World History in Brief: Major Patterns of Change and Continuity, Single Volume Edition

by Stearns, Peter N.

• ISBN13: 9780321196729
• ISBN10: 0321196724
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

With its brief, global (rather than West-centered) approach, World History in Brief, Fifth Edition, seeks to show how different civilizations developed in a global context, and then encountered the various forces of contemporary life. Rather than overwhelm students, the chief goal of World History in Brief is to present the big picture, to facilitate comparison and assessment of change, and to highlight the major developments in the world's history. This text also presents the global interactions of major civilizations so that students can compare and assess changes. the compact size of this text gives instructors the opportunity to take advantage of additional supplementary readings.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xvi
List of Features	xvii
Preface	xviii
PART I The Rise of Agriculture and Agricultural Civilizations	1	(48)
CHAPTER 1 From Human Prehistory to the Rise of Agriculture	7	(13)
Getting Started Is Always Hard	7	(1)
Human Development and Change	8	(4)
HISTORY DEBATE People in the Americas	12	(4)
The Neolithic Revolution	12	(3)
The Nature of Agricultural Societies	15	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Nature of Culture	16	(4)
Agriculture and Change	17	(2)
Issues and Connections	19	(1)
CHAPTER 2 Early Civilization	20	(20)
Civilization	20	(9)
Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared	29	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Women in Patriarchal Societies	30	(4)
Transitions: The End of the River Valley Period	33	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Uses and Varieties	34	(6)
The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations	35	(1)
New States and Peoples Around 1000 B.C.E.	36	(2)
The First Civilizations	38	(1)
Issues and Connections	38	(2)
CHAPTER 3 Nomadic Societies	40	(9)
Early Nomadic Societies	40	(2)
Nomadic Society and Culture	42	(2)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Nomadic Art	44	(2)
Nomads and Civilizations	44	(1)
Nomads and Global Patterns	45	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE The Contributions of Nomads	46	(2)
Issues and Connections	46	(2)
CONTACTS AND IDENTITIES Part The Rise of Agriculture and Agricultural Civilizations	48	(1)
PART II The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E.-500 C.E.	49	(92)
CHAPTER 4 Classical Civilization: China	55	(20)
Patterns in Classical China	56	(4)
Political Institutions	60	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE War	62	(2)
Religion and Culture	63	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Confucius, or Kong Fuzi (c. 551-479 B.C.E.)	64	(7)
Economy and Society	68	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Ban Zhao (c. 48-117 C.E.)	71	(4)
How Chinese Civilization Fit Together	72	(2)
Issues and Connections	74	(1)
CHAPTER 5 Classical Civilization: India	75	(19)
The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period	76	(2)
Patterns in Classical India	78	(3)
Political Institutions	81	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Interpreting Civilization, Round Two	82	(7)
Religion and Culture	83	(6)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Comparing Systems of Belief	89	(5)
Economy and Society	89	(2)
Indian Influence	91	(1)
China and India	92	(1)
Issues and Connections	92	(2)
CHAPTER 6 Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece and Rome	94	(22)
The Persian Tradition	95	(1)
Patterns of Greek and Roman History	96	(3)
Greek and Roman Political Institutions	99	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.)	102	(8)
Religion and Culture	104	(6)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES When Two Belief Systems Meet	110	(2)
Economy and Society in the Mediterranean	110	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE Mediterranean Civilization and "Western" Civilization	112	(4)
Toward the Fall of Rome	114	(1)
Issues and Connections	114	(2)
CHAPTER 7 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E.	116	(25)
Expansion and Integration	117	(1)
Beyond the Classical Civilizations	118	(3)
Decline in China and India	121	(3)
Decline and Fall in Rome	124	(5)
HISTORY DEBATE What Caused Decline and Fa11?	129	(4)
The New Religious Map	129	(4)
WORLD PROFILES Saint Paul (Paul of Tarsus)	133	(6)
The World Around 500 C.L.	137	(1)
Issues and Connections	137	(2)
CONTACTS AND IDENTITIES Part II: The Classical Period, 1000 Q.C.E.-500 C.E.	139	(2)
PART III The Postclassical Period, 500-1450 C.E.	141	(124)
