World	119	(4)
Conclusion	123	(1)
Chapter Notes	123	(1)
Suggested Reading	124	(2)
The World of the Romans	126	(34)
Early Rome and the Republic	127	(9)
Early Rome	127	(1)
The Roman Republic	128	(3)
The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264--133 B.C.E.)	131	(2)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133--31 B.C.E.)	133	(3)
The Roman Empire at Its Height	136	(12)
The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E.--14 C.E.)	136	(2)
The Early Empire (14--180)	138	(2)
Culture and Society in the Roman World	140	(8)
Crisis and the Late Empire	148	(2)
Crises in the Third Century	148	(1)
The Late Roman Empire	149	(1)
Transformation of the Roman World: The Development of Christianity	150	(4)
The Religious World of the Romans	150	(1)
The Jewish Background	150	(1)
The Rise of Christianity	151	(3)
The Triumph of Christianity	154	(1)
Comparison of the Roman and Han Empires	154	(6)
Conclusion	156	(1)
Chapter Notes	156	(1)
Suggested Reading	157	(3)
PART II NEW PATTERNS OF CIVILIZATION	160	(201)
The Americas	162	(25)
The Peopling of the Americas	163	(1)
The First Americans	163	(1)
Early Civilizations in Central America	163	(13)
Teotihuacan: America's First Metropolis	165	(1)
The Maya	166	(5)
The Aztecs	171	(5)
The First Civilizations in South America	176	(6)
Chavin de Huantar	177	(1)
Moche	177	(1)
The Inka	178	(4)
Stateless Societies in the New World	182	(5)
The Eastern Woodlands	182	(1)
Cahokia	182	(1)
The ``Ancient Ones'': The Anasazi	183	(1)
South America: The Arawak	184	(1)
Conclusion	184	(1)
Chapter Notes	185	(1)
Suggested Reading	185	(2)
Islam and Byzantium	187	(29)
The Rise of Islam	188	(3)
The Role of Muhammad	188	(1)
The Teachings of Muhammad	189	(2)
The Arab Empire and Its Successors	191	(6)
Creation of an Empire	191	(1)
The Rise of the Ummayads	192	(1)
The Abbasids	193	(2)
The Seljuk Turks	195	(1)
The Crusades	196	(1)
The Mongols	197	(1)
Islamic Civilization	197	(10)
The Wealth of Araby: Trade and Cities in the Middle East	197	(2)
Islamic Society	199	(1)
The Culture of Islam	200	(7)
The Byzantine Empire	207	(9)
The Reign of Justinian (527--565)	207	(3)
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire	210	(1)
The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization	211	(1)
New Challenges to the Byzantine Empire	212	(1)
Impact of the Crusades	213	(1)
Conclusion	213	(1)
Chapter Notes	214	(1)
Suggested Reading	214	(2)
Early Civilizations in Africa	216	(25)
The Emergence of Civilization	217	(6)
The Land	217	(1)
Kush	217	(1)
Axum, Son of Saba	218	(1)
The Sahara and Its Environs	219	(3)
East Africa	222	(1)
The Coming of Islam	223	(7)
African Religious Beliefs Before Islam	224	(1)
The Arabs in North Africa	224	(1)
The Kingdom of Ethiopia: A Christian Island in a Muslim Sea	225	(1)
East Africa: The Land of Zanj	225	(1)
The States of West Africa	226	(4)
States and Stateless Societies in Central and Southern Africa	230	(1)
The Congo River Valley	230	(1)
Zimbabwe	230	(1)
Southern Africa	230	(1)
African Society	231	(3)
Urban Life	231	(1)
Village Life	232	(1)
The Role of Women	232	(1)
Slavery	233	(1)
African Culture	234	(7)
Painting and Sculpture	234	(1)
Music	235	(1)
Architecture	235	(1)
Literature	236	(3)
Conclusion	239	(1)
Chapter Notes	240	(1)
Suggested Reading	240	(1)
The Expansion of Civilization in Southern Asia	241	(28)
The Silk Road	242	(2)
India After the Mauryas	244	(3)
The Gupta Dynasty: A New Golden Age?	244	(1)
The Transformation of Buddhism	244	(3)
The Decline of Buddhism in India	247	(1)
The Arrival of Islam	247	(3)
The Arrival of Mahmud of Ghazni	247	(1)
The Delhi Sultanate	248	(1)
Tamerlane	249	(1)
Society and Culture	250	(8)
Religion	250	(3)
Economy and Daily Life	253	(1)
The Wonder of Indian Culture	254	(4)
The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia	258	(11)
Paddy Fields and Spices: The States of Southeast Asia	259	(3)
Daily Life	262	(2)
World of the Spirits: Religious Belief	264	(2)
Conclusion	266	(2)
Chapter Notes	268	(1)
Suggested Reading	268	(1)
The Flowering of Traditional China	269	(29)
China After the Han	270	(1)
China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song	271	(12)
The Sui Dynasty	271	(1)
The Tang Dynasty	272	(2)
The Song Dynasty	274	(1)
Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism	274	(3)
The Economy	277	(5)
Society in Traditional China	282	(1)
Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire	283	(3)
The Creation of the Mongol Empire	283	(1)
Mongol Rule in China	283	(2)
From the Yuan to the Ming	285	(1)
The Ming Dynasty	286	(1)
The Voyage of Zhenghe	286	(1)
An Inward Turn	286	(1)
In Search of the Way	287	(4)
The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism	287	(2)
Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things	289	(2)
The Apogee of Chinese Culture	291	(7)
Literature	291	(2)
Art	293	(3)
Conclusion	296	(1)
Chapter Notes	297	(1)
Suggested Reading	297	(1)
The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam	298	(25)
Japan: Land of the Rising Sun	299	(15)
A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan	300	(1)
The Rise of the Japanese State	301	(4)
Economic and Social Structures	305	(4)
In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan	309	(1)
Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture	310	(4)
Japan and the Chinese Model	314	(1)
Korea: Bridge to the East	314	(3)
The Three Kingdoms	315	(1)
The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty	316	(1)
Under the Mongols	316	(1)
Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon	317	(6)
The Rise of Great Viet	317	(3)
Society and Family Life	320	(1)
Conclusion	320	(1)
Chapter Notes	321	(1)
Suggested Reading	321	(2)
The Making of Europe	323	(38)
The Emergence of Europe in the Early Middle Ages	324	(7)
The New Germanic Kingdoms	324	(1)
The Role of the Christian Church	324	(2)
Charlemagne and the Carolingians	326	(1)
The World of Lords and Vassals	326	(5)
Europe in the High Middle Ages	331	(12)
Land and People	331	(1)
The New World of Trade and Cities	332	(3)
Evolution of the European Kingdoms	335	(4)
Christianity and Medieval Civilization	339	(2)
The Culture of the High Middle Ages	341	(2)
Medieval Europe and the World	343	(2)
The First Crusades	344	(1)
The Later Crusades	344	(1)
The Crises of the Late Middle Ages	345	(6)
The Black Death	345	(2)
Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval	347	(1)
Political Instability	348	(1)
The Decline of the Church	349	(2)
Recovery: The Renaissance	351	(10)
The Intellectual Renaissance	351	(1)
The Artistic Renaissance	351	(2)
The State in the Renaissance	353	(2)
Conclusion	355	(1)
Chapter Notes	356	(1)
Suggested Reading	356	(5)
Glossary	361	(12)
Pronunciation Guide	373	(12)
Index	385