CHAPTER 8 The Rise of Islam: Civilization in the Middle East	149	(25)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Impact of World Religions	150	(1)
The Advent of Islam	150	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Muhammad (570-632 C.E.)	151	(7)
Patterns of Islamic History	152	(4)
Islamic Political Institutions	156	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE Political Implications of Islam	158	(5)
Islam and Middle Eastern Culture	159	(4)
WORLD PROFILES Omar Khayyam (c.11th-12th centuries)	163	(11)
Economy and Society in the Middle East	165	(4)
The Decline of Middle Eastern Civilization	169	(1)
Issues and Connections	170	(4)
CHAPTER 9 India and Southeast Asia Under the Impact of Islam	174	(9)
The Development of Indian Culture	173	(3)
HISTORY DEBATE The Caste System	176	(2)
The Muslim Challenge in India	176	(2)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Comparison and Contact	178	(5)
Southeast Asia	179	(2)
Islam in Southern Asia	181	(1)
Issues and Connections	181	(2)
CHAPTER 10 Africa and Islam	183	(11)
Sub-Saharan Africa and the World Network	184	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Sundiata	185	(5)
The Great Kingdoms	186	(4)
HISTORY DEBATE Handles for African History	190	(4)
Features of African Civilization	191	(2)
Issues and Connections	193	(1)
CHAPTER 11 East European Civilization: Byzantium and Russia	194	(14)
The Byzantine Phase	195	(1)
WORLD PROFILES The Emperor Justinian (527-565 C.E.)	196	(7)
The Early Russian Phase: Kievan Rus'	200	(2)
East European Political Institutions	202	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE A Russian Civilization?	203	(5)
East European Religion and Culture	203	(2)
East European Economy and Society	205	(1)
East European Civilization in Eclipse	206	(1)
Issues and Connections	207	(1)
CHAPTER 12 Western Civilization: The Middle Ages	208	(18)
Early Patterns in Western Civilization	209	(4)
HISTORY DEBATE Western Civilization	213	(6)
Medieval Political Institutions	213	(2)
Medieval Religion and Culture	215	(3)
Economy and Society	218	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Christianity and Syncretism	219	(7)
Women and Family Life	222	(1)
Tensions in the Later Middle Ages	223	(1)
After the Medieval, What?	224	(1)
Issues and Connections	224	(2)
CHAPTER 13 The Spread of East Asian Civilization	226	(18)
Political and Cultural Developments in China	227	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Taizong (626-649 C.E.)	228	(12)
Economy and Society in China	233	(3)
Civilization in Korea, Vietnam, and Japan	236	(3)
Culture, Society, and Economy in Japan	239	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Mugai Nyodai	240	(4)
East Asian Self-Confidence	242	(1)
Issues and Connections	242	(2)
CHAPTER 14 Centers of Civilization in the Americas	244	(11)
The Mayas and Aztecs	246	(3)
HISTORY DEBATE What Happened to the Mayas?	249	(3)
American Indian Civilization: A Continuing Heritage	251	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Question of Legacies	252	(3)
The Issue of Isolation	253	(1)
Issues and Connections	253	(2)
CHAPTER 15 The Mongol Interlude and the End of the Postclassical Period	255	(10)
Mongol Empires	256	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Chabi Khan	259	(2)
China and the West as New World Powers	260	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Causes of Global Change by 1450	261	(3)
The End of Transition: Postclassical to Early Modern	262	(1)
Issues and Connections	263	(1)
CONTACTS AND IDENTITIES Part III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450 C.E.	264	(1)
PART IV A New World Economy, 1450-1750	265	(108)
CHAPTER 16 The West and the World: Discovery, Colonization, and Trade	275	(26)
Patterns of Exploration and Trade	276	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE The West as World Leader	277	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Amerigo Vespucci (1451-1512)	280	(6)
Toward a World Economy	281	(2)
Africa	283	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Olandah Equiano	286	(8)
Colonization in Latin America: The Birth of a New Civilization	287	(3)
Latin American Civilization	290	(4)
WORLD PROFILES Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651-1695)	294	(7)
Western Civilization in North America	295	(1)
North and South America: Reasons for the Differences	296	(2)
The World Economy Revisited	298	(1)
Issues and Connections	299	(2)
CHAPTER 17 Western Civilization Changes Shape in the Early Modern Centuries	301	(24)
Patterns of Early Modern Western History	302	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Maria Portinari	303	(15)
Political Institutions and Ideas	310	(3)
The Ferment in Western Culture	313	(5)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES A Revolution in Popular Culture	318	(7)
Transformations in Economic and Social Life	319	(4)
How Early Modern Trends in the West Interrelated	323	(1)
Issues and Connections	323	(2)
CHAPTER 18 The Rise of Eastern Europe	325	(15)
Patterns of Early Modern Russian History	326	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Catherine the Great (1762-1796)	329	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE A Russian Civilization?	331	(9)
Russian Political Institutions	332	(1)
Russian Culture	333	(3)
Economy and Society in Russia	336	(2)
The World's First Effort at Westernization	338	(1)
Issues and Connections	339	(1)
CHAPTER 19 The Ottoman and Mughal Empires	340	(17)
The Expanding Force of the Ottoman Empire	341	(5)
The Ottoman Empire in Decline	346	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Guns and Their Impact	347	(4)
The Mughal Empire: Invasion, Consolidation, and Decline	348	(3)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Reactions to Western Values	351	(6)
Western Intrusion into the Mughal Empire	353	(1)
The Rise and Decline of Asian Empires	354	(1)
Issues and Connections	355	(2)
CHAPTER 20 East Asia: Degrees of Isolation	357	(16)
China: The Resumption of the Dynasties	358	(2)
Cultural and Social Trends: Some New Problems	360	(3)
HISTORY DEBATE Chinese and Western Economies	363	(3)
Japan and the Origins of Isolation	364	(2)
WORLD PROFILES Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1548)	366	(5)
Vitality and Tension in East Asia	369	(1)
Issues and Connections	369	(2)
CONTACTS AND IDENTITIES Part IV: A New World Economy, 1450-1750	371	(2)
PART V The World's first Industrial Period, 1750-1914	373	(120)
CHAPTER 21 The first Industrial Revolution: Western Society, 1780-1914	383	(25)
Patterns of Industrialization	384	(1)
Causes of Industrialization	385	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE Consumerism and Industrialization	387	(11)
Effects of Industrialization	388	(2)
The Period of Revolution, 1789-1848	390	(4)
The Postrevolutionary Era and Nationalism, 1848-1871	394	(1)
"The Social Question," 1871-1914	395	(1)
Western Political Institutions in the Industrial Revolution	396	(2)
WORLD PROFILES Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)	398	(5)
Western Culture in the Industrial Century	399	(3)
Industrial Society	402	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Women in Industrial Society	403	(5)
Gain and Strain in Industrialization	405	(1)
Issues and Connections	406	(2)
CHAPTER 22 World Economy and Western Imperialism: Africa and South Asia	408	(18)
The Reasons for Imperialism: Motives and Means	410	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Causes of the Abolition of Slavery	411	(10)
Imperialism in India and Southeast Asia	413	(6)
Imperialism in Africa	419	(2)
WORLD PROFILES John Mensch Sorbah (1865-1910)	421	(5)
Comparing Colonies	423	(1)
Issues and Connections	424	(2)
CHAPTER 23 The Settler Societies: The West on Frontiers	426	(8)
The United States	427	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Exceptionalism	428	(3)
Hawaii	429	(1)
Newer European Settlements	429	(2)
WORLD PROFILES Hongi Hika	431	(3)
Special Features of Settler Societies	432	(1)
Issues and Connections	432	(2)
CHAPTER 24 The Development of Latin American Civilization	434	(19)
The Wars of Independence	435	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Simón Bolivar (1783-1830)	438	(4)
The Period of Consolidation	439	(2)
Late-Century Trends: Dictatorship, Immigration, and Western Intervention	441	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Benito Juárez (1806-1872)	442	(4)
Political Institutions and Values	444	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE Is Latin America Western?	446	(7)
Culture and the Arts	446	(2)
Economy and Society	448	(3)
Tension and Creativity	451	(1)
Issues and Connections	452	(1)
CHAPTER 25 The Middle East and China in the Imperialist Century	453	(15)
The Attempt to Modernize Egypt	454	(1)
Decline of the Ottoman Empire	455	(2)
The Rise of Nationalism	457	(2)
WORLD PROFILES Lalla Zainab	459	(4)
China Faces Imperialism	460	(3)
HISTORY DEBATE Chinas 19th-Century Sluggishness	463	(5)
The Need for Further Change	466	(1)
Issues and Connections	466	(2)
CHAPTER 26 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West	468	(17)
Russian Conservatism: An Alternative to the West	469	(1)
The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization	470	(2)
The Foundations of Revolution in Russia	472	(3)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Persistence and Change in Russia	475	(5)
The Culture of Eastern Europe	475	(2)
The Opening of Trade in Japan	477	(1)
Japanese Industrialization in Response to the West	478	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE Different Confucian Paths	480	(5)
Cultural and Economic Effects of Japanese Industrialization	480	(2)
The Strain of Modernization	482	(1)
Issues and Connections	483	(2)
CHAPTER 27 World War I and the End of an Era	485	(8)
The Onset of World War I	485	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Causes of World War I	486	(4)
A World History Watershed	488	(1)
Issues and Connections	489	(1)
CONTACTS AND IDENTITIES Part V: The World's first Industrial Period, 1750-1914	490	(3)
PART VI The Contemporary World	493	(186)
CHAPTER 28 The West in the 20th Century	508	(26)
Patterns of Western History: 1914-1945	508	(7)
Patterns of Western History: 1950 to the Present	515	(4)
Western Political Institutions in the 20th Century	519	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Convergence	520	(8)
Contemporary Western Culture	521	(4)
Economy and Society	525	(3)
WORLD PROFILES Simone de Beauvoir	528	(6)
A Postindustrial Age?	531	(1)
Issues and Connections	532	(2)
CHAPTER 29 Eastern European Civilization	534	(22)
The Russian Revolution	535	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE Women and the Russian Revolution	537	(9)
Patterns of Soviet History After 1923	538	(4)
Soviet Political Institutions	542	(3)
Soviet Culture	545	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Impact of Revolution	546	(10)
Economy and Society	547	(2)
The Explosion of the 1980's	549	(1)
Dismantling the Soviet Empire	550	(1)
Renewed Turmoil After 1991	551	(2)
Uncertain Futures in Eastern Europe	553	(1)
Issues and Connections	554	(2)
CHAPTER 30 East Asia in the 20th Century	556	(20)
A Clash of Cultures: Revolution and War	557	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Sun Yat-sen (1867-1925)	558	(8)
Return to Stability in Japan	562	(1)
Upheaval and Ongoing Revolution in China	562	(3)
East Asia Toward the End of the Century	565	(1)
Japan, Incorporated	565	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Japan and Westernization	566	(10)
The Pacific Rim	570	(1)
China Under Communism	570	(4)
East Asia and the World	574	(1)
Issues and Connections	575	(1)
CHAPTER 31 India and Southeast Asia: World War I to Independence	576	(19)
The Rise of Nationalism	577	(1)
The Nonviolent Strategies of Gandhi	578	(1)
WORLD PROFILES Mohandas Gandhi (1889-1948)	579	(9)
Nationalism in Southeast Asia	580	(1)
Decolonization After the War	581	(2)
Southeast Asia After Independence	583	(2)
India and Pakistan	585	(3)
HISTORY DEBATE Women's Conditions in India	588	(7)
India and China	592	(1)
Issues and Connections	593	(2)
CHAPTER 32 Middle Eastern Civilization in the 20th Century	595	(21)
Replacing the Ottoman Empire	596	(2)
Assertions of Arab Nationalism	598	(5)
The New Role of the State	603	(1)
The Rise of Fundamentalism	604	(4)
HISTORY DEBATE Terrorism	608	(1)
Middle Eastern Culture and Society	608	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Fundamentalism	609	(7)
New Tensions in the Early 2000's	612	(1)
A Troubled Region	612	(2)
Issues and Connections	614	(2)
CHAPTER 33 Latin America in the 20th Century	616	(19)
Latin America in 20th-Century World History	617	(1)
The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920's	617	(3)
Effects of the Depression, 1930's-1950's	620	(2)
Revolution and Response, 1950's-1990's	622	(4)
Latin American Culture	626	(2)
Economy and Society	628	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE Latin America and the Third World	629	(1)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Adapting Consumer Values	630	(5)
Toward a Greater World Role?	632	(1)
Issues and Connections	633	(2)
CHAPTER 34 Sub-Saharan Africa: From Colonies to New Nations	635	(20)
Emerging Nationalism	636	(3)
The Transformation to Independence	639	(1)
The Challenges of New Nationhood	640	(4)
African Political Culture	644	(2)
African Culture	646	(1)
HISTORY DEBATE The Question of Identity	647	(8)
Economy and Society	650	(3)
Defining the New Africa	653	(1)
Issues and Connections	653	(2)
CHAPTER 35 The Early 21st Century: World History and the Future	655	(24)
After the Cold War	656	(2)
The Spread of Democracy	658	(2)
HISTORY DEBATE How Much Historical Change?	660	(17)
A World of Regions: Disputes and Alliances	660	(3)
Ethnic Conflict	663	(2)
Globalization	665	(1)
The New Technology	666	(1)
Business Organization and Investment	666	(1)
Migration	667	(1)
Cultural Globalization	668	(1)
Institutions of Globalization	669	(2)
Protest and Economic Uncertainties	671	(1)
Nationalism and Religious Currents	671	(1)
Global Terrorism	672	(1)
Global Warming and a Planet in Peril	673	(1)
Disease	674	(1)
Projecting from Trends	674	(1)
Issues and Connections	675	(2)
CONTACTS AND IDENTITIES Part VI: The Contemporary World	677	(2)
Credits	679	(2)
Index	681